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Effective memory method 1, the process of trying to recall things that are not in sight but can be independently reproduced is called memory. Trying to remember is to constantly test yourself in the process of memorizing. There are many ways to test, mainly retelling and writing by yourself. For example, you can recite foreign words, you can also read English and write in Chinese, and you can also read Chinese and read English. When reciting the text, you can keep trying to recite it yourself. The back is wrong. Read it again and remember it again. It is effective to try to recall what you have learned in time.
The advantages of this method are as follows: ① You can know your memory in study in time. Every time I try to remember, I will know what I remember and what I don't remember. When reading further, you can remember with emphasis and selectivity. ② It can stimulate people's enthusiasm for learning. Try to recall, the purpose is to reproduce what you read word by word, and you can encourage yourself to read word by word, aiming at those materials that you haven't remembered yet.
Some students always read over and over again with their heads closed when they recite. This kind of boring repetitive reading often can't make the cerebral cortex in an excited state. In this way, it will inevitably reduce the memory effect. Try to remember, although it takes more effort than reading from the book, especially when you can't remember, you should use your head. Because the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex are always excited, it is easy to remember the materials you have read.
Read the materials to be memorized repeatedly, and try not to read them. Recite (or recall) once, and then read when you encounter difficulties. This mnemonic method of trying to recite by using feedback effect is called trying to recite mnemonics.
For example, after memorizing English words, you can watch English write Chinese silently, or you can watch Chinese write English silently, and then compare the answers and correct the mistakes before writing them down. Another example is reciting texts. You can try to remember it after you recite it, that is, recite it yourself. When you can't recite it, look again and remember it again. For another example, when memorizing a complex mathematical theorem proof, you can also try to recite it with a pen after understanding it. When you can't prove it, just read the book and remember it again.
Experiments show that letting the memorizer know his memory effect, that is, giving information feedback, can often improve the memory effect. The following psychological experiments can illustrate this problem:
The subjects were divided into group A and group B. The examiner asked the students in group A to read a text four times in a row. Let the students in Group B read the same text once, try to recite it again, watch it again and try to recite it again. Results After one hour, Group A only remembered 52.5%. Group B remembered 75.5%; A day later, Group A only remembered 30%, while Group B remembered 72.5%. 10 days later, Group A only remembered 25%, while Group B still remembered 57.5%.
Every time I tried to recite it, I gave a feedback of the memory information. Why can trying to remember by using feedback effect improve the memory effect? This is because feedback improves the consciousness and initiative of memory. A piece of material has been recited several times, but some parts have been recited, some parts have not been recited, or mistakes have been made. Feedback information can tell you which parts have been memorized and which parts need to be processed, and help you understand the progress and difficulties of memory. Then, you can focus on the difficult parts. Secondly, feedback can enhance the self-confidence of memory, thus adding strength to memory. If you read a difficult material or a long material several times, you will find that you have memorized most of it, which will greatly stimulate your learning motivation and the joy of success, and complete the remaining memory tasks with confidence. Of course, after reciting it several times, you will find that you haven't remembered it yet, and you will be annoyed. At this time, you should know that irritability will interfere with memory and affect the memory effect. ? The best way is to control your emotions, calm yourself down, trust your memory, or think like this: this material is difficult, and you have to remember it several times. ? Secondly, feedback can eliminate fatigue and keep concentration in a certain program. Boring reading over and over again, this boring repetitive reading is easy to produce fatigue, and attention is easy to be distracted over time. If information about memory is fed back to you from time to time in the process of memory, it will undoubtedly eliminate some fatigue, or delay the occurrence of fatigue, and at the same time let your attention focus on memory. Therefore, instead of reading, watching and writing repeatedly, it is better to try to recite the mnemonic method.
Effective mnemonics II. Comparative memory method. This is a method to compare and analyze similar but different memory materials and find out their similarities and differences for memory.
Comparison is an important means for people to understand the objective world. Only by comparison can we tell. Without comparison, it is difficult for us to distinguish the characteristics and essence of things, and it is also difficult to understand the connections and similarities and differences between things. The important role of comparison is mainly manifested in three aspects:
(1) comprehensive learning materials. Comparative reading of similar materials will obviously receive a comprehensive understanding of materials and conduct? Stereo? The function of memory.
(2) accurate memory materials. The accuracy of memory is directly related to the initial memory. If the information input to the brain is wrong, then the extraction must be inaccurate. Contrast is the key to accurate memory.
(3) In-depth memory of materials. Many back materials have similarities and differences, so it is difficult to distinguish them. When memorizing a certain material, if you look for similar materials to read for reference and compare them slightly, your respective characteristics will be prominent and your impression will be profound.
There are many methods of comparison, mainly including opposition comparison, comparative comparison, sequential comparison and similar comparison. Comparison has two basic principles:
First, seek common ground while reserving differences. That is, to find out the differences beyond the similarities of memory materials. When comparing, don't stop at understanding the surface phenomena of materials, but focus on the comparison of their essential attributes and grasp the subtle features for memory.
Second, seek common ground while reserving differences, that is, try to find out their similarities or similarities in addition to the differences in rote learning materials. Things in the world are very complicated. Although the superficial phenomena are very different, they are often similar or identical in essence. If we can find them, we will remember them more firmly.
Effective memory method 3, associative memory method. This is a memory method that links things with other things through the relationship between things.
What is association? Pavlov believes that association is a temporary neural connection caused by the simultaneous or continuous action of two or more stimuli. Association is a mental activity in which you think of one thing from another in your mind. Relying on association, everyone arranges the information input into the brain in a string to form a memory network; Relying on association, people can find what they need from the memory warehouse and extract it smoothly. If we can master the law of association and learn the method of association, it will not only help us to remember quickly, but also help us to consolidate our memory.
(1) indicates the association method.
This is a way to associate something that needs to be remembered with its physical appearance. Like the back? Earthworms? The concept of this word, only remember these two words is not easy to consolidate, you must come up with that scary image in your mind. When an image appears, the mind should look at the words and listen to the pronunciation like opening a screen, and draw the image on the screen on the spot. In this way, after many times of practice and habits, it is easy to print images into your mind.
The main points of using image association are as follows: ① Try to transform knowledge objects into concrete images in your mind. Like studying? Trusteeship? Imagine you live in grandma's house. ② Using the method of exaggerating objects. Like studying? Bacteria? When the word is used, it is extended to the kind of bacterial images seen in educational movies. (3) Turn abstract things into concrete things. If you understand? Han Ying drunk? This abstract idiom may be puzzling, but you can compare yourself to an old pedant who is shaking his head and enjoying a good poem. (4) Sometimes there are many things to remember, which can be remembered by the whole object method.
(2) Close contact method
This is an association method based on the similarity of some things in space or time. If you see hairtail, you will immediately think of the sea; When people in Guanli mention Harbin, they will inevitably think of cold climate, ice lanterns and winter swimming. When it comes to Jinggangshan, people think of Zhu De and * * * * and others joining forces there. All because they are very close in space. For example, when Zhuge Liang is mentioned, it immediately comes to mind? Borrow the east wind? And then what? Look after Mao Lu? ; When the Opium War is mentioned, people will immediately think of 1840 and Lin Zexu's anti-smoking campaign, because these things are close in time. In learning, if we link the facts, things and knowledge we encounter with the close things in this way to form a system that is irrelevant in space or time, we can produce associations and help us remember. When we mention one thing, we may associate it with a long list of contents.
This association is based on the similarity of things in phenomenon or essence. Similarity association mainly highlights the similarity and similarity of things, which plays an important role in learning and memory. For example, centralized literacy teaching can be popularized because it makes use of the similarity of sound, shape and meaning of Chinese characters. According to the law of word formation of Chinese characters and grasping the characteristics, the commonly used Chinese characters are classified into categories, and then compiled into a "Quick Centralized Literacy Manual", which is popularized throughout the country. Another example is the derivation of parallelogram area formula, which is based on the similar characteristics of two congruent triangles. Two congruent triangles are formed by connecting two diagonal vertices of a parallelogram. What is the area formula of the triangle? Divide the bottom by the height by two? The parallelogram formed by the combination of two congruent triangles is exactly twice that of the triangle, and the two phases are eliminated, so it is concluded that the parallelogram has a formula? Multiply the bottom by the height? . Very easy to remember.
Similar association is widely used in the teaching and learning of various subjects, which requires being logical and loyal to reality. Two things that are illogical and contrary to reality cannot be forcibly linked together. The good use of similar association not only plays an important role in efficient memory, but also helps to bring creativity into play.
(3) Comparative association method
Contrastive association is an association based on the characteristics of opposites between things. Such as from hot to cold, from sweet to bitter, from love to hate, from backwardness to progress. Because the things that come to mind are opposite, they are grouped together. Using contrast and association to enhance memory is particularly effective. In Chinese teaching in primary schools, synonyms and antonyms are often taught together; When analyzing middle school novels, we often compare this character with another character's image, which can enhance the appeal; In the teaching of mathematics and physics, we can also summarize the opposite theorems, formulas and laws, and use comparison and association to help us remember. Contrastive association is widely used in learning and teaching, and it is an excellent method to improve memory efficiency.
(4) Strange association method
Strange associations recognized by the world? Memory secret? Is it also a memory? Trick? . Strange association is a method to enhance memory, which links related things, words or knowledge with some bizarre ideas and forms a series of images in the brain.
Strange associations can string together any word or word concept and remember it in their own special way.
There are three main points to be grasped in using strange association: First, make static things dynamic and make static things move through thinking. Like what? Balloons, ink, grasslands? Three unrelated nouns, you have to connect them to achieve the purpose of memory, which can be imagined as ink hanging on a balloon and flying to the grassland. The second is to replace thing B with thing A, or make thing A a part of thing B, and connect or assemble it. Like what? Pencils, straw hats, soybeans, tractors? It is conceivable that pencils took the place of people, wearing straw hats and sitting on tractors to pull soybeans. The third is to exaggerate or shrink, increase or decrease what is recorded. If you want to remember? Watches, melons, slides? How do these three things relate? Imagine a watch as big as a melon, rolling down the slide. By combining things at will in this way, association can be generated and the best memory effect can be obtained. Strange association method is ridiculous at first glance, but it will play a special role when it is used in situations where many things need to be memorized. It is much more convenient to remember a series of words and things after training habits.
In a word, there are various methods of associative memory, and the most important ones are location association and application association. Due to the difficulty and limited space, it is difficult to introduce this article clearly. Please ask fans to learn from Comrade Wang Wei's "quick memory method", and the effect will be better.
Effective memory method 4, summary memory method. This is a method of refining memory materials and grasping the key of memory.
Although people have great memory potential, it is not only impossible but also unscientific to remember what you saw and how many things you saw. What was lost was gained, and simplification was strengthened. When you recite, you must extract the key parts of the material, and then make a comprehensive summary to form a simple one or a group. Information symbol? It is convenient for the brain to receive, store and extract.
Generally speaking, the form of generalized memory is as follows:
(1) Summary of Themes When reading a book, learning an article and appreciating a famous poem, you need to grasp the theme and understand the rich ideological content and writing characteristics. If you can grasp the outline and line, and put the content and main points together systematically and comprehensively, it will be much more convenient to remember. For example, if you don't summarize the central idea, the practical papers that are difficult to learn will be like a loose sand, which is difficult to apply in practice. Do it. Theme summary? , you can express it like this:? This paper discusses that practice is the basis of cognition, expounds the second leap from practice to cognition and from cognition to practice on the basis of practice, reveals the repetitiveness, infinity and progress of the cognitive process, and emphasizes the concrete historical unity of subjectivity and objectivity, theory and practice. .
This summary has shown the center of the full text, but it is still difficult to remember. What if I use it again? Digital generalization? To sum up, it can be more essential and can be recorded as: one foundation, two leaps, three natures and one weight. After strengthening the memory in this way, you can remember the central idea.
(2) Content summary method The materials with large learning space are often voluminous, complex and changeable, and difficult to remember. This requires grasping the content generalization, selecting key words and sentences, and focusing on memory, so as to stimulate the association of all contents. As big as a work, a movie, a long paper? Content introduction? There are even long sentences with long logic and so on. You can use keywords and phrases to abbreviate or summarize, turn more into less and concentrate the essence, thus stimulating memory and deepening understanding.
(3) Learn and memorize abbreviations and generalizations in materials to find words and phrases that play a key role in thinking? Media? , play the role of point to area, that is, abbreviated summary. Like studying chemistry? Oxidation? Restore? When reacting, we must first understand the gains and losses of electrons. Oxidation? Restore? Secondly, it is very important to judge what is an oxidant and what is a reductant. Can you use it when you really understand it? Lost? Oxygen? Or? Three words are memorized as abbreviated structures. Meaning: a substance that loses electrons? After oxidation? This substance is a reducing agent. So, just remember? Lost? 、? Oxygen? 、? Or? Three key words can be used as hints to arouse the association of the whole meaning. Some complicated fixed phrases, names, concepts or knowledge strings can also be abbreviated as simplified pronouns.
(4) Digital Generalization This is a method of summarizing facts, contents or sentences with numbers to enhance memory. Like before? Five stresses and four beauties? 、? Four modernizations? 、? Three major disciplines and eight points for attention? 、? Three cardinal guides and five permanent members? 、? Four Books and Five Classics? And so on, are established, vivid and easy to recall memory methods. There are some complicated contents in learning, and you can also ponder some ways to help you remember by summing up the numbers. For example, when remembering the main chemical reactions of ironmaking and the structure of ironmaking blast furnace, it can be summarized as? Three fives? . That is, there are five main chemical reactions in the process of ironmaking (omitted); Blast furnace consists of five parts (throat, shaft, waist, belly and hearth); The blast furnace has five entrances and exits (iron ore, coke, carboniferous stone, entrance, air inlet, blast furnace gas outlet, slag outlet and iron outlet). Remember this? Three fives? * * * Fifteen events can be recalled.
(5) Sequential Generalization This is a method of memorizing according to the order of factual materials that need to be memorized. Such as the occurrence of historical events, the provisions of various treaties, various reforms and changes in history, and so on. , can be compiled into a simplified order, more complex content can be memorized with ordinary words. Like what? Wang Anshi's reform? These five contents are: ① Young crops method; (2) recruitment methods; ③ Farmland Water Conservancy Law; ④ Square field average tax law; ⑤ Garbo method. Memory can be summarized as "one youth, two fundraising, three rural areas, four directions and five guarantees" in turn. As long as you remember five main words, you can recall everything.
Effective memory method 5, image memory method. Use specific methods to transform and refine memory content. There is a quick memory. Numbers from 1 to 100 correspond to 100 words, and 100 words correspond to 100 images. Among them, the consonants t/d, N, M, c/k, L, S, F, G, p/b and R are included in the word, which respectively represent 1~ 10 (please pay attention to the consonants in the letters). Tea is 1 (the word contains a t), tit is 1 1 (the word contains two t's), dice is 14 (the word contains d and c), and Mafia is 37 (Mafia For example, memory 373811141. Can it be written as 37 (Mafia) 38 (Fool) 1 (Tit) 14 (Dice)1(Tea)? & gt Mafia lets fools soak tits and dice in tea. So, as long as you write down this scene, you can write down a long list of numbers, which is very interesting. This is a powerful memory training.
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