Author: Xu Jianhua 2005-06-03 08:59:37
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Hu surname is the most popular 13 surname in contemporary China, with a total population of over160,000, accounting for about 1.3% of the population in contemporary China. According to textual research, there are four main sources of Hu surname, namely, Gui surname, Gui surname, Ji surname and foreign surname change. Among them, the Gui surname Hu has the greatest influence and the farthest inheritance, which has become the main body of Hu's surname today. Hu, surnamed Gui, was originally from Guwanqiu, which is today Huaiyang County, Zhoukou City.
According to family history books, Zuo Zhuan, Compilation of Surnames, Tongzhi Genealogy and other books, the surname Hu of Gui originated from posthumous title. Guiyuan was the surname of Shun, one of the five emperors. Shun's tribe was named Gui because it lived beside Guishui in Yongji, Shanxi. After the Xia Dynasty was established, his son was sealed in (now southwest of Yucheng, Henan Province) and another descendant of Shun was sealed in (now northwest of Ningyang, Shandong Province). In the early years of Shang Dynasty, the descendants moved to Chen (now southeast of Huaiyang, Henan). At the end of Shang Dynasty, Zhili (also known as Zhili), a direct descendant of Shang Jun, held the post of "Zheng Tao" in Jizhou Houguo. Because of his contribution to pottery making, he was appreciated by Zhou Wenwang, and his eldest daughter Tai Ji was betrothed to Guiman, Zhifu's son. King Wu cut the Zhou Dynasty, and after the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, he decided to enfeoffment the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, Tang Yao and Yu Shun to prepare for the "three visits to the thatched cottage". As a direct descendant of Shun, Gui Man was named Chen, and as a right sacrifice, he replaced the descendants of pro-Shang and established Chen State, one of the twelve vassal states of Zhou Dynasty at that time. For this historical fact, "Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Twenty-five Years" also has a similar record: "My father Zhou Wei used to serve the king first. My first king relied on his sharp weapon, and his god later sealed Chen with da ji, the daughter of Yuan Dynasty, to prevent three defects. "
According to historical records, Hu Gongman was also very disciplined in the Shang Dynasty, so he was favored by the later Zhou Dynasty. "Eight years of Zuo Zhao's official career" has the saying that "Gong Hu is not a prostitute, so Zhou Cishi made him worship his brother". There are different interpretations of the meaning of "no adultery" in history, but now it is generally interpreted as the meaning of being close to Zhou's family instead of imitating fornication and keeping chastity. This is why Zhou Wenwang is willing to marry his daughter and make him the son-in-law of the Zhou Dynasty. Du pre-noted Zuo Zhuan in Jin Dynasty, saying that Chen was Zhou's nephew, and Lai Zhoude probably did the same.
After Gui Man established the State of Chen, he established the State of Chen and educated the people with Zhou rites, which won the recognition of the Zhou Dynasty and the love of the people. After Gui died at an advanced age, the Zhou Dynasty posthumously conferred a title, which means "celebrating Hu's longevity", "protecting the people and loving Hu" and "honoring the public privately", that is, praising Gui Man's health and longevity, keeping the people safe and winning the hearts of the people, so Gui Man is also praised by future generations. Later generations built temples in the south of the city to commemorate Chen's achievements. According to ancient records, Chen Hugong's tomb is also in the south of the city. It is said that it is made of iron and is called the iron tomb of Gong Hu in the world. Su Shi visited here in Song Dynasty.
In 478 BC, King Hui of Chu made a northern expedition, and Chen Minggong, the last vassal of Chen State, was overjoyed, and Chen State perished. It took 588 years for Gui Man to be sealed in Chen and perish after 20 generations and 26 generations of kings. After the demise of the State of Chen, some of the descendants took the surname, that is, the surname of the country with the fifth largest population in China, and some took posthumous title's "Fu" as the surname, that is, the surname of Hu with the thirteenth largest population. Taking posthumous title as his surname implies anonymity, probably to avoid political persecution after national subjugation. It can be concluded from the above statement that Gui Man is not only Chen's blood ancestor, but also Hu's blood ancestor, and naturally Tian's blood ancestor.
Although the surname Hu is one of the four major origins of Hu, it is recognized as the largest origin. Today, Hu surname is basically the direct ancestor of Hu Gongman. Especially in the large-scale standard genealogy of later generations in Henan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and even Taiwan Province Province, it is recorded in detail, and there are corresponding lineage arrangements. Although the genealogy listed is not completely consistent, it is also very convincing.
In the history of China, Hu's talents came forth in large numbers, covering almost all fields, including civil servants, military commanders, celebrities and heroes. For example, in ancient times, there were: Hu Zong, the minister of Wu in the Three Kingdoms period, Hu Fen, a general in the Western Jin Dynasty, Hu Ceng, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, Hu Wangxiang, a painter in the later Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, Ai Hu, an educator in the Northern Song Dynasty, Hu Anguo, a scholar in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Hu Hong and Hu Hu Sansheng, historians in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, founding stars of the Ming Dynasty, Hu Dahai, Hu, ministers, writers Hu Yinglin, famous ministers Hu Zongxian and Hu Weiwei, and scholars and writers in modern times. At present, there are Kuomintang veteran Hu, Republic of China general Hu Zongnan, scholar Hu Shi, overseas Chinese entrepreneur, contemporary theorist Hu Qiaomu, entomologist Hu Jingfu, physicist Hu Ning, mathematician Hu Shihua, botanist Hu Xiansu and pathologist Hu Zhengxiang.
The origin of Hu surname
Today, the population of Hu surname is all over the world. It can almost be said that where there are Chinese, there are people surnamed Hu. In China, it is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River valley, with Sichuan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces accounting for 36% of the total population of Hu, followed by Anhui, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hunan and Guizhou provinces accounting for 23% of the total population of Hu.
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Zhoukou, located in the hinterland of the Central Plains, has a long historical and cultural tradition and profound national cultural heritage, which plays an important and key role in the history of the survival and development of the Chinese nation. In particular, Huaiyang County, to which Zhoukou belongs, is worth a book in the history of surname culture development in China.
Huaiyang was called Wanqiu, Chen Yi, Chen Zhou, Chen County, Chen Jun, Huaiyang and Huaining in ancient times. One of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, the first man in Huang San, Tai Hao Fuxi, once established his capital here and died here. Taihao Fuxi weaves nets here and teaches people to fish and hunt, which opens the door to China's animal husbandry; Draw gossip, divide yin and yang, and inspire people's wisdom; China people get musical beauty by making mounds and harps and musical instruments. The Chinese nation began to move towards the era of civilization. In a word, Taihao Fuxi created the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation here, and made the Chinese nation out of ignorance and chaos.
One of the legendary Huang San, Shennong, Yan Di, once built its capital here, tasted herbs, studied medicine and taught people to cultivate crops, which laid a solid foundation for the agricultural culture of the Chinese nation and opened up the agricultural civilization of the Chinese nation.
Walking on the historical avenue, Huaiyang once established Chen State, one of the twelve vassal states of the Zhou Dynasty, which gave birth to the life source of nearly 100 million people with related surnames such as Chen, Hu and Tian. At the end of the Warring States Period, King Xiang of Chu moved his capital here. Later, Chen Sheng and Guangwu vowed to destroy Qiang Qin and rebuild Chu State here. During the Three Kingdoms period, Chen and Cao Zhi regretted burying eight talents here. ……
Ancient land, cultural relics and historic sites, such as stars, are bright and bright. In Huaiyang County alone, there are well-preserved Fuxi Mausoleum, Xiange where Confucius and Cai Chen were deprived of food, Guatai to commemorate Fuxi, tombs of celebrities in pre-Qin and later generations, and so on, just like the epitome of the development of Chinese civilization.
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Zhoukou, which has such a rich heritage of Chinese civilization, has begun to pay equal attention to the development and dissemination of regional culture and economic development in recent years, which is a commendable move. On the one hand, the development and dissemination of regional culture can increase cohesion and centripetal force, enhance the pride and self-confidence of all citizens, and improve the cultural quality and spiritual civilization level of citizens; On the other hand, it can enhance the image, expand the influence, enhance the outside world's understanding of themselves, and then increase their right to speak abroad.
Faced with such a rich heritage of Chinese civilization, how to develop, display and spread it. We think it is a great idea to hold the China Surname Culture Festival under the guidance of the relevant departments of the state and province. In order to run the first China Surname Culture Festival well, and then form a regular and symbolic cultural activity once a year, we think we should make more efforts in the following aspects.
First, adjust the concept and focus. Holding China Surname Culture Festival is not only related to tourism and attracting investment, but also to improving the national pride and self-confidence of the whole nation, to the all-round development of the city and the overall improvement of citizens' quality, to the overall promotion of the city image, to the sustainable development of the regional economy, and even to the display and dissemination of Chinese national culture. Only by raising the concept and understanding to such an extent can we avoid being too rigid, broaden our horizons, make it atmospheric and reflect the profound heritage of Chinese culture in the process of holding activities.
Secondly, scientific argumentation and comprehensive excavation. Rich and profound culture has its own laws. Only by knowing and mastering the laws can it be handy and easy to master. Understanding and mastering the law requires scientific argumentation and comprehensive excavation. Only in this way can we show the depth, publicity and communication.
Third, comprehensively integrate resources. Resource integration includes two aspects. One is the integration of the organizer's resources. Holding the Chinese surname culture festival is by no means a matter for individual departments. It is necessary for all staff to participate, mobilize, and uniformly allocate and coordinate the use of human, financial, material and information resources. The other is the integration of physical resources, which integrates all kinds of historical and cultural sites, cultural landscapes and various activities that need to be held in the future to form an organic whole and show it to the world in all directions. And consciously communicate, coordinate and interact with other similar activities in China, such as the Huangdi Mausoleum and Yandi Mausoleum, and finally form a win-win situation.
Fourth, strengthen publicity and improve the communication effect. In today's attention economy era, it is very important to strengthen publicity and active communication. To do this, we can use various media, including online media, to spread it purposefully, hierarchically and in all directions at home and abroad. Sometimes you can spread it by going out and inviting in. If necessary, we can also join hands with places where similar activities are held in China to enhance the penetration and shock of communication.
Fifth, combine cultural festival activities with daily activities. Through the above operations, plus the leadership's attention and management in place, it is expected that this year's China Surname Culture Festival will be well run, and in the future it will form a continuous and regular cultural festival that can reflect and represent Zhoukou's cultural characteristics. But even this would not be enough In addition to the annual cultural festival activities, we should also carry out daily surname root-seeking activities. Zhoukou is not only the place where all China people pay tribute to the Chinese ancestor Tai Hao Fuxi, but also the birthplace of Chen, Hu and Tian, and it is also an important place to pay homage to more than 40 surnames from Guangxi. Therefore, the construction of theme parks and the reconstruction of Gong Hu Iron Tomb will truly make Zhoukou the favorite place and root-seeking place of China people in the global surname system. Zhoukou's reputation and image are naturally spread and displayed all over the world.
Taihao Fuxi is the spiritual ancestor of the whole nation, Yan Di Shennong is also the spiritual sustenance of the whole nation, and Gong Hu nobles are the blood ancestors of China people in the global surname system. National is the world's. We sincerely hope that Zhoukou can successfully hold the first Chinese surname culture festival, which will highlight and spread the profoundness of Chinese culture and contribute to the peaceful rise of the Chinese nation in the new century. On the other hand, Zhoukou can truly become a window to the world.