-Clarification, explanation, emotional reflection and summary
(Compiled from the sixth edition of Counseling Strategies of Psychological Counselors, Light Industry Press)
I. Clarification:
(1) Definition:
Describe in detail "vague, ambiguous or obscure sentences in the text"
(2) Purpose:
1. Encourage help seekers to describe in more detail.
2. Check the accuracy of the information you hear from the helper.
3. Explain vague and confusing information.
(3) step:
1. Confirm the content of the helper's verbal and non-verbal information.
What did the helper say to me?
2. Confirm any vague or confusing information that needs to be checked.
Is there anything that needs further verification or omission in the information of the helper? If so, what are they? If not, decide the next more appropriate response.
3. Determine the appropriate opening remarks.
How do I begin to clarify the reaction? For example, "Can you describe …" "Can you clarify …" "What do you mean …" and so on. , in a questioning tone.
4. Evaluate the effect of clarification reaction by listening and observing the reaction of the helper.
How do I know that my clarification response is effective?
Second, interpretation:
(1) Definition:
Re-interpretation of the cognitive part of language information of help-seekers.
* Note: Express the main ideas of clients in the language of consultants; Not "parrot talk"; Choose your words carefully; It can lead to further discussion or increase the understanding of the information cognition part of the helper.
(2) Purpose:
1 Let customers know that the consultant has understood their information.
2. Help seekers to further explain some key viewpoints or ideas and let them discuss an important topic in depth.
3. Using explanation can help the helper pay more attention to important special situations, events, thoughts and behaviors without being distracted.
4. It can help people who need to make decisions, because repeating keywords and ideas will make the essence of the problem appear.
(3) step:
1. The counselor should repeat or recall the information of the helper in his mind.
What did he tell me?
2. Ask yourself, "What kind of situations, people, objects or thoughts exist in his information?" To identify the content part in the information.
What is the content of the information? That is: what person, object, idea or situation is the helper discussing?
3. Choose appropriate sentences to explain. Choose a sentence that is close to the sensory vocabulary used by the helper.
What appropriate statement should I use? (see P9 1, table 5.2)
4. Use the selected sentence to express the main content or concept of the information of the helper in your own language. This is a declarative sentence.
How to express the main content of the helper in my own language?
5. Evaluate the effect of your own explanation by listening and observing the reaction of the helper.
How do I know my explanation is useful?
Third, emotional reflection:
(1) Definition:
Re-interpretation of the emotional part of the speech information of the help-seekers.
(2) Purpose:
1. Encourage help seekers to express more (positive and negative) feelings about special situations, people or things.
2. Help those who ask for help to control their emotions.
3. Reduce the possibility of emotional conflict between help seekers and psychological counselors. (only applicable to help seekers who express negative emotions to psychological counselors)
4. Help the helper to accurately distinguish different emotional feelings.
5. Let the helper feel understood by the consultant.
* Note: Emotional response is the main language tool to convey basic feelings (as opposed to advanced feelings).
(3) Specific means to convey * * * feelings (see P94 for details):
1. indicates understanding.
2. Discuss what the helper thinks is important.
3. Use language to express customers' feelings (exchangeable or basic * * * feelings).
4. Use verbal links or supplementary helpers to express ambiguous information (additional * * * feelings or advanced * * * feelings).
(4) step:
Emotional response is a difficult skill to master because emotions are often ignored or misunderstood. It includes six steps, the most important of which is to determine the emotional tone in communication and reflect the feelings of the clients in the counselor's own language.
1. Pay attention to the emotional words used in the information of the helper.
What kind of love words did the helper use?
2. Pay attention to nonverbal behavior when observing the channel verbal information of the helper.
What kind of feelings do the helper's voice and nonverbal behavior imply?
3. Counselors use their own language to reflect the feelings gained from verbal and nonverbal clues to the clients. Choosing reflective words is a key step to the success of emotional reflection skills.
What kind of emotional words can accurately describe the emotional level of help seekers? (See P96, Table 5.3: five classifications, three intensities, and P97, Table 5.4, Table 5.2).
4. Start an emotional reaction with an appropriate sentence.
What is the appropriate sentence that matches the emotional vocabulary used by the helper?
5. adding the scene when the emotion occurs to the sentence is very similar to a simple explanation reaction.
What is the situation of the mood of the helper?
6. Evaluate whether the consultant's response is effective.
How to know whether your emotional response is accurate and helpful?
Fourth, summary:
(1) Definition:
Use two or more explanations or emotional reactions to condense the information of the helper and respond to the conversation topic of the helper.
(2) Purpose:
1. Connect multiple elements in helper information.
2. After obtaining some information or consulting for many times, determine the theme or mode that is gradually clear.
3. Interrupt the redundant statements of the clients and guide the direction of the consultation meeting.
4. Adjust the pace of consultation, not too fast.
(3) step:
1. Pay attention to and recall the information expressed by the helper and repeat it in your mind.
What did the rescuers tell me today and in the past? What are the key contents and emotions contained in this information?
2. Ask yourself some questions to find out the obvious patterns, themes or multiple elements in the information.
What are the patterns and themes that seekers have repeatedly emphasized today and in the past?
3. Use the selected sentences and words to describe the theme of the information, connect various factors, and tell the helper the summary. Use declarative sentences.
4. Evaluate the effect of the summary by listening and observing whether the seeker affirms or denies the theme of the summary and whether the summary strengthens or weakens the direction of consultation.
How do I know if my summary is valid?
Five, practice:
(1) Helper (35-year-old widow, mother of two children): When my husband died, my whole life collapsed. I have never been sure if I have the ability to live and raise children by myself. My husband used to make all the decisions. He takes money home every week. I haven't slept well for a long time now, and I have drunk too much-sometimes I can't think directly. My relatives helped me as much as possible, but I was still afraid.
1. Clarification:
What did the helper say to me?
Is there any vague or missing information to check? If so, what is it? (If not, decide to react differently)
How do I begin to clarify the reaction?
What is the actual clarification answer? (Answer P86)
2. Explain:
What did she say to me?
What is the content of the information? What people, what things, what ideas and what situations are discussed? )
What interpretative declaration should be used?
What is the actual interpretation answer? (Answer P86)
3. Emotional reaction:
What sensational words did the helper use?
What emotions do the helper's voice and nonverbal behavior imply?
What kind of emotional words can accurately describe the emotional level of help seekers?
What are the appropriate sentences that match the sensory vocabulary used by the helper?
What is the situation and background related to the mood of the helper?
What is the actual emotional response? (Answer P86)
3. Summary:
What did the helper say to me?
Main contents:
Main emotions:
What does the helper keep repeating in terms of themes and patterns?
What is the actual summary answer? (Answer P86)
(2) Helper: Sometimes I really want to get rid of it completely.
1. Clarification:
What did the helper say to me?
Is there any vague or missing information to check? If so, what is it? (If not, decide to react differently)
How do I begin to clarify the reaction?
What is the actual clarification answer? (Answer P88)
(3) Helper (15-year-old high school student): My grades are going downhill, and I don't know why. I'm disappointed in everything.
1. Clarification:
What did the helper say to me?
Is there any vague or missing information to check? If so, what is it? (If not, decide to react differently)
How do I begin to clarify the reaction?
What is the actual clarification answer? (Answer P89)
Helper (Grade Four): I don't want to do this damn homework. I don't want to learn these maths, because girls don't need to know them anyway.
1. Clarification:
What did the helper say to me?
Is there any vague or missing information to check? If so, what is it? (If not, decide to react differently)
How do I begin to clarify the reaction?
What is the actual clarification answer? (Answer P90)
(5) Helper (a middle-aged man): I am very depressed about my physical disability now. I don't think I can do things as before. It affects not only my work, but also my family. I feel as if I am of no use to others.
1. Clarification:
What did the helper say to me?
Is there any vague or missing information to check? If so, what is it? (If not, decide to react differently)
How do I begin to clarify the reaction?
What is the actual clarification answer? (Answer P90)
(6) Helper (an old man): The company asked me to retire, but I didn't want to. What will I do after retirement? I find myself constantly recalling the good old days and unwilling to face the future. Sometimes retirement makes me too nervous to sleep well and eat. My family advised me to consult.
1. Clarification:
What did the helper say to me?
Is there any vague or missing information to check? If so, what is it? (If not, decide to react differently)
How do I begin to clarify the reaction?
What is the actual clarification answer? (Answer P90)
(7) Helper (6-year-old junior one student): I don't like school, it's not fun.
1. Determine which is the cognitive part of information and which is the emotional part of information. (Answer P89)
Help (20-year-old woman): How can I tell my boyfriend that I want to break up with him? He will be very sad. I don't think I dare tell him.
1. Determine which is the cognitive part of information and which is the emotional part of information. (Answer P89)
(9) Helper (young man): I am depressed that I can't satisfy my wife sexually.
1. Determine which is the cognitive part of information and which is the emotional part of information. (Answer P90)
Helper (a well-behaved man): This place is a trap, and I seem to be trapped here forever. If I were not here, I would feel much better.
1. Determine which is the cognitive part of information and which is the emotional part of information. (Answer P90)
Helper: I know that sitting in bed or lying in bed all day can't eliminate my depression.
1. Explanation:
What did she say to me?
What is the content of the information? What people, what things, what ideas and what situations are discussed? )
What interpretative declaration should be used?
What is the actual interpretation answer? (Answer P90-9 1)
Helper (a 40-year-old Asian woman) [monotonous voice]: How can I tell my husband that I want to divorce him? He'll think I'm crazy. I don't think I dare tell him.
1. Explanation:
What did she say to me?
What is the content of the information? What people, what things, what ideas and what situations are discussed? )
What interpretative declaration should be used?
What is the actual interpretation answer? (Answer P9 1-92)
(13) Helper (a middle-aged graduate student) [The tone is dull and monotonous]: For me, this time is really difficult. I want to work, I want to persist in graduate school, and I want to spend time with my family. I keep telling myself that this tense pace of life will slow down one day.
1. Explanation:
What did she say to me?
What is the content of the information? What people, what things, what ideas and what situations are discussed? )
What interpretative declaration should be used?
What is the actual interpretation answer? (Answer P92)
(14) Helper (30-year-old woman): My husband and I always argue about how to discipline our children. He said I always interfered with his discipline-I thought he was too strict with the children.
1. Explanation:
What did she say to me?
What is the content of the information? What people, what things, what ideas and what situations are discussed? )
What interpretative declaration should be used?
What is the actual interpretation answer? (Answer P93)
(15) Helper (6-year-old boy) [Slow voice, drooping eyelids]: I don't want a sister. I know my parents will love her more than I do.
1. Explanation:
What did she say to me?
What is the content of the information? What people, what things, what ideas and what situations are discussed? )
What interpretative declaration should be used?
What is the actual interpretation answer? (Answer P93)
(16) Helper (a college student) [gentle tone, slow pace, little change]: I once told my family that my eyes were better than those of other students. I can't overcome my blindness. I told them that it is natural to fall behind and get poor grades.
1. Explanation:
What did she say to me?
What is the content of the information? What people, what things, what ideas and what situations are discussed? )
What interpretative declaration should be used?
What is the actual interpretation answer? (Answer P93)
Helper: I have tried to get along with my father, but I really can't. He is too hard on me.
1. Make out with the helper and roughly judge what level it is. (Answer P95)
Helper (a middle-aged man) [talking loudly, excitedly, with fists clenched]: You can't imagine how I felt when I found out my wife cheated me. My eyes are burning! What should I do? Even in the same way? Leave her? I'm not sure.
1. Emotional response:
What sensational words did the helper use?
What emotions do the helper's voice and nonverbal behavior imply?
What kind of emotional words can accurately describe the emotional level of help seekers?
What are the appropriate sentences that match the sensory vocabulary used by the helper?
What is the situation and background related to the mood of the helper?
What is the actual emotional response? (Answer P98)
Helper (50-year-old steel worker who just lost his job) [speaking loudly, criticizing, complaining angrily, frowning, staring at the ceiling]: Look, what can I do now? I have been unemployed for more than a year. I have no money, no job and a family to support. My knowledge and skills were thus wasted.
1. Emotional response:
What sensational words did the helper use?
What emotions do the helper's voice and nonverbal behavior imply?
What kind of emotional words can accurately describe the emotional level of help seekers?
What are the appropriate sentences that match the sensory vocabulary used by the helper?
What is the situation and background related to the mood of the helper?
What is the actual emotional response? (Answer P99)
(20) Helper (8-year-old girl) [Steady tone, careful words, looking back and forth, tight lips, blushing]: I don't like staying at home anymore. I hope to live with my friend and her parents. I told my mother that I might leave one day. But she didn't listen to me at all.
1. Emotional response:
What sensational words did the helper use?
What emotions do the helper's voice and nonverbal behavior imply?
What kind of emotional words can accurately describe the emotional level of help seekers?
What are the appropriate sentences that match the sensory vocabulary used by the helper?
What is the situation and background related to the mood of the helper?
What is the actual emotional response? (answer P 100)
(XXI) Helper (middle-aged man receiving marriage therapy) [eyes drooping, voice low]: As far as I know, our marriage has gone bad since my wife came back to work last year. She spends more time at work than with me.
1. Emotional response:
What sensational words did the helper use?
What emotions do the helper's voice and nonverbal behavior imply?
What kind of emotional words can accurately describe the emotional level of help seekers?
What are the appropriate sentences that match the sensory vocabulary used by the helper?
What is the situation and background related to the mood of the helper?
What is the actual emotional response? (answer P 100)
Help-seeker (a teenager) [loudly speaking gruffly]: You see, there are so many damn rules in the school. I want to get the hell out of here. I think this place is dirty.
1. Emotional response:
What sensational words did the helper use?
What emotions do the helper's voice and nonverbal behavior imply?
What kind of emotional words can accurately describe the emotional level of help seekers?
What are the appropriate sentences that match the sensory vocabulary used by the helper?
What is the situation and background related to the mood of the helper?
What is the actual emotional response? (answer P 100)
(23) Help-seeker (American medical school indigenous students): I have been thinking all my life that I want to be a doctor and go home to engage in medical career. Now that I have left home, I'm not so sure. I still feel a powerful force pulling me back. I don't want to disappoint my relatives, but I think there are too many new things in the outside world that attract me to explore.
1. summary (summary of multiple elements related to helper's information):
What did the helper say to me?
What does the helper keep repeating in terms of themes and patterns?
What is the actual summary answer? (answer P 100)
(24) Helper (35-year-old male): One of the reasons for our divorce is that she always asks me, and I have never said no to her; I always give in. I find it hard to refuse other people's demands.
1. Summary (summary of identified topics):
What did the helper say to me?
What does the helper keep repeating in terms of themes and patterns?
What is the actual summary answer? (answer P 100- 10 1)
Caller (young lady): What a terrible week! The trap was broken, my dog was lost, my wallet was stolen, my car ran out of gas, and worst of all, I gained 2 kilograms. I can't take it anymore. It seems that all the bad things are on me.
1. Summary (adjust the consultation progress and provide key summary):
What did the helper say to me?
What does the helper keep repeating in terms of themes and patterns?
What is the actual summary answer? (answer P 10 1)
Help-seekers (middle-aged men who try to give up drinking). In the first three consultations, he told you that drinking is ruining family life, but he can't quit, because drinking makes him feel good and helps him reduce his work pressure. [Low and weak tone, depressed eyes, hunched back]: I know that drinking is not a long-term solution, which can't solve my problems and help my family. My wife threatened to leave me, which I know. But I just can't live without wine. Drinking freed me.
1. Summary:
What did the helper say to me?
Main contents:
Main emotions:
What does the helper keep repeating in terms of themes and patterns?
What is the actual summary answer? (answer P 10 1)
(27) Help-seekers (10 girls). Counseling begins [deep voice, tears in eyes]: I don't understand why my parents don't live together anymore. I don't blame anyone, but it confuses me. Negotiating: I hope they can be together. I feel as if I don't think they are together, and they argue too much because of me. Maybe I am the reason why they can't live together.
1. Summary:
What did the helper say to me?
Main contents:
Main emotions:
What does the helper keep repeating in terms of themes and patterns?
What is the actual summary answer? (answer P 102)
Helper (a 30-year-old man who blames himself for his wife's unhappiness): Basically, I feel guilty about marrying her, because I didn't marry for love, just to save trouble. I feel that I have made a mess of her life, and at the same time I feel responsible for her.
1. Summary:
What did the helper say to me?
Main contents:
Main emotions:
What does the helper keep repeating in terms of themes and patterns?
What is the actual summary answer? (answer P 103)
(29)Helper(35-year-old woman who pays attention to improving the quality of life after having children) [loudly and excitedly]: I never thought I felt so good. I used to think that being a mother was boring and hard, but it wasn't. It's exciting and relaxing, which makes me feel that everything is worth doing.
1. Summary:
What did the helper say to me?
Main contents:
Main emotions:
What does the helper keep repeating in terms of themes and patterns?
What is the actual summary answer? (answer P 103)
(30) Help-seekers (27-year-old female, concerned about establishing relationships with men and seeking excitement and stability). First consultation [bright eyes, energetic face, high voice]: In recent years, I have dated many men, and most of them are married. I feel good, because there is not much pressure for me. The fourth consultation [weak voice, sad eyes]: I don't feel so good and interesting anymore. Now I feel that my life lacks a sense of responsibility and a stable relationship.
1. Summary:
What did the helper say to me?
Main contents:
Main emotions:
What does the helper keep repeating in terms of themes and patterns?
What is the actual summary answer? (answer P 102)