1, group calisthenics
There are probably the following famous group calisthenics in ancient times. Han Feizi said, "When the time is ripe, if any young seed refuses to accept it, Sun will obey:' No way. There is no virtue in practicing martial arts, nor is it a Tao. "I have been teaching for three years, holding a dry dance, and having a seedling is service." Translated into vernacular Chinese, it generally means that punishing others for not teaching is bullying others, so the ancient police performed a kung fu dance with an axe in their left hand and a shield in their right hand to deter bad elements and build a harmonious society. Now the United States is no more than Persia. Of course, this is a martial arts dance. As for folk art, Little Bear only knows that there is tattoo dance in Japan, and time is limited, so I won't say much. The most famous in the Tang Dynasty is "The Joy of the King of Qin Breaking the Array", which is quite imposing. I think the leaders of the East like this kind of music every time they come. In comparison, the traditional western generals triumphantly entered Rome. In the crowd on both sides of the street, there was always a waiter standing beside the commander-in-chief, firmly repeating the same sentence: "All this is just a passing sight." In modern times, we can clearly see the differences between the East and the West. For example, the Berlin Olympic Games and the Oriental Olympic Games in 1933 were extremely high-spirited, and the group gymnastics was surprisingly uniform and varied, especially the entrance ceremony. Look at those who wear dragon robes, unlike princes, patting around with DV in their hands, shaking their hats and twisting their waists. They must come from western barbarian countries. Those teams are neat, polite and restrained. For barbarians, they just come to a party, but for civilized people, this is a show, which is to be performed for others. I don't know how many times I performed off the field.
2. Ball games
When it comes to ancient ball games, we have to start with ancient football. Legend has it that Cuju originated from the Yellow Emperor. It is said that Xuanyuan captured Chiyou, filled his stomach and thought it was a bow, so that people could hold it, and those who won more would be rewarded. Translated into modern Chinese, it means kicking him in the stomach (this is mainly because Chiyou was on the lungs of the Yellow Emperor from the beginning, and I will talk about the corner coming later). As for the literal interpretation of cuju, cuju is "Nie Ye", which is a verb. "Bow" means "ball also", which is a noun. The ancient "ball" was made of jade, so it was edged with jade. Therefore, the bow word is self-leather). In the Han Dynasty, it became popular because it was a military training method. I won't say more about the specific rules, emphasizing teamwork. Xiong thinks that Cuju in Han Dynasty is probably not the originator of football, but more like American football, emphasizing speed, strength, collision and formation coordination quarterback. For details, please refer to the handsome guy's words and peace in Cao Wei's "Fu to Jingfu Hall" (at that time, the cuju in Jingfu Hall was probably equivalent to the super ten thousand in the Han and Wei Dynasties). However, in the Tang Dynasty, because cavalry training surpassed infantry, polo rose and cuju declined, and the competition system changed greatly, with Shang Yan as the main feature. As for the later Song and Ming Dynasties, it was developed for different groups of people. For details, please refer to the relevant chapters in China's famous classic "Jin Ping Mei". I suggest you understand the meaning carefully.
Polo is a new sport, which prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. There are three theories about its origin. One said he was a Persian, another said he was a Tubo, and the other said he was a native Cuju. That's temporary. Anyway, it was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. It was mainly advocated by the royal family at that time and made by the world. There are too many stories about this, so I won't say much. Let me briefly talk about the two projects derived from this. One is riding. Zhang's "Dance of Horses" said: "Tianlu recruited Uncle Wei from afar, and why did Xiaolong borrow from Japan? I will compete for the dance and sing with the eight horses. " However, after the Anshi Rebellion, the road declined. In modern times, there is a story. In the late Qing Dynasty, France presented pure-bred dancing horses to the Qing court. After the Republic of China, it was transferred to Xiangcheng. Yuan liked it very much and later gave it to Huang Xing. This is the origin of the allusion that Huang Xing accepts horses but does not accept gold. Later, after the Second Revolution, Huang Xing ran away and the horse was stranded in Shanghai Racecourse. Benyuan intends to take them back and prepare to ride them when Hongxian proclaimed himself emperor. From this perspective, there are some buildings abroad. Also derived from a project, step by step, as the name implies, is to dismount and fight. It may be the predecessor of modern hockey. The ancient golf game "Blow Wan" was born from hitting (Comrade Guo Moruo has different views, and he has categorically verified that "Blow Wan" is the originator of modern baseball, which has attracted many academic questions). The Ming dynasty was especially popular with the upper-class literati, with exquisite equipment, different holes, different terrain, different clubs, pro-caddies and celebrities as caddies, which was extremely elegant. However, it is estimated that China's national conditions are not suitable for entering the modern Olympic Games, because no matter what the referee is, as long as the caddy is from China, even if Tiger Wu Zixu comes, the gold medal will not be his.
There is also a sport similar to modern bowling, called shooting wood. Wooden balls come from hitting the soil. The game of digging soil began in Emperor Yao, which is similar to the projectile game. Extend to the wooden house by putting bottle-shaped wooden columns on the ground. There are words such as "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faithfulness, softness, courtesy, frugality and concession" on the ten pillars, and words such as "slow, proud, mean, greedy and excessive" on the five pillars. Participants throw wooden balls and hit the column. Those who win the little red book win, those who win the ink book lose, and there are prizes and penalties.
3. Competitive category
Generally can be divided into the following categories.
One is to compete with yourself. For example, lift the tripod and turn it off. Ding hoisting can be divided into two categories: hoisting and overturning. Ding was originally an ancient cooker. In ancient times, the so-called tripod lifts were all lifts. Simply put, it's just walking around with the pot to help digestion. For example, Xiang Yu, the famous overlord of Chu, can lift the tripod, which shows that he is a big git. No wonder he can't beat three or six. It is said that Confucius has such a unique skill. No wonder he travels around the world, has a large group of disciples, and is strong enough to be robbed by mountain thieves. In the Tang dynasty, instead of lifting the latch, a big wooden stick was held, mainly to test the arm strength and prepare for holding a carbine. In the Song Dynasty, stone locks and chains were greeted, and later, modern weightlifting. Weightlifting is a rather inhuman sport. The Japanese are all like Wu Da, and there is no natural way. It is wrong to force the shift the day after tomorrow.
There is also a kind of competition with others, which is divided into one-on-one and team warfare. Let's talk about one-on-one hits, such as corner kicks. Ren Fang, a native of the Southern Dynasties, wrote in Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Chiyou has ears like a halberd and a horn on his head. He fought with Xuanyuan, and the angle reached out to people, but people could not turn to him. There is a famous Chiyou drama in Yizhou today, which is played in twos and threes. The horns are pierced to reach it, and the Chinese horns are made to reach it and cover its legacy. " This is the origin of Chiyou topping the lungs of the Yellow Emperor. In fact, Chiyou doesn't really have horns, but he may be wearing a helmet with similar horns. In order to deal with it, the Yellow Emperor invented the corner touch technique. Copyright should be returned to Comrade Xuanyuan. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were two kinds of legionary teleplay in the army. One kind of legionary teleplay is Jiao Di, which developed into sumo in the perfect period of Tang and Song Dynasties, spread to Japan, and now becomes the quintessence of Japan. The most obvious feature of China's sumo wrestling is that he doesn't wear a coat, and he mainly wins aboveboard by strength. Foreign wrestling, like the cloth shop of the northern nationalities, wears a wallet on its head, pulls up the button on your wallet by cleverness, and then comes with a crystal elbow from time to time, which the gentleman doesn't take. As for the classical wrestling of the modern Olympic Games, it relies on the energy of frying waist flowers on the waist, while freestyle wrestling relies on the energy of baking ham with honey below the abdomen. As for the outcome, as long as the sweet and sour tenderloin is served, it will be judged as negative. Just now I said martial arts. Let's talk about another side, which is unarmed combat. No need to explain, China Kung Fu. Gan Yanshou, a famous star in the Han Dynasty, started his star career because of his excellent handwriting. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, when Qing soldiers entered Shanhaiguan, Chen Yuanbin, the military commander of Amin Dynasty, went to Tokugawa Shogunate to help suppress them. Later, he stayed in Edo and took three apprentices to create three schools: Ye Fu Stream, San Pu Stream and Alum Stream. Later, Jiu Jitsu and Judo were developed. There is also one-on-one fighting, which is fencing. Why not say fencing? There are two kinds of ancient fencing. Fencing refers to long-range attack. In the words of Xiao Li's mother, Xiao Li flies a knife and has no fake hair. In addition to flying swords, it is fighting swords. Anyone who has read The Warring States Policy knows that the lobbyists in it often make Hong Xing bewitch the children when the monarchs of the two countries can't talk properly. The ancients practiced swords, wore swords and played with knives since childhood, which is one of the basic common sense of life. There are many famous sword fighting jokes in history, such as the Hongmen Banquet. I once saw a reflection of the Three Kingdoms, and I was taken in. It is recorded in the book that Gan Ning and Ling Tong had been enemies, and they danced with each other in a drunken mood. Lv Meng couldn't stand it. He opened Ling Tong's double halberd with one hook and separated Gan Ning's sword with one knife. The bear was cheated. When Amon can really fight, surround Xuchang in the Three Kingdoms (1 1) and watch it fall. Yujinlai asked for a one-on-one hit. Bear asked him to play, but the computer overturned him. The book looks unreliable, but it depends on the brilliant setting.
Say that and fight. Group fights are mainly tug-of-war and dragon boats. Both of them are from the ancient Chu navy. Tug of war was called pulling hook in ancient times. Chu is located in the north and south of the great river, with criss-crossing waterways. In order to train sailors, it invented a weapon called "Rejecting Hook", which was specially used for water combat. When two ships meet, they can ride on the other ship, which is convenient for boarding and fighting. When the enemy retreated, the sergeant refused to hook the enemy ship with a hook and pulled it back hard, making it impossible to escape. Later, the refusal spread from the army to the people and evolved into a tug-of-war competition. There are also dragon boats, which are said to commemorate Qu Yuan and Wu Zixu, a traitor to Chu. Why? There is no agreement. Both of them pay attention to the spirit of teamwork, and from the place of birth, they have pinned a certain regional and national ideology. Therefore, when there was a Du Nan dynasty, both were prosperous, but when there was a northern alien rule, both were deliberately suppressed.
4. Track and field
Let's look at some simple track and field events. There is nothing to say, except running faster and jumping higher and farther. In order to achieve this goal, there are many banned drugs. For details, please refer to the "Horse Running Party" unearthed in Mawangdui, Changsha, in which the strangest trick is to bring unmarried women. . . . . . (Delete108,000 words below). There was an awesome man in Jin Dynasty. One day, he ran away with dozens of buddies and ran into a big pit. Everyone else skipped it. He fell into a ditch and felt humiliated, so he put a bamboo stick in it, made a will and jumped back and forth dozens of times in order to get back his face (if anyone knows who this person is, the female guest will reward the bear with a kiss and the male guest will reward the bear with a hug). Xiong estimated that this gentleman had probably beaten five stones, otherwise how could he be so NB?
5. Other categories
The ancients wanted to learn six arts. "Book of Rites" says: "There are three years in ten, learning music, reciting poems and dancing spoons; Adult children dance like elephants and learn to shoot. " Now let's talk about archery. Needless to say, archery. Ancient archery emphasized five skills: white arrow, joint, stroke, ruler and well. White arrow, the arrow penetrates the target and the arrow is white, indicating that the arrow is accurate and powerful; Join the company, put a vector in front, and the last three vectors go away one after another. If the beads are in the same position, the vectors belong to each other; Note that it is the disease of vector line; A ruler, I shoot with you, I stand side by side with you, and let you back a foot; Good instrument, four vectors are consistent, all hit the target. Modern archery competition, on the whole, is nothing more than that. But then the ancients invented the crossbow (people always like to be lazy, and crossbows are much more convenient than arrows). Archery gradually became too complicated to be suitable for social activities, so the pot throwing was derived. This is a good show of civilized countries and literati. At first, it was best to throw it into the pot, and then N kinds of tricks were added, such as throwing angle, orientation, reflection and so on. Modern civilized countries, such as Britain's darts, especially curling in Canada and some Nordic countries, have a legacy thrown into the pot (civilized games are all advanced there). Let's talk about royal again. Ancient people fought with multiplication as the basic unit. When describing a superpower, it is said that it is a country of thousands of riders. What is the concept of hitchhiking? The basic configuration is a four-horse chariot with a charioteer on it, a bow on the left and a halberd on the right. All three of them are soldiers, and the other seven soldiers are going to take turns beside them (they should be good at jumping). In addition, there are fifteen people who can't take care of armor, and then there is a double-ox-pulled trench car, two cooks, two grooms, and 1 person who is responsible for the maintenance and custody of equipment and armor, a total of 30 people. In this combat unit, the imperial hand is the most important, belonging to the whole body protection, especially the wrist. The wrist insurance is definitely higher than the current manicure. The ancient imperial guards also emphasized five basic techniques, namely "Ming and Luan"-harmony and Luan are the names of bells, which are tied to the stone of the car and Luan bell is tied to the scale of the car, so that the sounds of the two bells should be harmonious when driving. "Chasing autumn water"-bend with the water potential and don't fall into the water. "Crossing the King's Watch"-The royal car went straight into the Yuanmen, but it was impartial. "Dancing at the intersection"-When driving at the intersection, the car rotates with the dance rhythm. "Drive the bird to the left"-when hunting, let the left side of the car face the beast. It seems that ancient drivers are not easy to be. Confucius said that if God gave him two choices, whether to be a shooter or a royal hand, he chose to be a royal hand. Of course, the strongest monarch, the ancestor of the king of Qin, also started as a driver for the chief.
Let's say a swing. Swing originated from harmony and belongs to an exotic species. The ancients thought it was an adult game because according to the characteristics of this game, it could satisfy the voyeurism of some BT people. Some people say, can't you look like a barbarian in the west? Bah. We orientals like this implicit and meaningful beauty. Especially in South Korea and Japan, these places are particularly good at interpreting this subtle artistic conception, and movies are coded. As for the swing play, please refer to the relevant chapters in China's classic Jin Ping Mei.