What are the logistics information technologies?

The development of e-commerce has produced a strong market demand for logistics distribution, which makes enterprises pay more and more attention to the application of logistics information technology; The rapid development of computer technology, communication technology and network technology provides a strong technical foundation for the development and application of logistics information technology under e-commerce. This paper mainly introduces the basic concepts of barcode technology, radio frequency technology, electronic data interchange technology (EDI), global positioning system (GPS)/ geographic information system (GIS) technology and their applications in logistics. E-commerce is the inevitable trend of all kinds of business activities. With the further popularization and application of e-commerce, the importance of logistics has an increasingly obvious impact on e-commerce activities. Modern logistics enterprises are characterized by a large amount of information, a large span of time and space, and complicated handling. Therefore, the establishment of a fully functional, convenient, safe and timely logistics management information system needs a lot of technical and knowledge support. I. Automatic identification technology of logistics data The most basic work in logistics management is the collection of logistics data. Bar code technology and radio frequency technology are important technologies to realize automatic information acquisition and input. 1. Barcode technology Barcode consists of a group of black "bars" and white "empty" cells with different thicknesses, in which the black bars have low reflectivity to light and the white spaces have high reflectivity to light. In addition, stripes and spaces with different widths can make the scanning light have different reflection and reception effects, which can be converted into different electric pulses on photoelectric conversion equipment to form electronic information that can be transmitted. Bar code technology is still developing in breadth and depth. Countries are still developing new two-dimensional bar code technology and corresponding scanning equipment containing a large amount of information. Now, all countries in the world attach importance to the development of magnetic card, optical card and intelligent ic card technology related to barcode technology. The advantages of bar code technology are reliability, accuracy, high speed of collecting letters and inputting data, low cost, flexible application, great freedom, small equipment and easy manufacture. 2. Radio frequency identification technology Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology uses wireless radio frequency to carry out non-contact two-way data transmission between readers and radio frequency cards, so as to achieve the purpose of target identification and data exchange. The most basic RFID system consists of three parts: radio frequency card, reader and antenna. The basic workflow is as follows: the reader sends a radio frequency signal with a certain frequency through the transmitting antenna, and when the radio frequency card enters the working area of the transmitting antenna, it generates an induced current and activates the radio frequency card by obtaining energy; Radio frequency card sends its own code and other information through the card's built-in transmitting antenna; The system receives the carrier signal sent by the RF card by the antenna and transmits it to the reader through the antenna regulator. The reader demodulates and decodes the received signal and sends it to the background main system for relevant processing. The main system judges the legitimacy of the card according to the logical operation, carries out corresponding processing and control for different settings, and sends out command signals to control the actions of the actuator. Radio frequency card has the characteristics of non-contact, fast reading speed, no wear, no environmental influence, long service life, convenient use and anti-collision function, and can handle multiple cards at the same time. Second, logistics automatic tracking technology Logistics activities are often in a state of movement and dispersion, so global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technology can effectively manage the spatial data of cargo movement. 1.GPS technology The meaning of global positioning system is to use navigation satellites to measure time and distance to form a global positioning system, or GPS for short. The positioning principle of GPS is that the GPS navigator receives signals and measures the transmission time of radio signals to measure the distance, and determines the position of the satellite in space through the distance. The GPS global satellite positioning system consists of three parts: (1) Space part: It consists of 24 working satellites evenly distributed on six orbital planes. Provide continuous global navigation capability in time. GPS satellites generate two sets of codes, one called C/A code and the other called P code. P code is accurate code, and C/A code is coarse code, which is mainly open to people. (2) Ground control part: Ground monitoring system, consisting of 1 master station, 5 global monitoring stations and 3 injection stations. The monitoring station transmits the data to the main control station, which collects the tracking data, calculates the orbit and clock parameters of the satellite, and then sends the results to the injection station, which injects the navigation data and the instructions of the main control station into the satellite. (3) User equipment: GPS receiver. The main function of GPS is to capture the satellite to be measured and track its operation. When the receiver captures the data, the microprocessor in the receiver performs positioning calculation to calculate the latitude and longitude, height, speed, time and other information of the user's geographical position. 2.GIS technology Geographic Information System (GIS) refers to the information directly or indirectly related to the spatial position on the earth. The definition of GIS is: an information processing and management system that can organically combine graphic management system and data management system to collect, store, analyze and visually express various spatial data. Geographic information system consists of hardware, software, data, personnel and methods. Hardware mainly includes computers and network devices, storage devices, peripheral devices for data input, display and output, etc. Software mainly includes the following categories: operating system software, database management software, system development software, GIS software and so on. Data is an important content of GIS, and it is also the soul and life of GIS system. People are the main body of geographic information system. The technical level and organizational management ability of personnel are important factors that determine the success or failure of system construction. Method refers to what kind of technical route the system needs to adopt and what kind of solution to realize. An important guarantee for successful construction. Third, logistics EDI technology Electronic data exchange, or EDI technology, according to the definition of the United Nations Organization for Standardization, refers to handling commercial or administrative affairs according to a recognized standard, forming a structured transaction processing or information data structure, and transmitting data between computers. EDI is an important means to participate in international trade competition. The EDI system generally consists of the following aspects: 1. Hardware equipment. 2. Value-added communication networks and network software. 3. Message format standard. 4. Application system interface and standard message format conversion software. 5. User's application system. The main functions of EDI center are: electronic data exchange, transmission data storage, message standard format conversion, security and confidentiality, information inquiry, technical consulting service, all-weather service and information proliferation service. Four. Conclusion In the e-commerce environment, the combination of logistics management and information technology can bring the simplest workflow and efficient distribution efficiency to enterprises, which can bring higher income and lower cost. References: ellipsis