The ship power system includes two parts: the ship power station and the ship power grid, which is responsible for converting different forms of energy into electric energy and distributing the electric energy to various electrical equipment. The ship's electric energy system includes: (1) generator set consisting of prime mover and generator; (2) All kinds of power distribution equipment (main distribution panel) for controlling, monitoring and protecting electrical appliances; (3) Power grid composed of wires and cables. There are some main parameters in the ship power system, which determine the varieties and specifications of the main electrical equipment on board. These parameters are: electrical system (AC or DC), voltage and frequency.
Ship power station
Ship power station consists of prime mover, generator and auxiliary equipment (combined into generator set) and distribution board. The generator set is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy, which is controlled and distributed through the switchboard. The prime mover that drives the generator is generally a diesel engine, a steam turbine or a gas turbine, and the corresponding generator set is called a diesel generator set, a steam turbine generator set or a gas turbine generator set.
In order to provide power continuously, reliably, economically and reasonably under various working conditions such as navigation, operation, berthing and emergency, ships are often equipped with various power stations. (1) main power station, which normally supplies power for the whole ship. (2) The berthing power station supplies power to the electric load of the berthing ship when there is no shore power supply in the berthing state. (3) Emergency power stations, which provide loads with power necessary to ensure the safety of ships in case of emergency. (4) Special power station, such as power supply for the whole ship's radio communication equipment (such as transceiver, etc.). ), all kinds of navigation AIDS (radar, direction finder, sounder, etc.). ), communication equipment on board (such as telephone, radio, etc.). ) and signal alarm system. This kind of electrical equipment is characterized by low power consumption, but it has special requirements for voltage, frequency, voltage stability and frequency stability of power supply. Therefore, it is sometimes necessary to set up a special generator set or inverter to supply power to the weak current equipment or special equipment on board.
Ship power network
Electric energy is transmitted from the main distribution board (as well as emergency and berthing distribution boards) through cables, and sent to all power users through intermediate distribution devices (regional distribution boards, distribution boxes, etc.). ), and the power network formed is the ship power network. The basic requirement of ship power network is strong vitality, that is, it is required that the power network can continue to supply power to the load in the case of failure or local damage, and the development and influence of failure are limited to a minimum. All electrical equipment with similar properties on the ship are powered by the corresponding independent power grid, which can be divided into: (1) ship power grid, which is directly powered by the main distribution board to supply electric traction for various ship auxiliary machines. (2) The lighting grid provides internal and external lighting for the ship. (3) Weak current equipment in power grid, including telegraph clock, steering angle indicator, telephone equipment, fire alarm signal and alarm bell, etc. (4) Emergency power grid, including emergency lighting, emergency power supply (such as steering gear power supply), power supply of navigation AIDS, etc. (5) Power grids of other equipment, such as charging equipment and portable lamps.