Due to the complexity of psychological phenomenon itself, almost at the same time that Feng Te's structural psychology appeared, there was a debate about the appropriate theme and method of this new discipline. In the past 100 years, one hundred schools of thought have competed in the field of science, and there are hundreds of various schools of psychology. The eight major schools of psychology are organized as follows:
1, structural psychology: the content of learning psychology.
Representative figures: Feng Te and Tieqinna.
Theoretical limitations: Psychology is regarded as a pure science, which only studies the content of psychology itself and its actual existence, and does not discuss its significance and function, so it is extremely narrow.
2. Functionalism psychology: the purpose of studying psychology.
Representative figures: william james and john dewey.
John dewey initiated functionalist psychology under the impetus of Darwin's theory of evolution and James's pragmatism. It advocates that consciousness is a continuous whole, opposes the decomposition of consciousness into factors such as feelings and emotions, opposes taking psychology as a pure science, emphasizes the adaptive function and practical application of psychology, and emphasizes that psychology should study the functional role of psychology in adapting to the environment.
Theoretical limitation: it emphasizes the adaptation and function of psychological phenomena to the objective environment, and is not limited to the study of conscious experience.
3. Behavioral psychology: the study of visible behavior.
Representative: Watson Pavlov Skinner
Theoretical limitation: consciousness and behavior are absolutely opposite, and the absolute influence of behavior is emphasized unilaterally.
4. Gestalt Psychology: Psychology is a whole.
Representatives: Victor Harmo, Koehler, Koffka.
Theoretical limitation: regard the direct experience world as the only real and knowable world. Simplify all psychological problems into mathematical problems. This has actually violated the system view.
5. Consciousness analysis, psychoanalysis.
Representative: Freud
Theoretical limitations: a, universalism tendency; B, biological tendency; C, the theory has a strong subjective color.
6, humanistic psychology: people-oriented.
Representative figures: Rogers, Maslow
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory holds that human needs are divided into five levels, namely, physiological needs, security needs, love and belonging needs, respect needs and self-realization needs.
Humanism, which is obviously different from behaviorism and psychodynamics, is called the third power of psychology.
Theoretical limitation: ignoring the restriction and influence of the times and social environment on human innate potential.
7. Cognitive Psychology: Information Processing Psychology
Representative: Ulric Neisser.
8, physiological psychology
Postscript: preparing for the exam as a psychological counselor, the genre of psychology is a compulsory topic, and many names and concepts are very complicated. Through writing, it is clear and clear. When we were in class, the teacher talked about the schools of psychology, and the teacher made a joke. Which genre do you want to specialize in? Then carefully observe the representative's face, and you will be just like him. Jane friends, who do you want to be most? Welcome to leave a comment.
This article reads the bibliography: Psychology and Life and Basic Psychology. This is the seventh psychological reading notes of 100. Thank you for your company!
-End-
If this text is helpful to you, please don't forget to like and pay attention! thank you