Since the implementation of engineering construction supervision in China, the construction supervision unit has gradually developed into one of the main bodies of the construction market, playing an important role in supervision, management, organization and coordination in engineering construction activities. Their quality and level directly affect the construction level and investment benefit of engineering construction projects and the supervision effect of engineering construction projects. At the same time, the supervision effect also reflects the supervision level of the construction supervision unit. Only when the target value that supervision should achieve is made clear in the project supervision work can the project management control have a basis. Therefore, the target values of project quality, progress and investment have become the main contents of the work objectives of supervision units, which need to be studied and determined first. Only when the control objectives of project quality, progress and investment are set reasonably, accurately and effectively can the supervision objectives be clearly set, thus ensuring the quality of supervision work and achieving good supervision results.
The supervision effect in the construction stage is a comprehensive reflection of the effects of project quality control, schedule control and investment control. If the three control objectives of the project are achieved well, the project supervision effect will be good. On the contrary, it is poverty. From the above point of view, this paper analyzes and studies the objectives of construction quality control and construction progress control in the construction stage of engineering projects by using fuzzy causal analysis and fuzzy network planning respectively, so as to enhance the rationality, accuracy and scientificity of objective control and achieve the purpose of engineering construction supervision.
1 Fuzzy Causality Analysis in Project Quality Control
Construction is the stage of forming an engineering entity, and it is also an important stage of forming the final product quality, so the quality control in the construction stage is the focus of the quality control of the engineering project. The purpose of quality control is to find out whether there are systematic factors affecting quality in time, so as to take preventive measures in time and keep the project quality under control. Therefore, the effect of quality control often depends on whether the supervisor can find out the factors affecting the project quality in time and take preventive measures in time. Because it takes a lot of energy to find the primary and secondary factors that affect the engineering quality, and this search is still in the qualitative stage. Based on the uncertainty of influencing factors of engineering quality, the causal relationship between engineering quality and its influencing factors is fuzzy. In this section, a mathematical method to deal with this fuzzy causal relationship quantitatively is proposed by combining fuzzy mathematical method with engineering causal analysis diagram method. Using this method, we can find the primary and secondary influencing factors that lead to engineering quality problems.
1. 1 Total control of quality factors in the project
Quality control in construction stage is a systematic control process that runs through the whole process of input quality control → production quality control → output quality control. Because engineering construction is also a kind of material production activity, in the whole process of system control, the five factors that affect the quality of engineering entities, that is, the four 4 MIEs, should be fully controlled. Quality factors refer to people, materials, machines, methods and environment. Strict pre-control of these five factors is the key to ensure the quality of engineering construction.
(1) artificial control. People refer to the decision makers, organizers, commanders and operators who directly participate in engineering construction. As the object of control, people should avoid making mistakes; As the driving force of control, we should fully mobilize people's enthusiasm and give play to the leading role of human factors. In the quality control of engineering supervision, we should investigate and analyze the influence of people on quality from the aspects of leadership quality, people's theoretical and technical level, people's physical defects, people's psychological behavior, people's wrong behavior and people's violations of discipline and discipline.
② Quality control of materials and components. Materials (including raw materials, finished products, semi-finished products and components) are the material conditions for engineering construction. Without materials, it is impossible to construct. Material quality is the foundation of engineering quality. If the material does not meet the requirements, it is impossible to meet the requirements. Therefore, strengthening material quality control is an important guarantee to improve engineering quality. In the quality control of engineering construction, the influence of materials on quality should be investigated from the aspects of material quality standards, performance characteristics, scope of application, production qualification, procurement and supply, inspection, storage and custody, construction use and finished product acceptance.
③ Quality control of construction machinery and equipment selection. Construction machinery and equipment is an important material basis to realize construction mechanization and an indispensable facility in modern engineering construction, which directly affects the progress and quality of the project. Therefore, in the engineering construction stage, we must comprehensively consider the construction site conditions, building structure, mechanical equipment performance, construction technology and methods, construction organization and management and other factors, participate in the formulation and evaluation of the contractor's mechanized construction plan, and make it reasonably equipped and used. From the point of view of ensuring engineering construction quality, the selection of mechanical equipment, main performance parameters of mechanical equipment and operation requirements of institutional equipment are mainly considered.
④ Control of methods. Method control mainly refers to the control of construction scheme. Whether the construction scheme is correct or not directly affects whether the schedule control, quality control and investment control objectives of the project can be successfully realized. Therefore, when participating in the formulation and review of the construction scheme, the supervision engineer must make a comprehensive analysis from the aspects of technology, organization, management, technology, operation and economy, so as to make the scheme technically feasible, economically reasonable, technologically advanced, effective in measures and convenient in operation, which is conducive to improving quality, speeding up progress and reducing costs. In order to ensure the construction quality of the project, we should focus on strengthening the control of the technical scheme, technological process, organizational measures, testing means and construction organization design of the project.
⑤ Control of environmental factors. The influence of environmental factors on engineering quality is complex and changeable. There are not only various climatic conditions, geological conditions and hydrological conditions, but also the environment of the former process. In addition, environmental factors are closely related to the construction scheme and technical measures. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to control the environmental factors affecting the quality according to the characteristics and specific conditions of the project. When making control plans and measures, comprehensive consideration and analysis should be made to achieve the purpose of effective control. In the process of construction quality control, the engineering technical environment (such as engineering geology, hydrology, meteorology, etc.) should be controlled. ), engineering and management environment (such as quality assurance system, quality management efficiency, etc. ) and working environment (such as labor combination, labor tools, working face, etc. ) affecting the quality of the project.
1.2 quality control causal analysis chart method
The vast majority of quality problems in engineering can be solved by simple statistical methods. Only by widely applying statistical techniques can the efficiency and benefit of quality management be continuously improved. Seven tools and methods commonly used in quality control are: hierarchy method, questionnaire method, causal analysis chart method, pareto chart method, correlation chart method, histogram method and control chart method.
Causality analysis chart is also called characteristic factor chart. Because it is shaped like branches or fishbones, it is also called fishbone diagram, fishbone diagram and branching diagram. Through the Pareto Diagram, we can find the main factors that affect the quality, but finding problems is not the ultimate goal of quality control, its purpose is to find out all kinds of reasons that cause quality problems, so as to take measures to correct them. Causality analysis chart is an effective tool to analyze the causes of quality problems.
The method of causal analysis diagram is to put the problem to be analyzed on the right side of the diagram and point to the quality problem to be solved with a main pole with an arrow. Generally, it is analyzed from five aspects: people, equipment, materials, methods and environment. This is the so-called truth. For specific problems, these five reasons do not necessarily exist at the same time. In order to find a solution to the problem, it is necessary to further decompose the above five aspects, namely, middle cause, minor cause or minor cause, and the relationship between them is also indicated by arrows with arrows, as shown in figure 1.
Attention should be paid to finding out the quality problems when drawing, so as to find out the reasons. At the same time, it is necessary to solicit opinions widely and correctly, especially those with on-site practical experience, and concentrate relevant personnel to analyze and determine the main reasons. Thoroughly analyze the reasons, from big to small, from coarse to fine, and grasp the real reasons.
2 Application of fuzzy network planning technology in project schedule control
Project schedule control refers to a series of activities such as planning, implementation, inspection, coordination and information feedback on the work sequence and duration of each construction stage of the project. The ultimate goal of schedule control is to ensure the realization of the project delivery time target. The overall goal of project schedule control is the construction period. In the process of implementing project schedule control, supervisors should not only review the schedule provided by design units and construction units, but also prepare the schedule and take effective measures to ensure the realization of project schedule objectives. Because the overall goal of schedule control is the construction period, the influence of schedule control on the project can be reflected by the supervision's control and management of the construction period during the project implementation. This section intends to study the progress plan in progress control work from the perspective of construction period, so as to achieve good progress control effect. A network plan is a progress plan represented by a network diagram. At present, network planning technology has become the most effective tool for construction supervision schedule control. This is because the use of network planning can clearly express the logical relationship between tasks, facilitate finding out the key tasks that affect the construction period, improve the controllability of the plan, optimize and adjust the plan, and rationally use the maneuvering time to achieve the purpose of reducing costs. This technology has been used to control the progress of many large-scale projects in China. Internationally, it is often the technology that must be used for schedule control promised in the contract. However, in the process of project implementation, many random and fuzzy uncertain factors are not reflected in the traditional network diagram, and in some specific cases, they cannot reflect the actual construction process of the project. For example, program evaluation and review technique (PERT) can handle the randomness of operation duration, but it cannot handle the ambiguity. The calculation formula of operation duration sometimes can't reflect the engineering practice, and the traditional network diagram can't accurately reflect the space interval time and process interval time of overlapping operations. Due to the existence of fuzzy influencing factors in the process of engineering implementation, a fuzzy network model which can be directly applied to engineering fuzzy system is proposed on the basis of traditional network model and fuzzy set theory.
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