Family social work is "family-oriented social work intervention, that is, social welfare services that mobilize social and family resources and promote the normal operation and development of families". Then, the following is a case of family social work service I brought, and you are welcome to read it for reference.
I. Cases
Li Fen is an ordinary rural woman, nearly thirty years old. My husband has worked in other places for many years and seldom goes home. He often smokes and drinks and has a hobby of gambling. I can't afford much money to go home every year. Li Fen does all farm work at home, such as farming, raising pigs and cattle, but the ability of women is limited, and the final income at home is not much. In addition, I have to take care of my daughter at school and my sick mother-in-law, which is the economic pillar of my family.
Li Fen's father-in-law died when her husband was very young, and her mother-in-law raised her son alone, with only one son. Li Fen and her husband only have one daughter, who is usually taken care of by Li Fen, so the relationship between mother and daughter is particularly good. Due to the influence of traditional ideas, both her mother-in-law and her husband hoped that Li Fen would have another boy, but Li Fen herself was never pregnant because of her heavy burden of life and weak feelings with her husband. Therefore, the husband and mother-in-law are always cruel. The husband even threatens to divorce if he can't have a boy, and sometimes beats her. Li Fen can't get her husband's care, and she feels useless and can't lift her head in the village.
Li Fen, who is introverted, complained to her good sisters in the village, and everyone sympathized with her. There are many women who have been beaten like her in the village, but everyone thinks that the family's dirty laundry should not be published, and they all choose patience and silence. Li Fen has looked for the director of the Women's Federation and the police at the police station. They all did the work of the Li Fen family, but they didn't succeed. The villagers secretly discussed telling outsiders about their family affairs, and refused to give Li Fen any help on the grounds that "it is difficult for an honest official to decide family affairs".
Li Fen felt very tired and had the idea of divorce. However, both parents live in their younger brother's house. Where can they take their daughter after divorce? She thought about suicide, but she gave up the idea when she thought that her daughter's son had no mother. She felt helpless and had to accept her fate.
Not long ago, a social work service agency provided services in villages in Li Fen. After a period of wait-and-see and understanding, Li Fen came to the agency for help.
Second, the problem of the case owner.
First of all, although Li Fen is a married woman, she has no normal married life. Due to financial difficulties, her husband went out to work, so she had to separate from him. And my husband has many bad habits. Although going out to work is to make up for the family's financial difficulties, all the expenses of smoking, drinking and gambling have not lightened the family's burden, but increased the burden of Li Fen.
Secondly, Li Fen bears all the burdens of the family at home, but just because she didn't add a man to the family, her mother-in-law and her husband treated Li Fen coldly, and her husband even used violence against Li Fen, which made Li Fen feel strongly helpless and powerless.
Thirdly, Li Fen's environment is rural, and influenced by traditional ideas, women who are beaten like Li Fen and can't even have boys will have negative comments; Although Li Fen knew how to protect his rights and found the village women's federation and the police station, it was useless. On the contrary, she formed a negative experience in the process of interacting with the external environment, which deepened her sense of powerlessness and inferiority both at home and in the external environment.
Finally, for Li Fen, the best solution that can be thought of is to divorce and live alone, because from Li Fen, we can see many resource advantages. For example, Li Fen can bear hardships and stand hard work. She is the economic pillar of her family. She can manage everything in an orderly way and is more capable. Li Fen knows the law. Compared with other women who keep silent about their husbands, Li Fen knows how to defend her rights. However, for Li Fen, the various situations she will face after the divorce are difficult and unfavorable to her daughter's growth, so she still needs careful consideration. All these reasons make Li Fen unable to make a choice, and her mood is very unstable. These obstacles in the macro environment make it difficult for her to act effectively in society.
Third, the main problems solved in the case and the causes of the problems.
1. The relationship between husband and wife is tense. According to the structural family theory, the whole family differentiates and performs family functions through various subsystems, among which the core system is the husband and wife subsystem. As far as Li Fen's family is concerned, the core of a series of problems in the whole family is the disharmony between husband and wife. Li Fen's husband ignored his family and didn't use the money for going out to work. Instead, he used it to meet his personal needs and failed to fulfill his obligations as a husband. Li Fen was very dissatisfied with this, so the couple were bound to blame each other. As a result, the relationship became very stiff.
2. The relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law is tense. Li Fen's husband was brought up by her mother-in-law, who was an only child. Mother and son have a good relationship, and mother-in-law dotes on her son. From the perspective of structural family theory, she belongs to the entangled type (as shown below), and the boundary between the two is unclear and very loose. Besides, Li Fen never gave birth to a boy, and her mother-in-law complained more and more about Li Fen, which led to the tension between them.
3. Poor communication within the family. According to Satya's classification of bad communication, Li Fen's family belongs to the type of mutual accusation in bad communication. Faced with these problems at home, as far as the relationship between husband and wife is concerned, Li Fen's husband and Li Fen not only can't communicate effectively, but always treat Li Fen coldly, accuse Li Fen, and sometimes solve the problem through violence; As far as the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law is concerned, mother-in-law regards "whether she can have a son" as the criterion for evaluating whether her daughter-in-law is qualified, ignoring Li Fen's long-term contribution to the family, completely ignoring Li Fen's feelings and putting herself in a high position; As far as Li Fen is concerned, after the incident, she didn't take the initiative to communicate with her husband and mother-in-law, which made things more and more serious.
4. Negative influence of external environment. According to the perspective of social conflict theory, when we analyze and deal with family conflicts, we should not only treat them as internal family affairs, but also combine social structure to find the root causes and solutions. Li Fen himself has a certain concept of safeguarding rights, but after many times of asking for help, he didn't get any help. On the contrary, because of her help, she caused friction with the external environment and made herself feel powerless and helpless.
Fourth, the service plan
(A) service objectives
1. Help families in Li Fen to understand and remove the bad structure that hinders family function and replace it with a more sound structure, that is, rebuild the family structure. Change the original rigid, outdated and inappropriate family structure, so that the whole family can constantly update the responsibility system in the family with the change of time, instead of blindly following the habits and rules. In this process, everyone can see their own value and improve their personal ability.
2. Through treatment, let the family present a benign communication way, that is, a communication way of taking care of themselves, others and the situation at the same time. In this way of communication, Li Fen families can improve their ability to solve problems, reasonably solve contradictions, correctly face the relationship between husband and wife, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, and promote family members to live in harmony.
3. For Li Fen herself, help her to know herself correctly, encourage and guide her, help her to establish a positive self-concept, enhance her sense of self-identity and face life correctly.
(B) service concept
1. Family life cycle theory holds that the task of family development is to successfully meet people's growth needs, and taking responsibility will lead to unhappy family life and bring difficulties to the family's own development. In this case, the family failed to meet the needs and expectations of family members at this stage, leading to rising contradictions. Through the family life cycle theory, we can evaluate the family more quickly and confirm which stage of development the family is in, and some problems and pressures it faces.
2. Family system theory holds that the pain or problems of a family member are not only his own affairs, but may be the symptoms of the system in which he interacts with other members. As a system, all the components of the family interact with each other. Like this case, Li Fen's pain is caused by the relationship between husband and wife, the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, the external environment and other factors. In fact, this kind of pain or problem is not only caused by Li Fen, but also by her husband and mother-in-law, including Li Fen's daughter.
3. From the perspective of social conflict theory, when we analyze and deal with family conflicts, we should not only treat them as internal family affairs, but also combine social structure to find the root causes and solutions. After turning to the Women's Federation and the police station for help, Li Fen's negative influence also had a great impact on the family conflicts in Li Fen. Rural people often find this kind of thing shameful, and then the contradictions increase.
4. Symbolic interaction theory emphasizes the value system of people, that is, the influence of cognition on family events and behaviors, and emphasizes the important role of communication methods in family relations. Li Fen's lack of communication with her husband and mother-in-law has affected the relationship of the whole family.
5. Structured family therapy theory holds that many interaction modes in the family combine to form a family structure. Family structure is some habits and rules for family members to get along with each other day and night, but with the passage of time, this habit has become rigid and outdated and needs to be adjusted in time. The family in Li Fen has been a family structure model for a long time, which can not meet the needs of current family members.
6. Satya believes that human nature is good, and if people can develop normally, the impetuousness of human nature will come into play; People have potential for development. As long as there are suitable opportunities and environments, people's potential can be fully developed. People have enough internal abilities and resources to solve problems, but the experience of growing up may make people forget their abilities and resources or use them incorrectly. Therefore, it is of great significance for therapists to appreciate, encourage and discover the potential and resources of families seeking help and help families solve problems.
(3) Theoretical support
1. Family life cycle theory
2. Family system theory
3. Social conflict theory
4. Symbolic interaction theory
5. Structured family therapy theory
6. Satya's family therapy theory
IV) Specific plans
After understanding the case, the social worker made a preliminary treatment plan for Li Fen's family:
Specifically, intervention strategies:
1. When receiving the case.
When accepting a case, we first need to get in touch with Li Fen's family, that is, meet them. This is a small meeting. Social workers need to pay attention to the seat position of each family member after entering the conference room, so that social workers can see the general relationship between family members.
Then, social workers should ask some questions to all family members, and from the process of their answering questions, they can know more clearly where the family conflicts are and what kind of system the family is. In this process, there must be some subtle expressions between family members. If someone doesn't want to talk, they always like to be silent, and the more powerful characters in the family will answer or rob others of their questions. In this case, social workers should take certain coercive measures, or ask the silent person to speak, or ask the interviewer to be silent, and so on.
2. During the treatment.
Social workers should pay attention to personal skills in treatment. There are mainly two ways to deal with it: one is heart-to-heart, including individual heart-to-heart talks and symposiums, and the other is to promote communication among members through games.
(1) talks
In individual conversations, social workers can ask the members who are talking, for example, what they think is the most important conflict in the family and what caused it. Another example: What do you think of Li Fen's husband's drinking and gambling, unable to support his family's economy? Different people will have different views on these issues.
In the forum, they can put forward problems that they all think can't be solved, let them discuss the solutions with their usual communication methods, and let them realize how the usual communication methods between family members cause some sticking points in family relations.
When returning to individual conversations, let them play the role of others. For example, if her mother-in-law can't understand Li Fen, let her mother-in-law stand in Li Fen's perspective and consider why she doesn't want to have a second child; Li Fen couldn't understand her mother-in-law, so she asked Li Fen to stand in her mother-in-law's position and think about what kind of grandson she wanted. This role exchange can help family members understand each other's feelings, help them try new ways of communication and promote family harmony. In the whole process, family members should not feel neglected.
(2) Games
In the early stage of treatment, you can play "nonverbal communication", divide mother-in-law and Li Fen into one group, and Li Fen's husband and daughter into two groups, so that they can introduce themselves to each other, but there must be no verbal communication during the whole introduction. You can use action, expression, hand time, painting, eyes and a series of ways. Talk for 2 minutes, and then let both sides talk about each other's situation orally with less body language, and compare it with the actual situation to see if it is true.
The purpose of this game is to help everyone realize the importance of communication in the game, and tell us that proper nonverbal communication can help us better understand each other's meaning, while poor expression sometimes hinders our communication; Non-verbal communication is different from verbal communication, which will lead to ambiguity. For example, if you just touch your stomach and say you are hungry, the other person may understand that you have a stomachache. When you say you are sleepy, the other person may think you don't want to talk to him. Therefore, in this kind of communication, many jokes will often be made, so that families can have a relaxed and happy environment, so as to achieve the purpose of communication.
There is also "Tell you loudly", each person 10 candy. For each candy, tell the other person what you admire about him/her. Until the sugar arrives. This game allows everyone to express their appreciation for their families and let them see the advantages of their families, instead of blaming each other blindly, which is conducive to role exchange.
3. At the time of closing the case
On the one hand, the social worker's evaluation of the treatment effect is mainly to look back to see whether the whole treatment process has a significant effect on the family, whether the original indifferent interaction between family members in Li Fen has changed, and whether the attitude of mother-in-law and husband towards Li Fen's pregnancy has changed. On the other hand, social workers should pay attention to the parting mood when the case is finally closed, and pay attention to the sensitivity of family members to family status. In the state of gradually getting rid of social workers, it is necessary to observe whether the interactive mode formed during their treatment can continue and whether it is effective. Li Fen found a social worker only after a long wait-and-see, so she should pay attention to tracking the whole family after closing the case, and to deal with these problems, social workers should take some emergency measures, make preparations for thinking and unexpected problems, adjust their plans in time, prevent them from returning to their previous state, and tell their families that he will help them again when they need social workers.
Expand:
A practical report on adolescent family education and summer social work.
First, find the problem.
With the development of the times and the progress of society, people pay more and more attention to children's education, and farmers' ideological consciousness is also improved imperceptibly, so is children's higher education. But in addition to the exam-oriented education in schools, family education has also brought more and more educational disadvantages.
(A) Several extreme methods of investigation: interview.
First, find the problem.
With the development of the times and the progress of society, people pay more and more attention to children's education, and farmers' ideological consciousness is also improved imperceptibly, so is children's higher education. But in addition to the exam-oriented education in schools, family education has also brought more and more educational disadvantages.
Several extreme educational methods
1 blind type
Some parents blindly believe that they must read more books, do more problems and attend cram schools ... The schedule is full, and they simply don't consider the combination of work and rest for their children, and make purposeful and planned study plans according to their own conditions. Parents only know how to make money to meet their children's learning, blindly ask their children according to their own wishes, and let them complete their unfinished or unfinished dreams, which eventually makes their children lose their independent ability and can only listen to their parents' blind command.
2 Drift with flow type
The so-called 360 lines make a difference, but some parents just hope that their children can make a difference in these 360 lines and train their children into omnipotent modern talents. But in today's society, ordinary people account for the majority, and the so-called superman like that is limited after all. It's easy to turn ordinary people's children into superman. According to the survey, this 18-year-old girl signed up for many classes at her mother's will. In addition to attending classes at school, she has to attend math and olympiad classes on Wednesday afternoon, English classes on Friday afternoon, dance classes on Saturday morning, oral English classes in the afternoon, piano classes on Sunday morning, and Ruan and swimming classes in the afternoon. When I was only eight years old, I lost the happiness of my childhood and spent every day like this. The little girl is unhappy and doesn't like some musical instruments, but she must learn them because her mother told her to. The reason given by her mother is that everyone else learns and we can't lag behind others. If we want to be better than others, we must know more than others.
3 laissez-faire type
Money is not everything, but you can't do anything without money. Some parents try their best to make money so that their children can have a better tomorrow. They are busy with their work and career, adopt a policy of indifference to their children, completely give them freedom, but ignore how important love is to them. Maybe some children are persistent enough to learn to be independent and become strong in life. But for some children with strong self-reliance and weak will, the lack of fatherly love and maternal love may cast a shadow on their hearts, and they will feel abandoned. Under the temptation of the outside world, they go astray, and some may go to the point of no return and become problem of juvenile. Some parents also believe that children's performance depends entirely on congenital genetic factors and has nothing to do with their parents' education. Everything is predestined, so they don't care about their children's tutoring. Three points are predestined, and seven points depend on hard work. Such parents can only be said to be irresponsible.
(B) A few negative learning degrees
1 Be obedient
Some students have been strictly educated by their parents since childhood, and they will be criticized if they are slightly disobedient. Over time, their own resistance will be exhausted. Parents' words are like imperial edicts. They do whatever they are told, and they depend entirely on their parents for what they are not allowed to do. But this is not a long-term solution. Parents always leave us, and everything depends on ourselves.
2 laissez-faire type
I remember one of my classmates, from primary school to junior high school, has been among the best in academic performance and has become the darling of teachers and classmates. It would be nice to keep going like this, but after all, there are mountains outside the mountains and people outside. When I was in high school in the county, I met many opponents, all of whom were better than her. This treatment seems to have changed from heaven to hell. How can she stand such an experience? She always thought that others looked down on her and laughed at her, and she gave up halfway because she couldn't stand it.
3 types of broken cans and broken rates
Some students with poor qualifications have not achieved the expected results after their efforts the day after tomorrow, or their grades are average and there is no improvement, so they give up on their own initiative and stop insisting, holding the idea that I can't do it. From good to bad, it can only get worse every day, and gradually start to get tired of learning, start to play truant, and eventually lead to dropping out of school. Some are addicted to the internet and even embark on the road of illegal crimes. The facts also confirm this point. The proportion of juvenile delinquency is high, and there are countless dropouts.
Second, analyze the problem.
(A) parental analysis
1 It is not advisable for parents to oppress their children blindly. Such children live under a high-pressure policy since childhood, which is not conducive to the healthy development of body and mind. Imagine putting pressure on children from the time they are a little sensible. If they live in such an atmosphere every day, who can stand it? They can only listen to the arrangement, and have no courage or time to dream their own dreams, let alone exercise their own way of survival. Slowly, they may even lose themselves and have to rely on their parents.
For parents who give their children "independence" completely, it seems extreme to think that children should cultivate self-awareness from an early age, rely on themselves in everything, and adopt a policy of ignoring them accordingly. What children need most is the love of their parents. Parents' neglect will make children mistakenly think that no one has loved them since childhood, leaving a shadow in their hearts. Without this greatest love, they will feel lonely and have negative emotions of autism. This is not a long-term solution.
(B) Youth analysis
1 Children who have lived under the umbrella of their parents for a long time are accustomed to the days of "not listening to things outside the window and concentrating on reading sage books". They have parents to take care of everything, so they don't have to worry about themselves, just live their lives comfortably, just follow their parents' instructions step by step, and don't need to set big goals and ideals by themselves. These are all too tired. Some parents are too strong and their opposition is invalid, so they have to yield in obscurity and take the road arranged by their parents.
Nowadays, left-behind children have also become a hot issue of social concern. I have lived with my grandparents since I was a child, and I haven't seen my parents for a year or even years. It seems that reuniting with parents has become the dream of these children. They yearn for their parents' love from the bottom of their hearts, but this is what they lack, which makes them feel that they are always living on the edge of helplessness and loneliness. They don't want to communicate with others, and they have developed the habit of being withdrawn. They live in the shadow of insecurity for a long time and cannot get a good family education. This is the lack of parents.
Third, solve the problem.
(A) to solve the problems of parents
1 Understanding children As they get older, parents cannot fully understand their children. The great success of teenagers' rebellious psychology has a great relationship with parents' ideological differences on their children, which leads to a growing generation gap. At this time, parents should not go their own way, educate their children completely according to their own wishes, make concessions accordingly, solve problems peacefully, listen to their children's voices as good listeners and help them as friends.
2 respect children
Everyone knows that the role of strength is mutual, and so is respect. If you want others to respect yourself, you must first learn to respect others, as do parents and children. Although children, they also have self-esteem and respect. Parents don't care about their children's feelings and let them do things they don't want to do. This is a kind of rebellious psychology, and parents don't get the respect they deserve.
(2) solving children's problems
1 empathy
Impulse is the devil. Teenagers are the most easily excited and emotionally unstable. During the period of rebellious judgment, it is inevitable to have conflicts with parents, but we must take the word "forbearance" as the first priority and learn to put ourselves in the other's shoes. Don't ignore your parents' words. Everything parents do is for their own good! Calm down and think about their original intentions from the standpoint of their parents. After all, their social experience is very rich. Don't waste your parents' efforts! Even if our parents' methods are unreasonable, we should sit down calmly and negotiate with our parents and reason with them, so as to reach an agreement and solve the problem together.
;