Whether the design quality meets the national regulations and whether the function meets the use requirements is not only related to the one-time investment of the construction project, but also affects the economic benefits after the project is completed and put into use. Foreign experts point out that although the proportion of design cost in the total project investment is very small, less than 1%, its impact on the project cost reaches 75%. Obviously, the cost control in the project design stage is the key to effectively control the project cost. We must overcome the concept of emphasizing construction over design, and the control of project cost should start with design. Multi-scheme comparison is necessary, because the design result is a gradual improvement process, which can not be determined at the beginning, so multi-scheme comparison is an important means to measure its practicality, advancement and economy.
Second, project bidding is an important means to control the project cost.
Bidding system for construction projects is an effective means for construction units to control project cost. Bidding can improve the economic benefits of construction projects, ensure the quality of construction projects and shorten the payback period of construction investment. The construction unit can make full use of this effective means to control the project cost. When bidding, the construction unit should not only include the usual contents in the bidding documents, such as pre-bidding schedules, instructions for bidding, contract conditions, contract agreement terms, contract formats, technical specifications, drawings, reference formats of bidding documents, etc. , but also provide the bill of quantities of the project as an important part of the bidding reference documents.
When evaluating bids, the comprehensive evaluation of the total quotation and individual quotation should be realized when evaluating the quotations of bidders. The total price meets the requirements does not mean that the single quotation meets the requirements, and the lowest total price does not mean that the single quotation is the lowest. In the case of constant total cost, bidders often reduce the unit price of projects with little change in engineering quantity and increase the unit price of projects with great change, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing projects when the project is completed and settled. In addition, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the unit price and the corresponding engineering quantity, and the unit price with large engineering quantity should be analyzed emphatically. It is also necessary to comprehensively evaluate the unit price and work content, construction scheme and technology, and select the appropriate construction unit. It is worth noting that the lower the quotation, the better. On the surface, low prices often lead to cutting corners or frequent claims, and even lead to serious events such as delays and shutdowns.
Third, construction management is the central link of project cost control.
1, control the material consumption and reasonably determine the material price. In the control of project cost, the control of material price is the main one, and the material cost often accounts for a large proportion in the project, generally accounting for 70% of the budget cost and about 80% of the direct cost. In order to control the cost and ensure the quality of materials, the construction unit will adopt the method of Party A's designation or price limit for some materials. Market economy provides many channels for materials, and the types and prices of materials are also many. Budget personnel should timely and accurately grasp the price information of materials and semi-finished products with different specifications in different regions, further make use of the long-term economic relations established with merchants and social open channels to find cheap products and determine reasonable material prices, so as to effectively control the project cost. Because the prices of different brands and models vary greatly, in the construction process, the construction unit often "steals the column", which seriously affects the quality and life of the project. The budget personnel and site management personnel of the construction unit should go deep into the construction site with the progress of the project, grasp the first-hand construction situation, and provide a strong basis for the completion settlement.
2. Strictly control the change and control the project budget within the budgetary estimate. There are many reasons for the changes in construction, such as the rough design of the project, which leads to the inconsistency between the actual project and the drawings provided when winning the bid; At present, the specifications and standards of materials supplied in the market do not meet the design requirements, and these problems have left a living factor for the project cost. Therefore, in the process of construction, it is necessary to strictly control changes, and it is forbidden to visit the construction scale, improve design standards and increase construction content through design changes. It is best to implement the system of "grading control and quota visa". Necessary design changes, especially those involving cost increase or decrease, must be signed by representatives of design units, site representatives of construction units and supervision engineers, and design changes shall be made as soon as possible. The earlier the change occurs, the smaller the loss will be. On the contrary, the greater the loss will be, because the content of the completed or partially completed project still needs to be demolished, which will inevitably lead to major change losses. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of design changes, control design changes in the early stage of the design stage as much as possible, especially for major design changes that affect the project cost, and solve them by accounting first and then changing, so that the project cost can be effectively controlled. The construction unit should also assign the project cost management professionals to stay at the construction site to master and control the changes of the project cost at any time.
3, strict on-site visa management, grasp the project cost changes. In the process of construction, the construction unit should strengthen on-site construction management, urge the construction unit to carry out the construction according to the drawings, strictly control the change negotiation, material substitution, on-site visa, extra labor and all kinds of extra-budgetary expenses, calculate the expenses increased or decreased due to workload changes in time, keep abreast of the amount of project expenses, and avoid the backlog and countless concerns about the project cost. The site representative of the construction unit shall urge the construction unit to make all kinds of records, especially the records of concealed works and visa work, so as to reduce the phenomenon of wrangling during settlement. Many projects do not distinguish between what should be signed and what should not be signed because the on-site visa is not serious; Which projects belong to the contract and which belong to the contract, which brings great trouble to the project settlement and leads to considerable economic losses. Therefore, strict on-site visa management is the key to control the project cost in the construction stage.
4. Combine technology with economy and strengthen investment control. Effective investment control must take measures from the aspects of organization, technology, economy and contract. Therefore, the construction unit must strengthen the "economic" concept and quality education of on-site management personnel and engineering and technical personnel, cultivate pragmatic work style, assist the construction unit to do a good job in construction organization design, rationally arrange personnel, finance and materials, speed up the construction progress and improve the project quality. When encountering problems in construction, we should contact the design in time, choose scientific and economic solutions, overcome the waste caused by blind command, and pay full attention to the importance of saving investment. In particular, engineers and technicians in charge of the project should be combined with economic personnel, from project bidding, contract negotiation, cost budget, signing and paying progress payment to completion settlement and cost analysis. , the implementation of the whole process management, strictly control the project cost.
Four, the project settlement audit is the last level of project cost control.
When the project is completed and settled, the auditors of the construction unit should stick to the contract, strictly control the extra-budgetary expenses of the project, and reduce the expenses for the workload not completed according to the requirements of the drawings and the construction visa not executed according to the regulations; The expenses explicitly included in the terms of the contract belong to the expenses included in the risk fees, and the expenses such as breach of contract that are not performed according to the terms of the contract are all offset, and the audit is strictly controlled.
The audit of engineering quantity should be based on the requirements of the construction contract, and the design changes and site visas in the construction process should be audited. It is not allowed to calculate too much or not according to the rules. When the construction enterprise is required to submit the corresponding engineering calculation formula and material consumption list, the construction unit should also prepare a complete list of settlement book and material consumption, so as to achieve objective, fair, reasonable and accurate measurement audit. Secondly, in the settlement audit, we should also pay attention to the unit price of the audit project, the correctness of the sub-items on the settlement book and the accuracy of the procedures, and make analysis and calculation according to the actual situation on site.
It should be noted that the comprehensive unit price of the bidder will not be adjusted once when the project subject to tender by bill of quantities is settled. At the time of settlement, adjustments should be made to the actual engineering changes other than the construction drawing on which the tender is based and the missing items or calculation errors in the bill of quantities caused by the construction unit. When adjusting and settling the quantities, the original items in the bill of quantities shall be determined according to the comprehensive unit price in the quotation; If there are similar projects in the bill of quantities, it shall refer to the comprehensive unit price agreement in the quotation of similar projects; Items not included in the bill of quantities shall be settled according to the current budget quota and relevant regulations.
The construction project cost is related to the economic development level of the construction area, the management and technical level of the builders and the policies of the state and local governments. Correctly compiling the project cost plays an irreplaceable role in the decision-making of the government and the owners. In order to meet the needs of the socialist market economic system and the whole process management of construction projects, it is a very important task for our engineering cost professionals to reasonably determine and effectively control the construction project cost, improve the level of project preparation and reflect the actual cost of the project.
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