Code for Valuation with Bill of Quantities of Construction Projects is a new mechanism of project cost formed by reforming project cost management by using market pricing mechanism in China's construction market, and gradually establishing government macro-control and orderly market competition. The reform of the valuation method of construction projects marks a major change in the project cost management in China from the traditional planning mode of "quantity and price integration" to the market mode of "quantity and price separation". I. Main Contents of Bill of Quantities Valuation Bill of Quantities Valuation refers to the comprehensive unit price including cost, profit and tax, which is put forward by the contractor according to the unified project setting (valuation project), unified measurement rules and the bill of quantities provided by the measurement unit in the prescribed format, combined with the actual situation of the project, market and enterprise, and after fully considering various risks, thus forming the project price. The bill of quantities is an integral part of the tender documents, which is compiled by the employer or its entrusted intermediary agency with engineering cost consulting qualification in accordance with the valuation method of the bill of quantities and the relevant provisions of the tender documents, and according to the construction design drawings and the actual situation of the construction site. The total project cost priced by bill of quantities consists of partial project cost, measure project cost, other project cost, fees and taxes. The project cost in the bill of quantities refers to the expenses required to complete the construction design drawings and listed in the bill of quantities; The project cost of measures refers to the technical, living and safety expenses incurred by non-engineering entity projects before and during the project construction to complete the project construction; Expenses refer to the expenses included in the project cost with the approval of the state and the provincial government, such as engineering quota determination fees and labor insurance fees; Other project fees include preparation fees and sporadic work project fees. Tax refers to the expenses included in the project cost according to the provisions of tax laws and regulations. Second, the necessity of bidding with bill of quantities 1. The bill of quantities embodies the principle of fair competition in bidding. As the bill of quantities is an integral part of the tender documents, it includes partial projects, measures, other project names and corresponding lists of the proposed project, which are uniformly provided by the tenderer, effectively ensuring the consistency of the competitive basis of bidders, providing the basis for fair competition for bidders and embodying the principle of fair competition in bidding. 2. The tender with bill of quantities embodies the principle of reasonable risk sharing. Due to the characteristics of the construction project itself, there are many uncertain factors and changing factors in the project. Project construction is risky. When bidding by bill of quantities, the tenderee is only responsible for the unit price and expenses it quoted, and is not responsible for the change of quantities or calculation errors, and this part of the risks shall be borne by the owner. That is to say, the principle that whoever causes the risk should bear the responsibility should be followed, so the bidding of bill of quantities conforms to the principle of reasonable risk sharing. 3. Bidding with bill of quantities is conducive to scientific and fair bid evaluation, which should reflect the fairness and rationality of bidding, and bid evaluation and calibration is the most critical link. As a part of the bidding documents, the tender with bill of quantities is open and unified, which is conducive to analyzing and comparing the bidding prices of bidders and truly selecting the winning bidder. 4. Bidding with bill of quantities is conducive to controlling engineering claims. In the traditional bidding method, the phenomenon of "winning the bid at a low price and claiming compensation at a high price" is common, in which design change, on-site visa, technical measures cost and price are the main contents of the claim. Because the comprehensive unit price of a single project is not adjusted due to the changes of engineering quantity, construction difficulty, construction technical measures and costs, the tender with bill of quantities plays an important role in controlling project claims. 5. The tender with bill of quantities reflects the comprehensive strength of the enterprise. Because there is an inevitable relationship between quality and time limit, cost and time limit, bidding enterprises must comprehensively consider all the expenses required to complete the bill of quantities specified in the bidding documents, not only considering the actual situation of the project itself, but also requiring enterprises to implement plans such as progress, quality, time limit and management technology in the quotation of listed projects, so as to truly reflect the comprehensive strength of enterprises in the competition. 6. Shorten the bidding period, avoid duplication of labor, implement bill of quantities bidding, give full play to the role of existing quantities in pre-tender estimate, avoid repeated budgeting by tenderers, auditors and bidders, save a lot of people, materials and materials, shorten the bidding time, improve efficiency, overcome the negative impact caused by mistakes, and be accurate, reasonable and fair, which is convenient for practical operation. 7. It is a common practice in the world to integrate the bidding of bill of quantities with the international practice. Comparing the cost systems of Britain, the United States and Japan, there is a similarity, that is, the government does not have a unified pricing standard, and the price is determined by the market. In Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, foreign financial institutions' loan projects and government agencies' loan projects are generally priced by bill of quantities in bidding.
Three. Basic method of bidding with bill of quantities 1. After the completion of the engineering scheme, preliminary design or part of the construction drawing design, the tenderee can calculate and list the bill of quantities (including the description of relevant construction contents) of each division and subdivisional work according to the unified rules for the calculation of quantities, and distribute it to all bidders as an integral part of the tender documents. The thickness and accuracy of its bill of quantities depend on the design depth of the project and the technical level and experience of the compilers. In the bidding method of bill of quantities, the first function of bill of quantities is to provide a bidding basis for bidders to use; Second, it is convenient for bid evaluation, calibration and price comparison; The third is to pay the project progress payment; The fourth is the basis for adjusting the total contract price and project settlement. 2. It is stipulated in the project bidding documents or the construction contract that the comprehensive unit price of the bid of the winning bidder will not be adjusted during settlement; But when the actual construction quantity exceeds a certain range compared with the original quantity, it can be adjusted according to the actual situation, that is, the quantity and price are not adjusted. For unforeseeable engineering construction contents, the principle of determining the unit price of virtual engineering bidding or supplementary comprehensive unit price in clear settlement can be implemented. Problems to be discussed in bill of quantities 1 bidding. How to determine the reasonable low price of the project is a complex problem. According to the bidding law, reasonable low price and not less than cost are two criteria for measuring and evaluating bidding quotation. Regarding the bid price cannot be lower than the bid cost, the cost here refers to the bidder's own cost, but due to the uncertainty of the bidder's cost, this standard is difficult to grasp in actual operation. 2. How to reasonably allocate the weight of economic and technical indicators under the premise of ensuring quality, so as to obtain the price that the owner is satisfied with. Winning the bid with low price will lead to the risk of poor quality, and winning the bid with high quality will lead to the high risk of unreasonable price. In order to reflect the price competition, the proportion of commercial targets should generally account for 70%, and float accordingly according to the characteristics of the project. For the construction face with simple structure and relatively mature construction method and technology, the weight of commercial target can be100%; For projects with complex structure and great technical difficulty, in order to avoid the construction unit winning the bid at low price and affecting the project quality, the weight of technical bidding should be increased. V. Implementation of BOQ Valuation In order to implement BOQ valuation well, I think the following work should be done well: (1) accurate compilation of BOQ; (2) Establish internal quota; (3) Strengthening information construction; (4) Improve the quality of cost personnel; (5) The risks of both parties to the contract should be shared reasonably. In a word, the implementation of bill of quantities quotation is a major reform of engineering cost valuation method in China and the need of market economy development. In the early stage of bidding based on bill of quantities, there will always be problems of one kind or another. As long as the relevant management departments improve the laws and regulations in time and the tendering units take corresponding measures in time, the bidding work will be done well.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd