The plane layout, spatial organization, section and door and window design of the building should be conducive to organizing indoor natural ventilation. It is suitable to simulate the indoor wind environment of buildings by computer and optimize the scheme of natural ventilation system.
The main rooms of the building should be mainly natural ventilation. Living room and bedroom of residential building should be naturally ventilated. The kitchen and bathroom design of residential buildings should be based on natural ventilation, and each house should have at least one bathroom with natural ventilation; Kitchen and toilet should be equipped with auxiliary smoke exhaust facilities. Elevator, stairwell, corridor and other public spaces should be mainly natural ventilation.
In summer, the main rooms should face the dominant wind direction, and indoor ventilation should be adopted to avoid unilateral ventilation. Residential building design should make use of the natural conditions of the site, and reasonably design the building shape, building area, area ratio of window to wall and window opening mode, so that each house can get good natural ventilation.
1) The orientation of main rooms such as bedroom, living room and study room should be within the range of southeast 15 to southwest 15 and should not exceed the range of 45 from southeast to 30 from southwest;
2) The main room should be set in the upwind direction, and the kitchen and bathroom should be set in the downwind direction.
3) The ratio of room depth to floor height is appropriate, so that the room with through flow can be ≤5, and the room with unilateral ventilation can be ≤2.5. 6.4.4 Natural ventilation design in hot summer and cold winter areas should consider winter protection measures.
The position, orientation and opening mode of external windows should be designed reasonably according to the requirements of energy-saving design and lighting design. The opening area of external windows should meet the requirements of current national and local relevant standards and specifications. The total openable area of external windows of residential buildings should not be less than 8% of the room area where the external windows are located or 45% of the area of external windows. The design of external windows of public buildings should comprehensively consider the requirements of energy-saving ventilation and lighting, and the openable area should not be less than 30% of the window area. It is not advisable to design a fully enclosed glass curtain wall. The building curtain wall should be provided with openable parts or ventilation devices, and the openable area should not be less than 10% of the transparent area of the curtain wall.
The following measures can be taken to strengthen natural ventilation in buildings:
1) When the layout of the building adopts peripheral layout and non-street-facing residence, the design form of overhead on the first floor or air duct between units should be adopted; Increase the natural ventilation effect of residential areas and buildings. The raised floor should be combined with public greening and public service facilities.
2) For buildings with large plane space, measures such as patio and atrium should be designed. In suitable seasons, stack effect should be used to guide hot-pressing ventilation to enhance the effect of natural ventilation.
3) The measures to induce airflow such as wind guiding wall, wind catching window, ventilation shaft and solar ventilation pipe should be adopted in the building.
Underground space should make full use of the terrain, combined with the needs of functional space characteristics, take the following measures to strengthen the natural ventilation effect:
1) Design a semi-basement with direct ventilation;
2) A sunken courtyard is set locally in the basement;
3) The basement should be provided with ventilation shafts and window shafts.
When outdoor environment is unfavorable, natural ventilation measures should be considered. When using the ventilator, there should be a convenient and flexible switch adjustment device, which should be easy to operate and maintain, and should have filtering and sound insulation measures.
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