(1) The common faults of household circuits are: the filament of the bulb is broken, the wire in the lamp holder is broken, and the wiring in the lamp holder or switch is loose, which belongs to the open circuit, that is, the open circuit;
(2) The situation shown in the figure is that the live wire and the neutral wire are connected, and a short circuit will occur.
So, the answer is: clear the way; short-circuit