With the large-scale urbanization and urban modernization, the area along the moat has changed from the edge of the city to a part of the central area, and the traffic pressure is getting bigger and bigger, and the aging industrial enterprises have also caused serious pollution to the urban environment. In order to change the disharmony between the landscape along the moat and the style of the ancient city, the Suzhou Municipal Party Committee and the municipal government started the Suzhou moat protection project, and the reconstruction of the south gate section started first.
In the design of this scheme, the author discusses how to implement the principle of sustainable development and organically combine water tourism around the city, road traffic, greening and leisure, ancient city protection and urban flood control. How to correctly treat the protection and development of historical and cultural cities and how to strengthen and create urban environment with local characteristics are seriously discussed.
1, environmental analysis
The planning area is located on the south bank of the south moat of Suzhou ancient city. The planning scope starts from the moat in the north, reaches the center line of the planning auxiliary road in the south, starts from Panmen Road in the west, and ends at the original Shisuwang Road in the east, with a total land area of 89.68hm2, which is divided into two areas, A and B. The north side of Nanmen Road is Area A, with a land area of 15.8hm2, and the south side of Nanmen Road is Area B. The planning road of Nanmen Road has a land area of 73.88hm2, a width of 34m and a total length of about 4km. This section echoes the ancient city river, the ruins of the city wall, Panmen Scenic Area and Guihua Park, and is the most natural and humanistic section of the ancient city ring road.
At present, the land use on both sides of the south moat is chaotic, and a large number of industrial storage land and some residential land are mixed. The coastline of the moat is occupied by freight terminals and residential buildings. Weak openness and poor building quality. Infrastructure such as transportation and pipe network is aging. The present situation fails to reflect the traditional features of Suzhou, a famous historical and cultural city with developed water network and beautiful scenery.
2. Urban structural transformation and functional integration.
According to the overall urban planning 1996, the south bank of the south moat is mainly the second-class industrial land. At present, a new round of Suzhou master plan is under preparation. Cancel the original Wuxian City, and set up Wuzhong District and Xiangcheng District in the south and north of the city respectively. This change in the overall urban pattern will undoubtedly have a great impact on the urban development strategy. Macroscopically, the resultant force formed by Chengbei District and Chengnan District will be strengthened. Wuzhong District is the historical and cultural hinterland of Suzhou, where important scenic spots and famous historical and cultural towns are basically located. On the existing basis, we should vigorously cultivate the taste and attraction of the south of the city in history and culture, and make the south moat area an important cultural gathering point and residential development land.
The functional orientation of the south gate section of the moat landscape protection zone around the city is: Suzhou ancient city around the city new city landscape boutique area, which integrates water tourism, road traffic, greening and leisure, ancient city protection, urban flood control and other systems, and is also a comprehensive area with reasonable layout of tourism, residence and corresponding supporting facilities. As a result, the planning has formed the functional zoning and overall structure of "three areas and one belt"
(1) Tourism commercial service area: within the range from Panmen to the west of Yutang Bridge (including plots A- 1, A-2, B- 1 and B-2), a comprehensive land with tourism service as the leading function is newly added, and plot A- 1 is for tourism, culture and entertainment. A-2 plots will be used for tourism business services, and tourism markets and catering services with local characteristics will be arranged; B- 1 plot is equipped with social parking lot and traffic transfer system, and the existing residential and commercial land is reserved; The B-2 plot will plan the land for tourism service functions, and build high-grade hotels with traditional characteristics and corresponding commercial service facilities.
(2) Downtown Lot-based Commerce: Within the planning scope of both sides of Ren Minqiao (including plots A-3, A-4, B-3, B-4, B-5, B-6 and B-7), the middle schools located in the southeast will be retained to continue the municipal commercial functions. Set up a traffic transfer station in plot B-3-05 (south of the present small commodity market); Plots B-4 and B-5 are Qiaotou Park between Nanmen Road and Renmin Road Interchange Ramp, which is dominated by green landscape; The A-3 plot and A-4 plot on the north side are mainly leisure green spaces.
(3) Living and residential area: within the range from the east side of Renmin Bridge to Midu Bridge (including plots A-5 ~ A-8 and B-8 ~ B- 13), comprehensive land with residential and leisure functions will be arranged. The middle section from Ren Minqiao to Nanyuan Bridge is mainly residential, and the north side is mainly leisure green space; The eastern part of Midu Bridge and Nanyuan Bridge is mainly residential, and the northern part is mainly ecological green space; Basically retain the residential areas on the east and west sides of Nanyuan Bridge, and set up a traffic transfer station on the west side of Cuihu Park; On the west side of Midu Bridge, residential groups with local characteristics and ecological concepts have been established.
(4) Tourism and sightseeing green belt around the city: that is, a tourism and sightseeing belt with the functions of transportation, greening and tourism (water and shore) as a whole. As an open green belt for leisure and sightseeing shared by tourists and citizens, the waterfront of Waicheng River is not only a transitional space between residential areas and the water surface of Waicheng River, but also an ornamental belt of ancient city landscape and natural landscape, achieving the effect of "the city is in the landscape, the scenery is in the city, and the city and the landscape blend".
3. Reconstruction of road traffic and urban flood control system.
3. 1 principle
The two land and water traffic belts (river course and Nanmen Road) and the pedestrian green belt, which is mainly horizontal and supplemented vertically, have their own functions, and at the same time, they are connected with each other in space to build a comprehensive transportation, public transportation and pedestrian transportation system that meets the needs of tourism, transportation, commerce and residential development in this area, and Nanmen Road is used as the flood control road along the Outer Urban River (Figure 6).
3.2 Transportation System Planning
(1) Improve the transportation system, and further distinguish the transportation function from the sightseeing function, the pedestrian system from the garage system, and the residents' streamline from the tourists' streamline. Reduce urban traffic by strengthening management.
(2) A comprehensive pedestrian system consisting of pedestrian green belts and sidewalks is adopted to integrate the tourism function with the residents' leisure function, making it suitable for living, leisure and sightseeing, and emphasizing the hydrophilicity along the river.
(3) On the basis of the existing road network, organize the opening of the auxiliary road in the south block of Nanmen Road to solve the traffic accessibility problem in the block and play a role in properly diverting the traffic flow of Nanmen Road.
(4) Organize diversified public transportation systems consisting of water tourism and public transportation, buses, taxis and cars.
(5) According to the planning and layout of cities and scenic facilities and the needs of traffic organization, according to the relevant specifications and the nature and scale of the clients, the social parking lots and public stations are rationally allocated, and traffic distribution squares, docks and shiplocks are set up. When planning, designing, developing and building these places, they should be regarded as an integral part of the landscape environment.
(6) Follow the basic principles of eco-city and open bicycle lanes around the city. In the form of a tree-lined road along the river, a special bicycle lane with proper twists and turns is designed.
3.3 South Gate Road Planning
South Gate Road starts from Panmen Road in the west, reaches the original Shisuwang Road in the east, intersects with Renmin Road and Nanyuan Road, the main road of the ancient city, with a total length of about 3 200m, which is the southern section of Huancheng River Road and a secondary trunk road along the Outer City River in the south of the city. The road grade is Class II of urban secondary trunk roads. Nanmen Road is a passage for industry, commerce and residents to travel between the southwest and southeast of the city, which effectively intercepts and diverts the traffic passing through the ancient city, reduces the traffic pressure of the ancient city, and also diverts the traffic of the central expressway to a certain extent. At the same time, Nanmen Road acts as a flood control levee, and the lowest elevation in the center of the road is 3. 12m (according to the once-in-a-century flood control standard, the elevation of the Yellow Sea is 3. 12m).
4. Integrate the space landscape system.
4. 1 principle
Based on the principle of showing the historical features of the ancient city of Suzhou and strengthening the landscape features of the typical water city of "parallel land and water, adjacent rivers and streets", the spatial landscape organization integrates the landscape elements of the ancient city river, Panmen scenic spot, city wall ruins and parks in this region, highlights the quaint historical features of Panmen, ancient pagodas and ancient city walls along the moat, shows the new look of the ancient city with a blend of classical style and modern atmosphere along Nanmen Road, and constructs a spatial landscape system matching with functional structure, road network system and green space system.
4.2 Spatial composition
(1) "Belt" refers to the tourist belt around the city. Nanmen section is a landscape road around the outer river of the ancient city, which integrates the functions of transportation, greening and tourism (water and shore). As a part of the tourism green belt around the city, the design attaches great importance to the integrity of the form, and strives to restore the use function of the water tourism space and strengthen the landscape design on both sides.
(2) "second line" refers to the reasonable organization of water and land travel routes. By adjusting the original route of the vehicle road along the outer city river, the walking along the river bank line is separated from the vehicle traffic, and it is reasonably combined with the tour route of the water system around the city to form a parallel tour route system. In the planning and design, in addition to adjusting the local landscape, the water sightseeing space is mainly designed, which increases the level of the near-water space and highlights the dynamic landscape effect. This not only meets the needs of land and water sightseeing and leisure activities, but also enriches the spatial form of water system around the city.
(3) "Three Districts" refers to Panmen, Nanmen and Nanyuan scenic spots, in which Panmen scenic spot includes Moonlight River Sound, Ruiguang Tower Shadow, Longpan Land and Water, Jishui Range Rover, Shuangqiao Yanyu, Qingfeng Willow and other scenic spots, while Nanmen scenic spot includes Hepu Smoky Wind, Light Yanyu Rain, Winding Path and Cold Plum, and Nanyuan scenic spot includes Nanyuan Xiao Chun, Midu Lanyue, Guihua Park and Cuihu. These scenic spots are an important part of the space and landscape of Nanmen Road. In the planning, scenic corridors, scenic spots and scenic spots are adopted, and the concept of "scenery in the city" is fully used, emphasizing the combination of spatial structure and nature in the overall layout.
(4) "Four Points" refers to the four important spatial nodes of Panmen, Ren Minqiao, Nanyuan and Midu Bridge, including various spatial nodes such as cultural relics, historical sites, street squares and scenic spots along the water system around the city (Figure 8). The design of these spatial nodes makes the spatial hierarchy more colorful.
(5) "Five verticals" refers to five vertical green axes, namely Panmen (Qingfeng Willow Scenic Area), the vertical green belt along the river of Midu Bridge, the street avenue of Renmin Road, Nanyuan Road and the vertical green belt of Cuihu Park. According to the river network and road organization of the block, vertical green belts are arranged along the urban rivers and introduced, so as to activate the internal landscape of the southern block and build a regional overall reticular green belt system.
5. Strengthen the characteristics of the ancient city.
5. 1 spatial mode
Following the principle of "keeping the double chessboard pattern and road landscape parallel to roads and rivers, and the river pattern of road network basically remains unchanged", it is in the same strain as the urban double chessboard pattern of Suzhou Ancient City, forming a four-line gradual transformation development model of ancient city river-ancient city green belt-Nanmen Road-Lu Lin block, highlighting the urban spatial pattern and pattern with rivers as the center, streets parallel to them and buildings facing the water.
5.2 Spatial images
(1) layout features. The planning and design of the south gate section emphasizes "hydrophilicity" and highlights the close relationship between water and buildings, streets and bridges. Especially in the entrance section of water intake nodes such as Panmen, it inherits the traditional layout of buildings with water pasting, water facing, pillow water and streets along the river, and retains the original ancient bridge in the block, making it the spatial focus on the river. From street to house, from house to river, from river to bridge, the architectural layout is ups and downs, patchwork, intertwined with reality, and the river is integrated with street, shop, house and bridge. Create a number of "hydrophilic spaces" closely combined with water, greening, pavilions and corridors, so that the whole block is full of rich water town customs (Figure 9, Figure 10).
(2) Architectural form. Suzhou's buildings are small in scale, light in shape, simple in facade and exquisite in posture. The planning and design of Nanmen road section uses its advantages of small volume, small scale and small proportion to expand the architectural space. The layout mode is mainly courtyard space and group layout, emphasizing the planning and design based on human scale.
(3) Architectural style and color. In addition to grasping the small spatial scale, the architectural style pays attention to inheriting the essence of traditional architectural styles such as light and soft shape, small and exquisite figure, white wall tile and sloping roof, which embodies the beautiful architectural art style of Suzhou. The architectural color uses white walls, black tile roofs, light beige granite bridges, river banks and docks, steps, millet doors and windows and other elements to form an elegant and simple architectural tone of the block.
5.3 Space environment
(1) overall spatial characteristics. The plan tries to create a riverside landscape with both the traditional characteristics of Suzhou ancient city and the open and spacious urban green space in Panmen-Renmin Bridge, which sets off the quaint historical features of Panmen, ancient pagodas and ancient city walls (Figure 1 1).
In the section from Ren Minqiao to Midu Bridge, the landscape along Nanmen Road will be built. The green landscape and architectural landscape will be integrated, and the classical style and modern style will complement each other harmoniously, showing the new look of the developing ancient city.
(2) measures. (1) Riverside Green Belt: A large area of land is set aside along Riverside Street for greening, and a riverside pedestrian green belt is built in combination with the terrain. Lakes and mountains are dotted with rocks, flowers and trees are planted to form multi-level revetment, hydrophilic steps or linear hydrophilic platforms are set locally, and viewing platforms are built in combination with viewing nodes such as docks (Figure 12, Figure 13). Traditional materials are used for barge stone, and stone and brick materials with local characteristics and similar texture to traditional materials are used for pavement of pedestrian green space.
Considering flood control, landscape, space utilization and other factors, the elevation of the road is set at 3. 12m, and the elevation of the embankment, flower pond and railing on the north side of the road is 3.32m, so the whole road can withstand the flood once in 200 years. According to the technical requirements of visual landscape, walking recreation and slope protection engineering, combined with the height difference between adjacent ground and water level (once-in-a-century flood control elevation is 3. 12m, the current fortification water level is 2.2m, and the normal water level is 1.2m ~ 1.4m), artificial slope protection or natural vegetation slope protection, single-stage slope protection or multi-stage slope protection are adopted.
(2) Street view of the block: the building layout is neat, the convex and concave are orderly, the building level is patchy, the building shape is light and soft, and the building facade is neither the same nor too complicated. Store logo, cover, lighting, window modeling, store facade, entrance layout, etc. Strive to reflect the rich traditional characteristics and local style of Suzhou.
(3) Waterway landscape: create more beautiful water landscapes to add color to the water environment of the river and the space environment of the block, such as picking out pavilions and cloisters to rest in the light and ethereal two-story bridge crossing the river and riverside area, so that water can be organically combined with buildings, bridges and riverside green spaces. Clever and appropriate, so that street view and water lane landscape have moving and rich artistic charm.
5.4 Historical and Cultural Protection and Reuse of Historical Resources
The planning and design of the block not only maintains and strengthens the historical features of Suzhou, but also links with history and continues the context. It protects the environment with psychological images and cultural relics and ancient buildings, and organically organizes them in the overall environment of the block.
On the basis of the existing residential community, the traditional space will be transformed, and the Panmen amphibious commercial and cultural tourist street will be properly restored to form the traditional architectural landscape along the river. Build an amphibious stage, a pingtan teahouse and a number of traditional handicraft workshops. , fully display the excellent traditional culture of Suzhou.
In the long run, the existing industries in the south of the city will implement functional replacement, which is conducive to the development of new urban functions and the rise of dynamic industries. Consider using some valuable buildings and their environment in the existing textile mills to build a theme leisure park with traditional textile industry museums as the main part, supplemented by supporting leisure places and facilities, so that the traditional urban texture can be continued and play a new role in the new urban pattern.
5.5 block building sketch
On the basis of inheriting the traditional layout of "Garden in the City", the planning and design of Nanmen section strives to build a "city with real mountains and waters". Therefore, the planning requires that every sketch, sculpture, pavement, revetment form, plant configuration and planting method in the block should be designed by the city to further garden the block environment. In order to embody the characteristics of Suzhou traditional culture in block buildings, study the road landscape with local cultural characteristics, and create the road space landscape around the ancient city with strong local cultural characteristics, it is necessary to design a set of street furniture with traditional significance, including street lamps, seats, bus stops, telephone booths, billboards, garbage bins, railings, pavement paving, etc. And through yacht wharf design, bus shelter design, gate entrance design, architectural lighting design and other ways and means to integrate it into Suzhou culture. This not only enriches the architectural space, but also improves the cultural taste of block buildings.