What are the characteristics of Epang Palace written by Du Mu?

Epang Palace is the palace of the Qin Dynasty. According to historical records, it was built in 2 12 BC. The site is located in Afang Village, 0/5 km west of Xi City, Shaanxi Province, and is a national key cultural relics protection unit. [Edit this paragraph] Pronunciation of Epang Palace The pronunciation of Epang Palace has traditionally been considered as [壹壹壹壹 ng], but this is controversial. 1. One view is that Hao Mingjian, editor-in-chief of Chewing Words páng gūng, thinks that we should read páng gūng. Hao Mingjian thinks that "A" refers to the winding place at the foot of the ancient mountain, and there is no objection to reading "A". And "room" is "side", so it's time to read páng. Zhi-Ran Song, director of the Institute of Immigrant Culture of Sichuan Normal University and a professor of exegetics, said: "The word' Fang' in Epang Palace is a common word. Next to it, you should read' Pá ng'." Professor Wang of Sichuan Normal University said: "Epang Palace refers to the palace beside the mountain, where the house sound is pronounced by the ancient sound of the house. This unique usage can't be pronounced by ordinary words. " 2. The second view is that Jason, a professor at Liaoning University and director of the Institute of Qing History, and Du Yongdao, deputy editor-in-chief of Chinese Publishing House, think that Feng Gōng should be read. Li Xingjian's Dictionary of Modern Chinese Norms (1 edition, 2004) also holds this view. 3. The third view is that we should read [ā f á ng g not ng]. Professor, a member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the word "A" in Shaanxi dialect pronunciation is defined as "that" and "Fang" is a place name in Shaanxi. According to Historical Records, Epang Palace was not named when it was first built. The so-called Epang Palace is just a name. [Edit this paragraph] Overview of Epang Palace "Six kings finish, the four seas are one, Shushan is upright, and Epang is full of stuff". After Qin Shihuang (259 BC ~ 2 10 BC) destroyed the six countries and unified the whole country, a large number of palaces and temples were built in Xianyang, the capital, and the largest palace was Epang Palace. According to Records of the Historical Records of Qin Shihuang, in the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shihuang (2 12 BC), Qin Shihuang thought that there were too many people in Xianyang, the capital city, and the former king's palace was small, so he ordered to build a new dynasty palace in the royal garden south of Weihe River between Feng and Gao, the capital city of Zhou Dynasty. This Gong Chao is a famous palace, which was later called Epang Palace. Epanggong floor tile "Every minister in the world 10 is mature, and the road is not hungry." In the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shihuang (2 12 BC), a palace, Epang Palace, was built in Shanglinyuan, south of Weihe River. Because of the huge project, Qin Shihuang only built an anteroom when he was in office. According to "Historical Records of Qin Shihuang", "In the main hall, Afangshan is 500 paces from east to west and 50 feet from north to south, which can seat 10,000 people. A five-foot flag can be built under it, and Zhou Chi is the pavilion road. Arriving directly from your highness to Nanshan shows that the top of Nanshan is lost and belongs to Xianyang. " Its scale is huge, and it consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. This unfinished project led to the death of Qin Shihuang. Hu Hai and Qin Ershi transferred craftsmen to build Epang Palace to build the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, and then continued to build Epang Palace, but the Qin Dynasty soon collapsed. Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, recorded in Historical Records of Qin Shihuang that the front hall of Epang Palace is 500 steps from east to west and 50 feet from north to south, which can seat 10,000 people. In the Qin Dynasty, one step was six feet, three hundred steps were one mile, and the Qin foot was about 0.23 meters. In this way, the front hall of Epang Palace is 690 meters wide from east to west and 1 15 meters deep from north to south, covering an area of 80,000 square meters, which is more than enough to accommodate 1 10,000 people. Today, in the south of Sanqiao Town, the western suburb of Xi City, Shaanxi Province, from Jujiazhuang in the east to Gucheng Village in the west, the site of Epang Palace with an area of about 600,000 square meters is still preserved. Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, recorded in The Biography of Hanshu Jiashan: "In the west, from Xianyang to Yong, it is three hundred miles away from the palace, with bells and drums. It is also Afang Temple, which is tens of meters high, five miles from east to west, thousands of steps from north to south, riding from Cheluo and four Ma Benteng, and the flag is not scraped, which is the beauty of the palace. " In fact, from the beginning of Hanshu, the regulations of Epang Palace have been enlarged. In the past, it was generally believed that Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, turned hatred to things and set fire to Epang Palace and all its affiliated buildings, reducing them to ashes. However, in Historical Records of Xiang Yu, it is only said that "Qin Gong will burn and the fire will not go out in March", and Epang Palace is not mentioned. Archaeologists found that the so-called "Xiang Yu burned Epang Palace" was a historical misinformation. Archaeologists did not find any traces of burning in contemporary archaeological excavations of Epang Palace sites. According to legend, Epang Palace is unprecedented in scale and magnificent in momentum. It is said that the scenery is spectacular. It is said that Epang Palace has more than 700 halls, large and small, and the climate of each hall is different every day. Qin Shihuang visited palaces and stayed in one place every day, but he didn't live in all the palaces until his death. This brilliant imagination of later generations basically comes from the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu's "Epang Palace Fu": "It covers more than 300 miles and is isolated from the sun. Mount Li is built in the north and folded in the west, leading directly to Xianyang. Erchuan dissolves and flows into the palace wall. Five steps to the first floor, ten steps to a pavilion; Corridor waist back, eaves high; Each holds the terrain and intrigues. " Epang Palace became a very magnificent building complex at that time. It is conceivable that there are many palaces in Epang Palace, with a wide construction area and a grand scale. But these are legends, and the courtiers of later generations used the metaphor of Qin to advise the emperor of the dynasty. According to contemporary archaeological evidence, Epang Palace was not built. [Edit this paragraph] Archaeological conclusion In 2006, after a long period of investigation, the archaeological team found nothing but earth rammers under the intensive exploration of five holes per square meter. Afraid of negligence, the soil was specially sent to a microscope expert for microscopic examination, but no carbide produced by incineration was found. Moreover, during the inspection, only traces of burning were found in the former site of Xianyang Palace, and no traces of burning were found in other places. According to legend, it is only people's imagination that Xiang Yu burned Epang Palace. Epang Palace has never been burned, and Xianyang Palace was indeed burned by Xiang Yu. According to the rarity of historical materials and the recorded time, it is said that the Afang Palace, which has been around for thousands of years, did not exist, but was not built at all. Qin Shihuang spent 700,000 coolies and four years building a rock-solid rammer. Finally, Qin Shihuang did not build Epang Palace until his death. In order to fulfill the wishes of the first emperor, Qin Ershi called coolies to complete Epang Palace, but at that time, various places began to rebel in succession, and it was not built in the end. The description in Du Mu's A Fang Gong Fu only exists in people's fantasy, or A Fang Gong was never built. [Edit this paragraph] The name of Epang Palace comes from Afangshan, which was originally the name of Gong Chao's front hall. Qin Shihuang planned to "give it a name" after the completion of Gong Chao. Due to the large scale of the palace, although hundreds of thousands of coolies participated in the construction work every day, it was still not completed until the demise of the Qin Dynasty. In this way, people call it Epang Palace. Why is this palace named "A Fang"? There are different views in the past dynasties, mainly as follows: The first view is that the site of Epang Palace is named after its proximity to Xianyang. "Ah, it's near, so it's near Xianyang. It's called A Fang." The second point of view is that A Fang is named after the shape of the palace "four A Bian Guang", and A Fang can also be interpreted as Qu Chu, Qu Yu, Qu Ting and so on. The architectural structure of Afang Palace is "coiled, arched and twisted", which embodies the style and characteristics of "four rooms and wide rooms". It is precisely because of this architectural style of Epang Palace that when explaining why this palace is called Epang Palace in Historical Records of Qin Shihuang, he said: "This palace is famous for its shape, and it is said that its palace is wide on all sides." The third view is that this palace is called Epang Palace because it is high and steep. If it is in Ashang, it is a house. This view comes from the biography of Hanshu Jiashan, in which the annotation says: "A Zhe, a great Ling Ye, was named Afang, which means A Shang is the residence." In other words, Epang Palace is named after the palace was built on the top of Daling. Judging from archaeological excavations, this statement is also reasonable. Afang Village is located in the suburb of Xi, about 65,438+05 km away, and it is the site of ancient Afang Palace. It can be seen from the excavation site that Epang Palace is located in the hilly area, and the tall foundation of the palace remains here. Near the south of Afang Village, there is a large earthen platform left by a palace, with a circumference of about 3 1 m and a height of about 20 meters. There is also a tall rammed earth platform in the southwest of the village, which is the site of the front hall of Epang Palace according to research. The east-west length is about 1200m, the north-south length is 500-600m, and the highest point is about 8m. Epang Palace is built on these lofty platforms, just like Hanshu said, "A few high places are houses". There is also a saying that the Annals of Chang 'an is interpreted as "A" because the palace is adjacent to Shan Ye and unknown, so it is called A Fang first. This statement comes from Historical Records, which says that Gong Cheng will be named before Afang is completed. There is also a bizarre folklore. It is said that Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, fell in love with a beautiful folk woman named Afang, but this beautiful love did not bring a happy ending after all. In memory of the woman he loved deeply, it was named Epang Palace. It can be seen that the above viewpoints are well-founded, well-founded, and they all make sense. Therefore, it is difficult to judge right or wrong before finding updated and convincing materials. Therefore, as for why this famous palace with a long history was named Afang at that time, the true meaning of Afang can only be said to be an inconclusive historical mystery.