With the establishment and improvement of the socialist market economic system and the deepening of reform, the pace of reform in the field of engineering cost is also accelerating. The original project cost management system can no longer meet the needs of the socialist market economy system, especially after China's accession to the WTO, this system can no longer meet the needs of participating in the international engineering consulting market operation and competition. In particular, the implementation of the legal person responsibility system for construction projects has increased the legal person's responsibility and risk for the construction project cost, and objectively requires the whole process cost management for construction projects. Different from the traditional relative static cost determination method based on resource consumption. The whole process cost management of engineering projects requires that when determining the cost, we should first analyze the specific activities and processes of the project, and then determine the resource consumption and occupation of the project according to the process of carrying out the project activities and the technical methods and ergonomics level adopted in carrying out the project, and finally determine the project cost.
First, the necessity of participating in and strengthening the whole process cost management of engineering construction projects
1. The construction project cost consulting unit is an important part of the intermediary service system in the construction market and a link between the government, the market and enterprises. Large-scale and reputable cost consulting units can act as agents for owners and contractors, so that the government can achieve its goals only through indirect management means rather than direct management of projects. From investment estimation, design budget, construction drawing budget to bidding contract price, and then to project settlement and final accounts, the whole pricing process should be completed by the cost consulting unit. Therefore, cultivating and perfecting the whole process cost consulting service is an important content to improve the investment benefit, ensure the project quality and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of both parties.
2. With China's entry into WTO, China has formally entered the scope of world economic integration. The opening of the market will break through the constraints of demand and resources under closed conditions and greatly improve the allocation efficiency of building resources in China. According to the principle of effective utilization of social resources, the demand for cost consulting services in the whole process of construction projects will continue to grow. It will be a good use of social resources if the engineering cost consulting unit can provide effective consultation in all important links of engineering cost management.
3. With the deepening of reform, the establishment of project management systems such as project bidding system and project legal person responsibility system, and the emergence of new businesses such as project claim, project feasibility study and project financing, objectively, a group of talents who are familiar with economic law, economic management, project measurement and valuation, and project cost management are also needed to assist investors in all-round cost management of investment projects. As a social intermediary service organization, the engineering cost consulting organization plays an increasingly important role in the construction project cost management in China and even the whole capital investment market, which also makes it possible for the engineering cost consulting organization to participate in and strengthen the whole process cost management of the project.
Second, how to strengthen the whole process of construction project cost management
In the specific procedure of the whole process cost management, it is necessary to determine the accuracy of the analysis of the project's activities first, and then collect, sort out and analyze the activity data, and describe the activity level and process of the project in the form of chart model. On this basis, a list of capacity occupation and resource consumption of specific activities of the project is formed to reflect those capacities used in the process of specific activities. Consumed those resources. Then, you can refer to this list and calculate the specific cost according to the market price or market forecast price of resources, and finally get the total cost of the project. When controlling the project cost, we should also make full use of the ability and resources for the project activities. The advantage of this activity management method is that it can make decisions specific and targeted, which is conducive to the continuous improvement of the operation level of engineering projects and easy to evaluate the financial performance of enterprises.
The following is a detailed analysis of how to strengthen the whole process cost management of the project from each stage of project construction:
1. The project decision-making stage is the beginning of cost management. In the decision-making stage of project investment, the economic decision-making and various technologies of the project have a decisive impact on the project investment and the economic benefits after the project is completed, which is a very important stage of project investment control. Specifically, in the project decision-making stage, after the project proposal of a new project is approved, the engineering cost consulting agency should conduct a comprehensive and sufficient investigation, analysis and demonstration on whether the proposed project is technologically advanced and applicable, economically reasonable and beneficial, whether it can create social benefits, and the implementation of funds according to the basic requirements of the long-term development plan of the national economy and the economic development plan of various industries in regional economic development, and do a good job in feasibility study. Provide a reliable basis for decision makers to decide the project. The project cost in the investment decision-making stage has a decisive influence on the whole process of construction projects. Feasibility study and investment decision of construction project are the sources of project cost. Reasonable cost determination is the key to evaluate construction projects and carry out follow-up work.
2. In the project design stage, the design expenditure only accounts for less than 1% of the whole life cost of the construction project, but its impact on the project cost accounts for more than 75%, and it is often ignored. Therefore, engineering cost consulting institutions should take the cost management in the design stage as the focus of the whole process cost management. The preliminary design estimate of the project has certain accuracy and reaches the depth stipulated by the state or industry, which is the premise of effectively controlling the project cost. Grasping the key of design and controlling the project cost can achieve twice the result with half the effort. The cost control in the design stage is the source control of cost, and it is also the most fundamental and important control.
3. The project bidding stage is an important part of cost management. Can be entrusted by the owner to prepare the physical bill of quantities (or pre-tender estimate) and a series of related documents. Pre-tender estimate is the core work of bidding management, because it is the basis for determining the contract price of the project. Only with a scientific pre-tender estimate can we correctly judge the rationality and reliability of the quotation, make correct decisions when bidding, strictly implement the regulations on project bidding management, and grasp the rationality and reliability of the bidding price. In bid evaluation and calibration, the legality of cost practitioners and cost compilation basis is taken as the basis to judge whether the fixed price is legal and effective, so as to ensure the scientific and reasonable price. Provide socialized services for tender quotation and pre-tender estimate preparation in the tangible construction market and create a level playing field.
4. In the project implementation stage, cost management can not be ignored. Project implementation stage is the formation stage of construction products, and it is also the most difficult and complicated stage of cost management in the whole process of construction projects. At this stage, in addition to other construction costs generated with the passage of construction time, a large amount of investment funds are constantly "materialized" through construction links, and finally fixed assets are formed to realize project investment. Effective cost control can well regulate the behaviors and interests of both contracting parties, that is, reduce the input cost of the owner, increase the profit of the project, and urge the contractor to standardize the construction behavior. As an engineering cost consulting organization, in actual operation, it assists the owner in claim analysis in strict accordance with the agreement, distinguishes the responsibilities, puts forward counterclaims in time, and recovers unnecessary losses; According to the provisions of the contract and agreement, calculate the cost change caused by each change in time, and provide the basis for the owner's investment decision control.
5. The completion settlement stage is the stage that truly reflects the product price of the construction project, and it is also the terminal of project cost management. At this stage, we should carefully review the project budget and settlement, and put an end to the increased costs such as over-calculation of engineering quantity, high quota, high cost, unrealistic and unreasonable technical measures; According to the material price information, focus on whether to increase the material price; Strengthen contract management, implement contract item-by-item review system, and confirm and control project cost through legally binding contracts; In addition, after the project is completed and put into use, it is necessary to carry out post-project evaluation, analyze and compare the changes of project scope, progress and cost according to the original laws, sum up experience, sort out cost data and input them into the computer for future reference.
Three, create favorable conditions to participate in the whole process of construction project cost management
The new situation requires engineering cost consulting institutions not only to strengthen business knowledge learning, constantly improve themselves and keep pace with the times, but also to be guided by perfect laws and regulations, standardize and ensure the healthy and orderly development of the cost consulting market, and create favorable conditions for participating in the whole process of cost management of construction projects.
1. Establish a sound legal system and standardize the management of the engineering cost consulting market. First of all, establish perfect rules and regulations and strictly manage engineering cost consulting units. Formulate corresponding codes of conduct and norms of conduct, strengthen the management of consulting units, implement market access system, establish management manual system, implement strict annual review system, regularly check the work results and practice behavior of consulting units, and pass legislation: prohibit any industry and any system from practicing industry monopoly in the cost consulting industry; Cancel the regulation of "running concurrently" for cost consulting companies; Employees must be full-time personnel to ensure the fairness of the evaluation results; Strengthen the qualification examination of engineering construction units, improve the examination and filing system of construction contracts, and strengthen the monitoring of project pre-tender estimate, contract price and settlement price; Further improve the policies and regulations on consulting services, clarify the legal status of cost consulting services, regard consulting as a legal procedure in the decision-making process, and at the same time formulate the evaluation criteria for consulting services and the management measures for the registration of cost engineers.
2. The government should create a fair, just and open competitive market environment for the cost consulting industry from the aspect of policy guidance, cultivate the market mechanism, and use policy means to maximize the cost consulting business to the market. Give full play to the coordination and self-discipline of trade associations, make them perform their due social functions, minimize the direct intervention of the government, and truly make the association a social organization with substantive significance that can safeguard the interests of the industry, promote the development of the industry, communicate flexibly and play an obvious role as a bridge.
3. Establish self-operated partnership system, limited liability system and other organizational forms of engineering cost consulting institutions. After development, especially after decoupling, restructuring and standardized management, engineering cost consulting units have gradually embarked on the road of healthy development, gradually integrated with international practices, and fully played the role of intermediary institutions as "independent, objective and fair".
4. Fully implement the signature system of cost engineers as soon as possible. The newly promulgated Ministry of Construction OrderNo. 17. 107,2001came into effect on February 3, 2000, stipulating that "the pre-tender estimate, bid quotation, project settlement audit and project cost appraisal documents shall be signed by the cost engineer and stamped with the special seal for the practice of the cost engineer", which indicates that the signature system of the cost engineer in China has been established. With the deepening of the reform of engineering cost management system, the signature system of cost engineers should be fully implemented in all stages of construction projects from project initiation to final accounts. The cost engineer adjusts the contract price based on the visa, which makes the engineering cost consulting business diversified and extensive, and at the same time provides the contractor with scientific and fair services and authoritative suggestions. It is beneficial to reasonably determine and effectively control the project cost, and also reflects the requirements of the whole process management of construction projects.
5. Strengthen information management and computer application. In order to meet the needs of the development of efficient market economy, engineering cost consulting institutions should make full use of modern tools and means and apply advanced scientific management technology to realize benefits from scientific management; Further broaden the field of information services, improve the operation mechanism, strengthen the collection, processing and accumulation of information related to project cost, keep abreast of market conditions, grasp the dynamic development trend of prices, and serve the whole process of construction project cost management. Gradually replace government departments to exercise cost management functions, and government departments can get rid of tedious specific work such as investigation, calculation, summary and analysis. And indirectly manage and supervise the project cost.
6. Strengthen the quality education of engineering cost practitioners, so that professional and technical personnel can understand both engineering and economy, and have an engineering cost management team with excellent skills, excellent business, excellent politics, strong sense of responsibility and rich experience, improve the level of engineering cost management and promote the development of engineering cost consulting industry.
To sum up, project cost management is a technical, professional and policy-oriented work, which runs through all stages of investment decision-making, project design, bidding and construction. All relevant subjects in engineering construction should change their concepts, actively create conditions, and promote engineering cost consulting institutions to participate in the whole process of construction project cost management, so as to make due contributions to reasonably determining and effectively controlling construction project cost. At the same time, the government should strengthen the dynamic management of project cost, correctly guide the fair competition in the construction market, determine and adjust economic policies according to the objective laws of market operation, and issue corresponding legal policies, so that dynamic management can be reflected in comprehensively stabilizing the overall price level of the construction market, actively adjusting the market, and implementing indirect and guided management, which will play an important role in regulating and guiding the formation of an open, fair, just and orderly competitive construction market. Better use the whole process management of project cost to improve the overall level of project cost management in China.
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