For modern people, he is the last sculptor in the old period (classicism period) and the first sculptor in the new period (modernism period). He left one foot in the classical courtyard, but the other foot has crossed the threshold of modernism. It can be said that Rodin opened the door to modern sculpture in the new era with his mature and powerful hands and creative spirit that was not bound by tradition. When the young artist rushed in and ran forward, he was old and could not walk. His creation has a great influence on the development of modern European sculpture.
Rodin prefers tragic themes and is good at discovering contribution and beauty from fragmentation, which makes his art have profound and profound character. Bronze Age
Use a young human body with rhythm and stretching like a plant to show the state that human beings have just come out of the bondage of nature to symbolize that human beings have come out of ignorance.
Bronze statue era
The characteristics of the times towards civilization. This work is quite different from the original style, so it has been attacked and vilified, and it has become the object of debate in the art world and has been attacked constantly. But history has proved that this human body is the original true symbol and vivid portrayal. Bronze, 1.74m high, created in 1876- 1877, now in France. 1870 when the Franco-Prussian War broke out, he was drafted into the army with blind nationalism and patriotism, and he retired home sick halfway. Penniless, he once carved the name of his teacher, Carriere Behles, on his statue to make money, but was found out and kicked out of the studio. A man who also studied in Bells Studio pulled him to make some traditional statues and sold them for money. Soon, he was disgusted with all this and wanted to escape and breathe some real artistic air. He went to Italy with what little money he had, where he left a deep impression. The long-simmering creative impulse in his heart finally broke out. He hurried back and killed a man for 18 months. He asked a beautiful young soldier to be his model. He made the statue with a stick in his left hand. When he was walking, he was suddenly shocked by what he saw. He stopped, looked up and stared, pulling his hair with his right hand. Very naive and natural. Naked men are endowed with ordinary humanity, showing people's anxiety, shyness and awe. It is as big as a real person and was originally named "the conquered".
After the exhibition failed, Van Ras encouraged him and suggested canceling the stick and changing its name.
Ugly beauty
It should be said that this name is appropriate, and it gives the statue a new meaning. It represents the transition of mankind from primitive society to civilized society and symbolizes "the dawn of mankind" or "the awakening of mankind". Really shaped a well-balanced and perfect young male body, the posture is very natural and vivid, the left leg supports the whole body, the right leg is slightly curved, and the toes touch the ground slightly. The left hand is like holding a stick, and the right arm is raised on the top of the head, and the muscles of the trunk and limbs fluctuate accordingly. His head leaned back slightly and his eyes were closed, as if he were waking up from a dream. The whole posture and facial expression are in harmony. He stretched himself out, getting rid of all the shackles and starting to radiate inner strength. The outline structure of the whole body is not only uniform and perfect, but also embodies accurate anatomical knowledge. At the exhibition, critics thought it was cast from the human body and became a dirty liar for a time. Protested to the Academy of Fine Arts, which sent a five-member jury to Rodin's studio. Without referring to any models, he created a male nude painting in public. In this impromptu portrait, there is no doubt that his precise anatomical knowledge and superb technology have been displayed, and it defeated this massive attack silently.
The gates of hell
This large sculpture * * * has 186 images, which is based on Dante's The Divine Comedy Hell. It lasted for 37 years and was still being revised until one year before his death. The Gate of Hell represents Rodin's more inner pain and depressed soul. For "land"
Sculpture "The Gate of Hell"
At the prison gate, Rodin spent a year reading Dante's Divine Comedy, immersed in Dante's imaginary world shaped by words, and depicted the eight floors of hell described in the book with more than 100 pictures. He used ink to outline the outline and brown watercolor paint to set off the shadow, reflecting the three-dimensional effect; Some paintings only directly interpret Dante's original intention, such as Frances Jia, Ugolino, all kinds of sinners in hell, and thinkers representing Dante himself. Some are not simple explanatory illustrations, but critical explanations. Rodin quickly developed this theme and introduced a series of new images. From these new images, it is not difficult to see the influence of the poet Baudelaire on him. Rodin wanted to create the whole world and show all kinds of human feelings to the fullest. The Gate of Hell was originally scheduled to be completed in 1884, but Rodin died after 37 years' delay. In the plaster model exhibited at 1900, almost all the round statues were completely deleted. After Rodin's death, The Gate of Hell was finalized by the first curator of Rodin Museum in Paris. 1926, this masterpiece was cast into a bronze statue and displayed in Rodin Museum in Philadelphia, USA.
God's civilization
The influence of Greek gods civilization and Christian civilization on the aesthetics of westerners can not be ignored. The civilization of Greek gods is a civilization of "happiness, tranquility, beauty, balance and rational life"; Christian civilization, on the other hand, exchanges physical suffering and sacrifice for spiritual loftiness, and is a civilization in which personality is sublimated. Rodin, on the other hand, fell in love with the profound introspection spirit of Christian civilization and the power shown by tragedy. In his heart, there has always been a religious shrine. From the original image of Father Emma, to John the Baptist in youth, and then to Calais citizens in middle age, all of them reflect the sculptor's compassionate and solemn religious feelings. In order to express the life in those sports, the gate of hell carved 186 images that constantly struggled and tortured themselves for lust, fear and ideals. Among them, there are heroic bodies and soft nudes, and their main images later became independent works. The central theme of the work is to comprehensively express Rodin's philosophical point of view through the implication of "From me to the city of distress, from me to the abyss of sin, you came in and left all your hopes behind", and to concentrate the evil of modern civilization on the "gate" by using multi-structure forms, symbolic composition and walking mode of real people, which runs through various feelings such as hope, disillusionment, death and pain.
Thinker
This work combines profound spiritual connotation with complete characterization, which embodies the basic characteristics of Rodin's sculpture art. Rodin's human sculpture not only shows the profound beauty of the human body, but also contains profound and eternal spirit. This is a powerful and full of internal force, mature and
Statue the thinker
And a profound image. The body with a strong sense of life has shrunk dramatically in extremely painful thinking. It seems that all the details of the human body are driven by an invisible pressure, tightly gathering and shrinking, as if his dignified and profound thinking are caused by the strength of the whole body. Rodin believes that profound thoughts are expressed through a vibrant human body, so his human body sculpture not only shows the vigorous beauty of the human body, but also embodies the profound and eternal spirit.
The Thinker was exhibited in the salon on 1904, but this huge statue made Rodin suffer another fierce attack in his later years. Supporters of the Academy of Fine Arts and the French Academy call them "monsters" and "apes". Rodin's friends raised 654.38+500,000 francs to buy the statue as a reply to the opposition. They presented the statue to the city of Paris and prepared to stand in front of the Pantheon. Rodin concluded that the City Hall would not allow The Thinker to be erected in Paris, but the other side proposed a compromise: Rodin agreed to refund the advance payment of Hell's Gate plus interest, and the City Hall accepted The Thinker and erected it in front of the Pantheon. Rodin was comforted. This will be his first work standing in a public square in Paris. At the same time, the art department bought a copy of The Thinker and gave it to the Metropolitan Museum of New York as a gift. The officially completed bronze statue of the thinker was placed in front of the Pantheon. The Thinker is Rodin's greatest masterpiece in his later years, which has been playing a powerful role in the subsequent social process. Especially in the early 20th century, it was regarded as a symbol of the power to transform the world. Lenin once told two young representatives who had to go to London to attend the Russian Social Democratic Party Congress that they had to go through France. You must go and see Rodin's The Thinker.
Citizens of Calais
Citizen of Calais, bronze, 208.5× 239× 190.5cm, created by French sculptor Rodin 1884- 188.
In 6 years, the existing French city of Calais. This work is a large-scale monument sculpture, which is based on a magnificent and real historical situation.
It shows a noble spiritual integrity and sacrificial behavior, and vividly depicts the emotions and personalities of different characters in the face of death with delicate and profound psychological expressions. At the same time, it also broke through the traditional monument sculpture scheme in the form of unique group image. Citizen of Calais is one of Rodin's representative works, which is based on a true story in history. /kloc-In the mid-4th century, when Britain invaded France, Calais was unable to resist and had to accept the surrender conditions: six prestigious citizens were sent to the British with Calais keys. These people had to wear hats, dress up as prisoners and tie ropes around their necks. In order to save the lives and property of Calais people, these six just people gave their lives with honor. /kloc-In the late 20th century, in order to commemorate the six citizens who died heroically, the Calais government decided to set up this memorial group sculpture in the city center. Rodin truly shaped this group of historical figures and endowed everyone with a unique personality and mental state, including determined people, desperate people and people who listened to nature.
Balzac
Balzac is a superstar of French literature in the19th century. His works are full of romantic passion and critical realism. Rodin admired him very much and was very happy to make a statue for him. So when 189 1, the French Writers Association commissioned Rodin to sculpt a Balzac statue, he immediately said, I think.
Sculpture Balzac
Do something extraordinary. Balzac died at the age of Rodin 10. Therefore, in image-building, he did a lot of reading and investigation, and did more than 40 image exercises before and after, deliberately depicting the face and spiritual characteristics of a generation of literary masters. Sculptors don't think it's important to shape Balzac into a similar shape. I think of his enthusiastic work, his hard life, his endless fighting, his great courage and spirit. I tried to show it all. Balzac portrayed by Rodin is a nocturnal image. Literary giant used to work at night in pajamas, so Rodin asked him to meditate under the stars in pajamas, which wrapped the standing literary giant. It is said that Balzac has a pair of wise hands in the manuscript. When Rodin asked Bourdel, his student and assistant, for advice, Bourdel praised him and said, "His hand is really well carved!" " "Rodin picked up a hammer and smashed these hands, because he was afraid that these hands would protrude too much, which made people ignore the main part. Now people see Balzac, his hands are tightly covered by robes, and his facial spirit is prominent. It seems that he walked alone and thought all night in the moonlight. After the work was completed, unexpectedly, the customer refused to accept it, and even accused the statues of penguins, snowmen, coal piles, freaks and unformed larvae. Others think Balzac is a symbol of decadence and madness at the end of 19. Even some well-intentioned people think it is "too much philosophy and insufficient modeling". The French Writers Association decided to cancel the contract on the grounds that it was difficult for them to recognize Balzac's image in the "first draft". Faced with all these criticisms and accusations, Rodin said: "My Balzac statue, whose dynamics and appearance remind people of his life, thoughts and social environment, is inseparable from social life. He is a real living person. "He also thinks Balzac is like the peak of my life, the achievement of my life's struggle and the concentrated expression of my aesthetic ideal.
The characters he created are all the connotations of humiliation and real life. His artistic strength is not an external cry, but an expression of rational meaning, a natural explosion of inner feelings and thoughts. His adaptation of Hell's Gate based on Dante's Divine Comedy, a huge art project closely linked with architecture, took him 37 years in his later years and was not completed until his death. His works include Rodin's artistic theory. Rodin's life is a life of being attacked and ridiculed, and also a life of being understood and supported by others. But he always faces all this correctly with great personality. Rodin climbed all his life and finally reached another peak after Michelangelo. Rodin firmly believed that "art is emotion". All his works have proved this concept and profoundly revealed the rich feelings of human beings. In this respect, Rodin is the most outstanding master of romantic sculpture. But his greatness lies in his profound thoughts: he does not have the disadvantages that are easy to see in romanticism, such as superficial enthusiasm, empty exaggeration and false connotation. He prefers tragic themes and is good at discovering strength and beauty from breaking. This makes his art have profound character, touching and inspiring, and makes us wander in the waves of the soul, the meaning of life, the mystery of the universe and the magic of creation. From this point of view, Rodin surpassed romanticism, sects, times and regions and became a bright star in the historical galaxy. He sympathized with the working people at the bottom, loved the motherland, and devoted his life to the persistent pursuit of art and thinking hard about all kinds of pains in life. He initiated a brand-new era and created a brand-new artistic technique. The ideological and spiritual charm embodied in his works will always bring people a profound sense of beauty and inspire people to keep thinking.