Guan Yu (160-220) was born in Jiexian County, Hedong County (now Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province), and was called "Beard".
In his early years, he followed Liu Bei around and became brothers with Liu Bei and Zhang Fei. Therefore, although Guan Yu was treated well by Cao Cao, he took the opportunity to leave Cao Cao and follow Liu Bei. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Guan Yu helped Liu Bei and Zhou Yu attack the southern county where Coss was stationed, and then Liu Bei's power gradually grew, while Guan Yu was guarding Jingzhou for a long time.
In the twenty-four years of Jian 'an, Guan Yu gradually gained the upper hand in the military friction with Cao Ren, then went hand in hand with land and water, besieged Xiangyang and Fancheng, and used the autumn heavy rain to drown the seventh army, destroying all the troops who came to the rescue. Guan Yu shocked China, which made Cao Cao once have the idea of moving the capital to avoid Guan Yu's sharpness.
But later, Sun Quan of Soochow sent Monroe and Lu Xun to attack Guan Yu's rear. Guan Yu lost in the battle with Huang Xu, and finally lost ground and was killed.
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For thousands of years, Guan Yu, a historical figure, as the embodiment of "loyalty and courage", has gained extensive and consistent national identity among Chinese at home and abroad, and has been hailed as "warrior sage", "Guan Yu", "Guan Di" and "Guan Yun", forming a unique Guan Gong culture with "loyalty and courage" as its core content.
Guan Yu was originally a military commander, but he was loyal and brave because of "disloyalty" and eventually died. Therefore, for thousands of years, courtier Li Shu admired Guan Yu's "loyalty and courage" and regarded it as a model of loyalty and courage.
Emperors of past dynasties were loyal to each other and sealed Hou step by step, from "Hou and Wang, Wang and Emperor, Emperor and Sheng, Sheng and Tian". Its title eventually became "Loyal SHEN WOO's Spiritual Blessing of Guan Shengdi in Weixian County, Ren Yong".
With the emperors sealing Guan Yu, the title of Guan Yu's tomb is getting higher and higher. In ancient China, only the burial places of saints could be called "forests", such as Kong Lin and Menglin, while in Luoyang, Henan, the place where Guan Yu's head was buried was called Guanlin.
The tomb of the ancient emperor can only be called a mausoleum, but in Dangyang, Hubei, the tomb where Guan Yu's body was buried is called a mausoleum. In Xie Xian County, Shaanxi Province, there is a tomb to bury his soul. In Chengdu, Sichuan, there is also a clothes tomb. The head, body, soul and cenotaph are all rare in the history of China tombs.
People worship Guan Yu and build temples for him. In the fifth year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1727), the emperor ordered all provinces, counties and cities in the world to set up temples, giving them the Spring and Autumn Festival and the Longevity Festival, and sealing the three generations of Guan Yu.
After that, Guan Yu was praised and the temple was worshipped infinitely. It can be said that "people can light candles for five nights, and Kyushu burns incense everywhere", forming a "Wu Temple" dedicated to Guan Yu corresponding to the "Confucius Temple" dedicated to Confucius all over the world.
Guan Yu is as famous as Confucius in Wen Sheng, but Confucius Temple is generally a county and a temple, and temples are closed all over the country.
According to statistics, there are thousands of Guandi temples in China, including more than 40 in Taiwan Province Province alone, and more than 40,000 Guandi temples have been built in Chinese-inhabited areas in more than 40 countries, including the United States, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia and Australia.
Where there are temples, there are sacrifices, and where there are sacrifices, there are temple fairs. According to historical records, in the 20th year of Wanli of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1592), the Guanlin Temple Fair in Luoyang had three sacrifices, with a scale of ten thousand people.
On the day of the temple fair, incense was burned and sacrifices were made, and operas were performed for entertainment. There is a market trade in front of the temple, which integrates eating, drinking and shopping, and gradually becomes the local commodity trade center. Guan Yu has become the patron saint of businessmen, and "loyal Guan Yu" has become "Shang Guan Yu".
Merchants' shops and homes are dedicated to "Guan Yu Shen". As a god of wealth, Guan Yu's "infidelity" has formed a commodity trading criterion with "benevolence" and "righteousness" as the core, and formed a commodity trading morality of "seeking wealth with righteousness", which has therefore become an important content of Guan Gong's culture.
In recent years, Taiwan Province compatriots, Singaporeans, Malaysian Chinese and Chinese businessmen have returned to the mainland every year to hold sacrifices and cultural exchange activities in Guanlin in Luoyang, Guandi Mausoleum in Dangyang and Guandi Temple in Jiezhou. Chinese at home and abroad use "Guan" as a medium to carry forward the traditional virtues of "loyalty, righteousness and courage", spread Chinese righteousness and promote China's economic development.
People's Network-Guan Yu and Guan Gong Culture
Baidu encyclopedia-Guan Yu