Domestic garbage is a by-product of human life. With the rapid development of social economy and the high concentration of urban population, the output of domestic waste is increasing gradually. General domestic waste can be divided into five categories: waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and biological waste. The main hazards of garbage to human life and environment are:
First, it occupies too much land. Garbage piled up in the suburbs of the city occupies a lot of farmland. At present, the average annual output of garbage in Beijing is 440 kilograms per person, and the annual output of the whole city is about 4 million tons, which is equivalent to two semi-scenic mountains. There are more than 4,500 garbage dumps in Beijing, covering an area of 1 1,000 mu. Garbage stays in nature for a long time: cigarette butts and woolen goods 1-5 years; Orange peel for 2 years; Painted wooden board 13 years; Nylon fabric for 30-40 years; Leather for 50 years; 80- 100 cans; Plastics 100-200 years; Glass 1000. To this end, we should not only make less garbage, but also pay attention to the classification and recycling of garbage, so as to turn waste into treasure. Use less disposable chopsticks, cups, lunch boxes and other products, and use more reusable products to reduce the consumption of precious forest resources; Use less plastic bags and shopping bags to reduce the harm of "white pollution" in cities; Buy fluorine-free refrigerators, air conditioners and other environmental protection appliances to protect the atmospheric ozone layer; Use less high-concentration detergent and use phosphorus-free washing.
Clothing powder reduces water pollution.
Second, pollute the air. Garbage is a complex mixture. In the process of transportation and open-air stacking, the decomposition of organic matter produces stench, which releases a lot of pollutants such as ammonia and sulfide into the atmosphere, including 100 kinds of volatile organic gases, which contain many carcinogens and teratogens. Plastic film, paper scraps and dust fly with the wind, forming "white pollution".
Third, pollute the water source. Harmful components in garbage are easily washed into underground water by rainwater, and a large number of acidic and alkaline organic pollutants will be produced during garbage stacking or pit filling, and heavy metals in garbage will be dissolved. Leachate produced by garbage pollution sources will penetrate into groundwater through soil; If garbage is directly thrown into rivers, lakes or oceans, it will cause more serious pollution. You see: plastic bottles and lunch boxes floating on the sea surface of the Summer Palace and Beihai, plastic bags and bread paper hanging on the branches scattered on the forest mountain roads in Xiangshan and Badachu. Some tourists just want their own convenience, which has caused environmental pollution. If animals eat white garbage by mistake, it will not only harm health, but also lead to death.
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