2. Formula and motion state.
3. Complete information: information on the epistemological level, taking into account the external form, internal meaning and utility value of the way things exist and the state of motion. Grammatical information only considers formal elements. Semantic information only considers content elements. Pragmatic information only considers utility factors.
4. The information theory represented by Shennong studies pure grammatical information.
5. Data is a physical symbol of load or recorded information arranged and combined according to certain rules.
6. The three pillar resources of contemporary society: information, material and energy.
7. There are three levels of social informatization: ① Informatization of production tools (knowledge-intensive through automatic control); ② Informatization of social productive forces system (realized by automatic control of production industries, departments and even the whole national economy); ③ Informatization of social life (realized through communication system, consulting industry and other facilities).
8. "Three Gold" projects: Jinqiao, Golden Card and Golden Crown.
9. The essence of information management is an activity in which human beings comprehensively adopt technical, economic, policy, legal and humanistic methods and means to control information flow, so as to improve information utilization efficiency and maximize information utility value.
10 communication. * * * Time: Internet, telephone, fax, telegraph, radio, television, postal service, body posture, spoken language, semaphore, bonfire. Diachronic communication: burning CDs, copying floppy disks, recording, video recording, painting, documents and archives, historical sites, cultural relics and spoken English.
1 1. Information exchange must be the purpose of both parties. The speaker has no intention, the listener has intention, and the wall has ears, not information exchange.
12. Information stack is divided into time stack and space stack according to its functional characteristics.
13. There are four ways to transmit information: ① Multi-directional active transmission. Like handing out leaflets. ② One-way active propagation. ③ Multi-directional passive transmission. Such as libraries and clinics. ④ One-way passive propagation. For example, information consultation.
14. Three conservation of information transmission: S information conservation (transmission conservation), R information conservation (reception conservation) and T information conservation (transmission conservation).
15. The condition of the law of multidirectional symmetry is that information propagates in a uniform medium. When this condition fails, the extension principle of multidirectional symmetry is derived: ① the topological principle of information transmission; ② Multi-channel propagation law.
16. The information transmission density decreases, and the information decays in time and space.
17. In fact, the time and space in the process of information exchange are manifested in four aspects: carrier conversion, carrier displacement, symbol conversion and symbol preservation.
18. Information distortion includes physical distortion, semantic change and pragmatic attenuation.
19. The main causes of information distortion: ① technical or channel obstacles lead to information distortion, such as signal interruption, noise interference, machine failure, etc. ② Too much information overlapping leads to distortion, such as printing errors and oral communication tests. (3) social factors lead to information distortion, such as burning books and burying Confucianism. (4) Natural factors lead to information distortion, such as fire, flood, document mildew, tape aging, etc.