Liu, whose real name is Zhonghui, was originally from the Han nationality in Ruizhou, Jiangxi, but he was an official in the Liao Dynasty for generations and became an official family. Later, Liu's great-grandfather served as our envoy to Xingzhou in the Jin Dynasty, and his family moved to Hebei. The Liu family took root in Xingzhou. Liu Jiali served in two dynasties, with a distinguished family background. When Liu was born, he was handsome and ambitious. He was highly expected by his family since he was a child, and he was young and smart. He entered school at the age of eight and can recite hundreds of articles, so he became famous for a while.
Xingzhou, where Liu is located, is Xingzhou saved by Guan Zhong. Xingzhou has been the contact zone between grassland civilization and farming civilization since ancient times, and the people of Xingzhou are used to barbarians. During the Warring States Period, xing zhou was returned to Zhao, and the imperial edict of Zhao Wu Mausoleum was issued here. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Xingzhou was the capital of the post-Zhao Dynasty. During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Xingzhou set up our time. Therefore, Xingzhou is called "national corridor" by historians, and it is an important town of ethnic integration in the north, which is also the reason why the debate between Xingzhou and China is weak. ?
Liu Yizhi lived under the minority regime. Liao and Jin promoted the sinicization reform, respected Confucius, opened the imperial examination and studied Confucianism, but never learned the distinction between Chinese and foreigners. Therefore, the education Liu received from childhood lacked the content of the debate between China people and foreigners.
Liu's father used to be an official of the government. After Mongolia went south, he changed his home and changed his Mongolian account. After all, the Liu family is a Han Chinese and holds the local political power, so when Liu 13 years old, he was asked by the ruler to be a hostage in Marshal's House. Marshal House was the highest military institution in Jin Dynasty. Although Liu was a "proton", he was brilliant in the Jin Dynasty and had access to some military attache and dignitaries.
With the help of my father's network, Liu 17 entered our office in Xingtai and worked as a secretary.
Anyone who is ambitious and has a good plan will be very disgusted with the work of this kind of knife and pencil collector.
Liu Ye is no exception. He didn't like the job very much, so he resigned decisively and went to Wu 'an Mountain near his hometown to live in seclusion and began to learn Buddhism.
Later, he simply shaved his hair, was ordained, took the dharma name of "Zi Cong" and became a monk.
During his years as a monk, he has been studying everything, including astronomy, geography, legal history, Yin and Yang gossip, especially the Book of Changes and the Book of History. As a result, he not only knew everything about the world, but also lost his intelligence. He also traveled around and inspected the geography and customs of various places. After several years, he accumulated a lot of knowledge.
At this time, the land of China, Mongolia and the Southern Song Dynasty was tense, the country was divided and the people were in dire straits.
As the successor of Confucian culture, he wants to see the country unified, and he doesn't want mountains and rivers to be broken. He hopes to use his knowledge to help Mingjun rule the country and level the world. Only Kublai Khan could realize this ambition at that time.
At the age of 26, the opportunity finally appeared.
Kublai Khan recruited talents, and Liu quickly became the first counselor around Kublai Khan under the recommendation of Zen master Haiyun. At this time, Mongolia has not yet entered the Central Plains, and Kublai Khan has not yet acceded to the throne.
After Liu entered Kublai Khan's Palace, he first served as military affairs staff, followed Kublai Khan to the south three times (twice in Dali and once in the Southern Song Dynasty), and was in charge of military affairs staff and camping affairs according to the situation of mountains and rivers on the way to the army. Every time he captured a city, Liu advised Kublai Khan not to kill indiscriminately, "don't kill one person", so Kublai Khan had the best military discipline.
1259, Mongolian Khan died while attacking Hezhou, Sichuan. Kublai Khan was attacking Ezhou, Hubei. Hearing this news, at Liu's instigation, Kublai Khan immediately made peace with the Southern Song Dynasty and led his army back to his hometown to seize power. Then there was civil strife in Mongolia, Kublai Khan was stationed in Yanjing, and Kublai Khan's younger brother Ali Bug occupied the Mongolian plateau, and the two sides confronted each other. Kublai Khan has both the tenacity of Mongolian soldiers and the planning of elite think tanks such as Liu. Finally, Ali Bug was defeated at 1264, and Kublai Khan became the actual ruler of Mongolia.
Liu also did a famous thing in history, that is, to build Yanjing City, which is now the capital. At that time, the capital of the Mongolian empire was still in today's outer Mongolia, which was too far from the Central Plains. It really doesn't look like an orthodox dynasty that entered the Central Plains. Under Liu's design, the Mongols built the Beijing City, which laid the initial embryonic form of the Beijing City.
In the early days of the founding of Mongolia, there was neither a country name nor a year number. Genghis Khan didn't use the name of "Great Mongolia" until 1206, when People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded. 1260, after seven years of fighting with Kublai Khan, Dali and the Southern Song Dynasty basically perished and the Yuan Dynasty was established. At Liu's suggestion, Kublai Khan adopted the emperor system, calling himself "I", and the year of its establishment was "Zhong Tong", which means the opening of China. 127 1 year, Liu chose the word "Dayuan" in the sentence of "Dazai" in Zhouyi as the title of the new dynasty. This year, Kublai Khan issued an imperial edict to rename Mongolia "Dayuan", which is the origin of the title of the Yuan Dynasty. This title is completely Confucian, which dilutes the Han people's strangeness to the Mongolian regime.
Liu is offering Kublai Khan a plan to "rule the world well and support the people". He also formulated a set of laws and regulations for Dayuan according to the model of the Central Plains Dynasty, established a perfect state institution and bureaucracy, and promoted the political, economic and cultural development of the Yuan Dynasty. He recommended the wise men and veteran ministers of past dynasties to the official, and selected those who survived in Shan Ye.
Liu also participated in the issuance of banknotes in the Yuan Dynasty. At that time, Liu suggested to Kublai Khan that copper coins should be used for Yang and paper money for Yin. Huaxia, the area of Yangming; Desert, shady land. Now that your majesty is in the desert, if your master is in the palm of his hand, he should send paper money. Your majesty wants to tell future generations that if copper coins circulate, there will be no peace in the future.
As a result, the Yuan Dynasty became the first dynasty in history to use paper money as currency, and the Yuan Dynasty banned the circulation of heavy metals such as gold, silver and copper.
Liu made outstanding achievements and was highly valued and trusted by Kublai Khan. As mentioned above, Liu followed Kublai Khan to become a monk. Although he is very talented, he does not pursue fame and fortune, nor does he care about official salary. For a long time, he stood beside Kublai Khan as a monk. Later, Kublai Khan thought it was inappropriate, so he secularized Liu and changed his name to Liu. Not only gave him a beautiful house and fertile land, but also betrothed the daughter of Dou Mo, a bachelor of Hanlin, to him as his wife. Kublai Khan worshiped Dr. Guanglu of Wei Liu, and was the official of Taibao, who was in charge of the government affairs of Zhongshu Province.
Jea-won Yu's empire was like a duck to water. 1274 In August, the construction of Yuan Metropolis was still in full swing, and the chief designer of this city suddenly died of illness at the age of 59.
According to Yuan Shi, when he died, he "sat up and died without illness", just like a Taoist monk "sat up".
Kublai Khan was shocked to hear the news of Liu's sudden death. He felt sorry for the veteran who had been together for decades, and regretted that Liu, as the chief designer, could not see the final completion of Dadoucheng.
Kublai Khan was heartbroken and cried to the ministers: "Zhong Bing has been loyal to me for more than 30 years, being careful, not avoiding difficulties and obstacles, saying nothing, and having deep knowledge, but I know it well."
After Liu's death, Kublai Khan made him a Taifu and Zhao Guogong, and later generations made him a Taishi and Changshan King. This "Zheng Wen" is the highest posthumous title of ancient civil servants. In history, only a few outstanding ministers such as Fan Zhongyan and Zeng Guofan can win this honor. In addition, in the whole Yuan Dynasty, Liu was the only Chinese who could hold three titles, which showed his great achievements.
It can be said that without Liu, there would be no foundation of the Yuan Dynasty for nearly a hundred years. Therefore, Liu has always been called "the chief designer of the Yuan Empire". He assisted Kublai Khan in unifying China, practicing sinicization, moving from chaos to governance, from barbarism to civilization, and consolidating the great cause of unifying China in the Yuan Dynasty. Such a great achievement, but also clean and detached, live naturally.
After his success, he stopped coveting wealth and beauty. What he wants is not fame and fortune, or even the names of future generations. He just wants to prove himself, seek integrity for the world and strive for peace for the people.