Intelligent transportation system can improve transportation efficiency, alleviate traffic congestion, increase road network capacity, reduce traffic accidents, reduce energy consumption and reduce environmental pollution through the harmonious and close cooperation of people, vehicles and roads.
According to the application of ITS in a certain area, the benefits of 20 15 are predicted as follows: reducing traffic jams10% ~ 50%; 5% ~15% energy saving; Reduce air pollution by more than 25%; Reduce the operating cost of enterprises by 5% ~ 25%; Reduce accidents by 30% ~ 60%. 1, traffic information acquisition system
Manual input
GPS vehicle navigation instrument
GPS navigation mobile phone
Vehicle traffic electronic information card
closed-circuit tv camera
Infrared radar detectors
Coil detector
Optical radiation detector
2. Information processing and analysis system
Information server
Expert system
Geographic information system application system
Manual decision-making
3. Information dissemination system
internet
mobile phone
Vehicle terminal
broadcast
Roadside broadcast
Electronic information board
Overview of telephone service desk
ITS is widely used in Japan, for example, its system in Japan is quite complete and mature, followed by the United States, Europe and other regions. China's intelligent transportation system has developed rapidly, and advanced intelligent transportation systems have been built in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Among them, Beijing has established four ITS systems: road traffic control, public traffic command and dispatch, expressway management and emergency management. Guangzhou has established three ITS systems: traffic information main platform, logistics information platform and static traffic management system. With the development of ITS technology, ITS will be more and more widely used in transportation industry.
China Intelligent Transportation System Framework
At present, the basic situation of China ITS system framework (second edition) is as follows: user service includes 9 service areas, 47 services, 179 sub-services; The logical framework includes 10 functional areas, 57 functions,10/subfunctions, 406 processes and 16 1 data flow diagrams. The physical framework includes 10 systems, 38 subsystems, 150 system modules and 5 1 physical framework flowcharts; The application system includes 58 application systems. China ITS System Framework (2nd Edition) User Service List User Service Field User Service/KOOC-0/Traffic Management/KOOC-0/./KOOC-0/Traffic Dynamic Information Monitoring/KOOC-0/.2 Traffic Enforcement/KOOC-0/.3 Traffic Control/KOOC-0/.4 Demand Management/KOOC-0/. And control 1.7 service management 1.8 parking management 1.9 non-motor vehicle and pedestrian traffic management 2 electronic toll collection 2. 1 electronic toll collection 3 traffic information service 3. 1 pre-departure information service 3.2 driver information service 3.3 en route * * * Traffic information service 3.4 Providing other information services for passengers on the journey 3.5 Route guidance and navigation 3.6 Personalized information service 4 Intelligent expressway and safe assisted driving 4. 1 Intelligent expressway and vehicle information collection 4.2 Safe assisted driving 4.3 Automatic driving 4.4 Automatic fleet operation 5 Traffic safety 5. 1 Emergency rescue management 5.2 traffic safety management 5.3 non-motor vehicle and pedestrian safety management 5.4 intersection safety management 6 operation management 6. 1 transportation administration 6.2 operation management 6.4 long-distance passenger transportation operation management 6.5 rail transit operation management 6.6 taxi operation management 6.7 general cargo transportation management 6.8 special transportation management 7 comprehensive transportation 7. 1 Passenger and freight transportation management 7.2 passenger service 7.3 freight service 8 transportation infrastructure management 8. 1 transportation infrastructure maintenance 8.2 road administration 8.3 construction area management 9 ITS data management 9. 1 data connection and storage 9.2 data fusion and processing 9.3 data exchange and * * * vehicle control system.
Refers to the system that assists the driver to drive the car or automatically drives the car instead of the driver. The system can accurately judge the distance between the car and the obstacle through radar or infrared detectors installed in front and side of the car. In case of emergency, the on-board computer can give an alarm in time or automatically brake to avoid, and adjust the driving speed according to the road conditions, so it is called "smart car". More than 3,000 companies in the United States have been engaged in the development of highly intelligent cars, and have introduced high-tech products such as automatic constant speed controllers and infrared intelligent drivers.
Second, the traffic monitoring system
The system is similar to an airport air traffic controller, and it will establish a fast communication link between roads, vehicles and drivers. Where did the traffic accident happen? The system will provide drivers and traffic managers with the fastest speed where the traffic is congested and which road is the smoothest.
Three. Operate the vehicle height management system
By connecting the vehicle-mounted computer, the height management center computer and the global positioning system satellite, the system realizes the two-way communication between the driver and the dispatching management center, and improves the operating efficiency of commercial vehicles, buses and taxis. The communication ability of the system is very strong, and it can control vehicles in the whole country or even in a larger range. Twenty buses running on the streets of Paris, France, and about 2,500 taxis in London, England, are already under the command of satellites.
Travel information system aims to provide travelers with all kinds of traffic information in time. The system provides information in a variety of media, such as computers, televisions, telephones, road signs, radios, car displays, etc. Any one of them will do. Whether you are in the office, on the street, at home or in the car, you can get the information you need from the information system by any of these methods. With this system, travelers can see and hear in all directions.
Intelligent transportation system is a complex integrated system, which can be divided into the following subsystems from the perspective of system composition:
1, Advanced Traffic Information Service System (ATIS)
ATIS is based on perfect information network. Traffic participants provide real-time traffic information to the traffic information center through sensors and transmission equipment installed on roads, cars, transfer stations, parking lots and meteorological centers; After receiving and processing these information, ATIS provides real-time travel-related information such as road traffic information, public transportation information, transfer information, traffic meteorological information and parking lot information to traffic participants. According to this information, travelers determine their own travel modes and choose routes. Furthermore, when the car is equipped with an automatic positioning navigation system, the system can help the driver to automatically choose the driving route.
2. Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS)
Some ATMS and ATIS*** use information collection, processing and transmission systems, but ATMS are mainly used by traffic managers to detect, control and manage traffic in expressway, and provide communication between roads, vehicles and drivers. It will monitor the traffic conditions, traffic accidents, meteorological conditions and traffic environment in the road system in real time, obtain information about traffic conditions by means of advanced vehicle detection technology and computer information processing technology, and control traffic according to the collected information, such as signal lights, issuing guidance information, road control, accident handling and rescue.
3. Advanced public transport system (APTS)
The main purpose of APTS is to promote the development of public transportation by using various intelligent technologies, so that the public transportation system can achieve the goal of safety, convenience, economy and large capacity. For example, personal computers, closed-circuit television, etc. It is used to provide suggestions to the public on the choice of travel modes and events, routes and trains, and to provide real-time running information of vehicles to waiting people through the display of bus stops. In the bus management center, the departure and pick-up plans can be arranged reasonably according to the real-time state of vehicles, so as to improve work efficiency and service quality.
4. Advanced Vehicle Control System (AVCS)
The purpose of AVCS is to develop various technologies to help drivers control vehicles, so as to make them run safely and efficiently. AVCS includes autonomous driving technology, such as warning and helping drivers and avoiding obstacles.
5. Freight management system
This refers to an intelligent logistics management system based on expressway's network and information management system and managed by using logistics theory. Comprehensive use of satellite positioning, geographic information system, logistics information and network technology can effectively organize cargo transportation and improve freight efficiency.
6. Electronic toll collection system
ETC is the most advanced road and bridge toll collection method in the world. The vehicle-mounted equipment installed on the windshield of the vehicle communicates with the microwave antenna on the ETC lane of the toll station in a short distance, and the computer networking technology is used for background settlement with the bank, so that the vehicle can pay the road and bridge fees without stopping at the road and bridge toll station, and the paid fees are distributed to the owners of relevant income after background processing. Installing an electronic toll collection system on the existing driveway can improve the lane capacity by 3~5 times.
7. Emergency rescue system (EMS)
EMS is a special system based on ATIS, ATMS and related rescue organizations and facilities. Through ATIS and ATMS, the traffic monitoring center and professional rescue agencies are integrated to provide road users with services such as emergency handling, traction, on-site rescue and troubleshooting of accident vehicles.