The essence of supply chain financing is to provide various financing services for upstream and downstream enterprises on the basis of mastering the stable supply chain and credit strength of core enterprises, thus effectively activating the operation of the whole industrial chain, expanding production and sales, and improving the market competitiveness of core enterprises. The following are the difficulties and measures of supply chain financing for major customers. Welcome to read and browse.
Bottlenecks and difficulties in the financing practice of supply chain of group's major customers
1. The internal motivation of core enterprises is weak. Most large group enterprises have professional upstream and downstream credit management teams and management systems, and have formed an integrated business model of production, supply and marketing in the long-term operation. Therefore, the upstream and downstream supply chain members that banks can choose are basically secondary or tertiary suppliers and distributors, and the basic contract of accounts receivable is also a consignment contract with the core enterprise sales company.
Because of mastering the core values of industrial chain and value chain, core enterprises are in an advantageous position in the negotiation of upstream and downstream transactions. Powerful core enterprises can usually improve their time to occupy upstream and downstream funds through the financial management mode of selling suppliers on credit and requiring dealers to pay advance payment, while the supply chain financing scheme requires core enterprises to play a key role in integrating the whole supply chain. As the organizer, manager and ultimate beneficiary of the supply chain, core enterprises also need to optimize the financial supply chain. Core enterprises are often worried that supply chain financing may increase their responsibilities, risks and workload, and also worry about reducing their freedom to extend the payment period. As the chain length of supply chain, the attitude of core enterprises is related to the market prospect of supply chain financial business. Therefore, it is an urgent problem for banks to solve the incentive of core enterprises.
2. The benefit sharing mechanism is implicit. Some core enterprises' financial strategies that embody individual rationality based on individual cost and cash flow optimization are often at the expense of the financial interests of upstream and downstream enterprises. Supply chain members do not have a strong sense of belonging to the core enterprises, which also leads to? Credit chain? It is difficult to establish. This situation not only leads to the limited chain that banks can choose to develop, but also needs to carefully evaluate the effectiveness of the internal restraint mechanism of the supply chain.
On the other hand, for the core enterprises, the supply chain financing solution may not directly bring benefits, but the core enterprises can help the supply chain member enterprises to finance by virtue of their strong credit and strength, reduce the financing cost of the whole supply chain, realize the smooth cooperation of all links in the supply chain, and thus enhance the competitiveness of the whole supply chain. Under this condition, the benefits of credit introduction to core enterprises in supply chain finance are invisible, and core enterprises often think that they have not benefited, but that banks and suppliers have enjoyed direct benefits, so they lack enthusiasm and motivation.
3. The entry threshold for core enterprises is high. Supply chain financing is actually financing small and medium-sized enterprises with the help of good business reputation and strong performance ability of large enterprises. Therefore, banks usually set a high entry threshold for the choice of core enterprises. For example, a product of a bank requires the enterprise to be the industry leader, and its sales revenue in the previous year exceeded 5 billion yuan. At the same time, core enterprises are required to have a mature evaluation management system for upstream and downstream suppliers and have strong control over suppliers. Because satellite enterprises do not need to provide guarantees and collateral, and they are not necessarily the original customers of banks, banks generally require a higher credit rating, especially in the absence of factoring, requiring financing enterprises to reach AA level or above. In order to ensure the timely and accurate information, banks, core enterprises and logistics companies need to be fully docked. Banks have more compliance requirements for loan funds and post-loan management, and the high entry threshold greatly limits the practice of this product in many enterprises.
4, information technology lags behind, and multi-party cooperation is difficult.
The financial service of supply chain financing is a systematic project. As a business with high operating cost, the application degree of information technology is highly related to the saving of operating cost. In order to effectively meet the financing needs of upstream and downstream customers in batches, banks often provide online operating system solutions with the help of online banking technology. But at the same time, it also puts forward higher requirements for the information system of core enterprises. For example, the core enterprise should have a perfect ERP management system, which can provide the transaction data and information of suppliers accurately and timely, and have a long-term and stable credit record. , its trading mode should be relatively stable. Supply chain management system platform and bank online banking system platform can be smoothly docked, and information such as orders, receiving invoices and transaction records in the platform system can be sent to banks in time. However, due to the inconsistent level of technology application among enterprises, logistics and banks, the information flow required by supply chain finance has not yet been realized. The docking process of logistics, capital flow and business flow is complex, which requires long-term communication and running-in between banks and core enterprises, and requires high R&D costs. However, the development and construction of an electronic platform for supplier financing has put forward higher requirements for information technology of banks and core enterprises.
Application and development countermeasures of supply chain financing
1. To strengthen target customers and promote the marketing of supply chain financing business to core enterprises, it is necessary to convince enterprise decision makers to realize the significance and value of supply chain financing from a strategic perspective from their fundamental interests and fundamentally solve their motivation problems. As Wang Zhichao, director of Yibo Logistics Consulting Project, said: For the core enterprises of supply chain financing, financing income has become the first income of the core enterprises. For example, UPS's supply chain revenue has become the number one contributor to corporate profits. Core enterprises can integrate the resources of upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain through supply chain financing, and obtain three-dimensional benefits such as sales volume, price, payment method, account period and equity interest rate increase, so as to superimpose more financial assets and concentrate assets and resources on core enterprises. ?
2. Establish the benefit sharing mechanism of supply chain financing.
Supply chain finance is still in its infancy in China, and its promotion depends on the attitude of enterprises, especially core large enterprises, which determines the development prospect of supply chain finance. There is a general problem of insufficient incentive between supplier management inventory plan and dealer prepayment plan. The pursuit of profit maximization is the natural attribute of enterprises. The introduction of supply chain financing will directly affect the enthusiasm of enterprises to adopt such products and services. As the biggest beneficiary in the eyes of core enterprises, banks will share some profits with core enterprises in an appropriate way while expanding their customer base and issuing loans to obtain profits, which will be of great significance to the promotion of supply chain financing.
3. Strengthen the advantages of banks and enterprises and take risks. The main factor that affects the financing risk of supply chain is the risk of core enterprises and their cooperation. The risks of core enterprises mainly come from their business risks and credit risks, while the cooperation risks mainly come from contract risks. In order to effectively attract more core enterprises to carry out supply chain financing business, banks should appropriately lower the entry threshold of core enterprises, but at the same time, their risk control strategy is to continuously and dynamically evaluate the business risks of core enterprises, so as to adjust the credit lines of banks to their upstream suppliers and downstream distributors in time, shift the loan risk control to the production, warehousing and trading links of enterprises, and strengthen the prevention of individual enterprises' risk cases by controlling the whole or part of the industrial chain. Therefore, banks and enterprises should give full play to their respective advantages, take risks, dynamically monitor and jointly control the overall risk of supply chain financing. Core enterprises should make full use of their own understanding and control of upstream and downstream enterprises, assist banks to collect and screen financing customer information, and be responsible for the transaction background and data authenticity; Banks mainly give full play to their expertise in operating risks and managing risks, establish customer screening access standards and determine cooperation modes with core enterprises, formulate business risk early warning mechanisms and customer access and exit mechanisms, and dynamically monitor abnormal transactions; Banks and enterprises can also * * * jointly contribute to establish a risk pool * * * to take risks.
4. Promote the improvement of information technology system.
In the development of supply chain financing business, the introduction of technology platform is very important. International banks use advanced network technology when developing supply chain financing business, such as ABN Amro, a commercial bank with global distribution and network. When they carry out supply chain financing business, they make rational use of internet technology and develop a system by themselves. The system can uniformly handle the documents of many banks and buyers under the letter of credit trade, and customers can send trading instructions, inquire about transactions and customize reports around the world through the electronic banking platform, thus saving the costs of both banks and customers to the greatest extent. At present, the development of domestic financial information technology and e-commerce is relatively backward, which makes the information technology content in supply chain financing need to be accelerated. This has seriously affected the efficiency of supply chain financing, and also increased the operational risk of banks to some extent. Therefore, domestic financial institutions can fully learn from international advanced experience, improve the supply chain financing system and ERP system with core enterprises, effectively realize the docking between banks and enterprises, and improve the strength of information technology in supporting financial services.
Supply chain financing is a major trend of bank financial innovation, so banks should establish a professional supply chain financing management team, which is composed of professionals such as corporate credit, online banking, information technology, etc., and tailor personalized and differentiated financial service plans according to different customers' transaction modes, credit status and profitability. With the repeated application and promotion of supply chain financing in the group's major customers, this business will continue to be broken through and improved.
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