Non-governmental organizations are free translations of English non-governmental organizations, abbreviated as NGOs. Non-governmental organizations are the names of western countries, generally referring to other organizations as opposed to government organizations.
Social organizations are the main body of public-to-public relations and the three elements of public-to-public relations. The word "social organization" in public relations is narrow.
It is a collection of * * * activities established by people according to certain purposes, systems and systems in order to effectively achieve specific goals. It has a clear boundary, a clear goal, a clear division of labor and a formal relationship structure aimed at coordinating the activities of its members, such as political parties, governments, enterprises, shops, factories, companies, schools, hospitals and so on.
Second, the characteristics are different.
Characteristics of non-governmental organizations
1, NGO
As a non-profit sector, non-governmental organizations are not government departments or their affiliated institutions, but non-governmental organizations. This feature of non-governmental organizations enables them to serve the society independently of the government. The non-governmental nature of non-governmental organizations enables their development to further promote the development of social democracy and provide impetus for the establishment of social democracy and legal system.
2. Organizational nature
The activity of non-governmental organizations is a group activity, not a scattered individual behavior. At the same time, the organization of NGOs provides an objective basis for regulating the behavior of NGOs. Because it is an organizational activity, its activity objectives and scope are eye-catching, which objectively forms an effective supervision of non-governmental organizations by society and law.
3. Public welfare
A notable feature of non-governmental organizations is the public welfare of non-profit activities. This kind of public welfare is not only a supplement to government failure and market failure, but also provides some public products that can be used by all the public as much as possible.
4. Autonomy
Non-governmental organization is also an autonomous organization, and its behavior is based on laws and regulations, so it has a high degree of autonomy.
5. Non-political
Non-governmental organizations do not participate in political activities, but belong to an intermediary organization. Therefore, non-political is a basic feature of non-governmental organizations. The non-political nature of non-governmental organizations gives them a very relaxed environment to creatively provide public welfare activities and public products for the society.
6. Non-religious
Non-governmental organizations are neither political nor religious. It is different from those religious activities. Religious activities are a kind of belief, but they do not necessarily provide beneficial public products for the society voluntarily. Non-governmental organizations do not have their own religious beliefs, but specialize in providing public goods and services to the society.
Characteristics of social organizations
1, specific organizational objectives. Organizational goals are generally clear and specific, indicating the nature and function of an organization, and people form social organizations engaged in the same activities around a specific goal. Organizational goal is the soul of organizational activities, which can be single or an internally related goal system.
2. A certain number of fixed members. The members of an organization are relatively fixed, and members clearly realize that they belong to an organization. Without fixed members, social organizations will lose their substantive foundation of existence. Joining or quitting an organization must be carried out according to certain procedures, especially the acquisition of organization membership is generally subject to organization assessment and review.
3. Institutionalized organizational structure. In order to achieve specific goals and improve the efficiency of activities, there are generally hierarchical positions and division of labor structures institutionalized according to functions and division of labor. Only by systematically coordinating the activities of various functional departments or individuals through the power structure of different posts can we successfully carry out organizational activities and achieve organizational goals.
4. Universal code of conduct. It usually appears in the form of articles of association as the basis for members of the organization to carry out activities. The code of conduct of an organization is something that every member must abide by. It restrains the activities of organization members through an auxiliary reward and punishment system to maintain the unity of organization activities.
5. Social organization is an open system. As far as every social organization is concerned, it not only exchanges materials, members and information with the surrounding environment, but also forms different organizational systems according to the relationship with other organizations, and carries out various forms of exchanges with the external environment on a larger scale and at a higher level.
Third, the formation process is different.
The formation process of non-governmental organizations
1The term NGO was first used in Article 7 1 of the Charter of the United Nations signed in San Francisco on June 26th, 945. This article authorizes the United Nations Economic and Social Council to "make appropriate arrangements for consultation with non-governmental organizations concerned with the management of the Council".
In 1952, the United Nations Economic and Social Council defined NGOs as "all international organizations not established according to intergovernmental agreements can be regarded as NGOs". At that time, this mainly referred to international NGOs. In the following ten years, the activities of non-governmental organizations themselves and their relations with the United Nations were at a low level, and there was almost no substantive development.
Until 1968, in the resolution 1296 adopted by the United Nations Economic and Social Council, the legal framework of the relationship between the United Nations and NGOs was stipulated. The resolution affirms the scope of non-governmental organizations, and at the same time allows non-governmental organizations to obtain advisory status in the United Nations Economic and Social Council and other agencies of the United Nations system.
Since then, the activities of non-governmental organizations have been consciously and widely introduced into the operation of the United Nations system.
The formation process of social organizations
In the early days of human society, the development level of the whole society was extremely low. At first, the group forms of people's activities were primitive groups linked by blood relationship, blood family and physical education collection, and village communities linked by geographical relationship. They are all primary social groups in the development of human physics.
With the development of social division of labor and the emergence of classes, the social relations between people and people's social activities become more and more complicated, and social organizations gradually form and play a role to meet the needs of physics and social members. But at this time, people's social relations and activities mainly appeared in the form of primary social groups.
2 1 century human society entered the industrial society, social productive forces developed rapidly, social division of labor became more and more detailed, and the relationship between social life and physics became more and more complicated. Primary social groups can't meet the needs of social development and social activities in many aspects. Therefore, the great development of social organizations to achieve specific physical goals and undertake specific physical history has become an inevitable trend of modern social development.
At present, the social organizations of other animals are mostly similar to those of early human society, while Hymenoptera insects such as bees and ants have formed a clear social organization-adults are divided into breeding bees, breeding ants, worker bees and soldier ants.
But eggs and larvae have no social organization, and their gender and development determine which social organization they will join after emergence-males can only be breeding bees and ants, and females can be any one of the three social organizations.
Baidu encyclopedia -NGO
Baidu encyclopedia-social organization