Erkuan is from Qiancheng County. Studying the Book of History, worshiping Ouyang Sheng as a teacher. Because the country has sent doctoral students with high academic performance from Kong Anguo. He comes from a poor family and used to cook for other students. At that time, he was still an employee, and he took the classics to farm and read poetry books during his break. He concentrated on his studies and reached such a state. Ren Tingwei died in literature because his participation in shooting Raiders became an anecdote. He is broad-minded, gentle and kind, lives in society with integrity and wisdom, and is good at writing, but not brave enough and not good at words. At that time, Zhang Tang was Tingwei, and officials of Tingwei House were appointed as judges of literature and history, and Erkuan was one of the Confucian scholars. He was not considered to understand the affairs of the imperial court, so he was not allowed to manage a yamen, and he was appointed as a deputy history to manage animal husbandry in the north for several years. Back to Tingwei mansion, the management of pastoral books in the newspaper. It happened that Ting Wei had an uncertain letter at that time, and he had called back twice. I didn't know what history meant, so I explained my intention to him. So we asked Erkuan to write the paper. After the paper was written, historians were amazed and told Zhang Tang about it. Zhang Tang was surprised and called Erkuan to talk to him, so he thought he was a wizard and regarded him as history. I presented a memorial written by Erkuan, which was quickly well received. Another day, Zhang Tang met the emperor. The emperor asked, "The paper written a few days ago was never written by an ordinary official. Who is the person who wrote the paper? " Zhang Tang's answer is wide. The emperor said, "I have heard about this man for a long time." Zhang Tang invited Erkuan to be the judge of the drama history, and used the ancient method to discuss mysteries, which greatly valued him. I went to Zhang Tang as an ancient consultant, let Erkuan be an ancient consultant, and recommended him as an ancient consultant. The emperor was glad to meet the emperor, talked with him about Confucian classics, and then asked an article called Shangshu. Promoted to traditional Chinese medicine and Zuo Neishi. Erkuan later managed the people, rewarded the farmers, reduced the punishment, sorted out the cases and devoted himself to winning the hearts of the people. Choosing kind people, caring about the sufferings of the people, and not pursuing fame and fortune have won the love and support of the officials and the people. The child is wider than the table, and it is requested to open six auxiliary canals, formulate water use laws, and expand the scope of farmland irrigation. At that time, when the wealth was poor and the people were poor, and agriculture was important, it was impossible to collect the rent immediately. Later, there was a decree saying that Zuo Nai was responsible for collecting taxes and was to be dismissed. Hearing this, the people are all afraid of losing their children's tolerance. Large families use ox carts, while small families carry their backs on their shoulders and tie them with ropes, which makes them pay more taxes than they should. Thus, the emperor even thought Erkuan was a wizard. At the beginning, Liang Xiangchu was proficient in the Five Classics and was a doctor. Erkuan was a disciple at that time. When the position of an ancient scholar was vacant, Chu Da thought he could be an ancient scholar. When Chu Da arrived in Luoyang, he heard that Erkuan had been an ancient counselor and laughed. Chu was not as good as Erkuan until he discussed meditation in front of the emperor. After the court, I admired my son's generosity and said, "The emperor really knows people." As an ancient literati, Erkuan was very suitable for this position, so he didn't give any advice or advice to the emperor for a long time, and officials looked down on him. Erkuan worked as an imperial doctor for nine years and died in office.
2. Please help me to translate The Second Wide Biography of Sun Hong and Bo Shi in Han Shu Palace. Baidu can't find width 2, so it's thousands of customers (1). Zhi Shangshu is about Ouyang Sheng (2). Choosing Doctor Yi by County (3) and Kong Anguo Studies (4). Being poor is useless, and I feel that all my disciples support me (5). How delicate it is to do (6) hoe the classics while traveling and have a rest reading and reciting. Take the shooting strategy as an anecdote (7), and compile the history of Ding Wei literature death (8).
(1) Qiancheng: County name, belonging to Qiancheng County, in the northeast of gaoqing county. (2) Ouyang Sheng: See The Scholars. (3) County and country: The word "country" is derived from it. Qiancheng is a county, not a country name. (4) Kong Anguo: See The Scholars. (5) Support both: be a chef. (6) Lease: as a domestic helper. (7) Shooting strategy: one of the systems of taking scholars in Han Dynasty. The examiner will write the questions in the book, divided into subjects A and B, and put them on the record. Candidates answer at will, and then the examiner examines the pros and cons. The first one is A, and the second one is B. Story: official name, main story, too common. (8) History of literary death: main literature.
Forgive is a gentle person, knowledgeable (wise) and self-directed (1), and good at literature (2). But he is timid in martial arts and can invent it with his mouth. At that time, Zhang Tang was Tingwei (3), and Tingwei's government used the officials of literature, history and law (4), during which Confucian scholars were lenient. Seeing that they were unfamiliar, they didn't serve Cao (5) except chasing history (6) and living on livestock in the north for several years (7). When I returned to the mansion, I went to see the Livestock Book (8). When I met Ting Wei, I had doubts. When I saw him again, I had already left. I don't know what I'm doing. Forgiveness means expressing its meaning, and history makes it work. Act it, watch it, and shoot it with Bai Tingwei. Tang was frightened, lenient, clever and self-righteous (10). Things that are still wide to play with are available in an instant. See you in the soup some other time. He asked, "the prelude is beyond the reach of vulgar officials." Who did it? " Tang Yan has an open mind. He said, "I've been listening for a long time." Tang You is a native scholar in Hunan, so it is very important to be lenient (1 1) and use the ancient method to sentence suspected prisoners. He Tang is an ancient scholar, who is generous and gives advice to ancient scholars (12). See above, language and classics. Say (Yue) on it, from Shangshu (13) ask an article. He was a doctor in China (14), and then moved to Zonnes (15).
(1) Yes: I thought it was "Yi". Will: Ye Wei. (2) genus: compose also. (3) Zhang Tang: This book has its own biography. (4) History: those who are good at history books. (5) Agency Cao: Appoint a post. (6) Historically: ordinary petty officials. (7) Beidi: county name. Zhimaling (in the northwest of Qingyang, Gansu). Livestock: refers to Ting Wei's livestock in Beidi County. (8) Slim: It means the meter in literature. (9) but: retreat. (10) Post: the general name of ancient officials. (1 1) The official who plays the report and finally determines the document. (12) official name. It belongs to ancient doctors. (13) Questions from Shangshu: See Scholars for details. (14) Dr. China: official name. Zhang Yi belongs to Lang Zhongling (Guang Lu Xun). (15) Zuo literature and history: literature and history govern the capital, and Han Jingdi controls literature and history.
If necessary, I can help you translate. I hope I can help.
3. Jia Kui handed down answers in classical Chinese at the end of Han Dynasty. Jia Kui passed the answer to Jia Kui. His name is Jingbo and he was born in Ping Ling.
Jia Yi, the ninth ancestor, was Liang Wang's teacher when Emperor Wen was in the Han Dynasty. Great-grandfather Guang Jia was the prefect of Changshan, and Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di took 2,000 stones from Luoyang.
Father Jia Hui learned Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals from Liu Xin, as well as Mandarin and Zhou Guan. He also studied Duyun Ancient Literature History and Xie Ancient Literature Shi Mao, and wrote 21 Zuo Gui. Jia Kui completely inherited his father's studies. At the age of twenty, I can read Zuo Zhuan and Five Classics, and teach my disciples with History of Xiahou. Although he is an ancient scholar, he also knows the theories of Gu Liang's five schools.
I have been in business school since I was a child, and I don't understand external affairs. Jia Kui is eight feet two inches long. Some Confucian scholars made fun of him and said, "Jia Changtou keeps asking."
Jia Kui is very tall, but he doesn't know the outside situation and likes to ask questions. He is cheerful, easy-going, intelligent, considerate, unique and generous.
In particular, I studied Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu, and wrote 5 1 Xie Yi with these two books, which was dedicated to the emperor in Yongping years. Xianzong attached great importance to it and asked people to copy it down and hide it in the secret museum.
At that time, a god bird flew to Gzero with colorful feathers on its head. The emperor was very surprised. He asked why Linyi was waiting, but he couldn't answer. He recommended Jia Kui, saying that he was knowledgeable. The emperor summoned Jia Kui and asked him why. Jia Kui replied: "In the past, Zhou Wuwang completed his father's inheritance, and the phoenix appeared in Qishan. Emperor gaozu had a high opinion of Xuandi, and Rongdi surrendered. God finches are also constantly appearing. This is Hu. The emperor ordered the historian of Lantai to take out a pen and told Jia Kui to write an article on "Singing Birds", worshiping Jia Kui as Lang, and staying with Ban Gu as the school secretary to discuss with the emperor.
Su Zong acceded to the throne, praised Confucian scholarship, and especially liked the history of ancient Chinese literature and Zuo Zhuan. In the first year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (76), Gong Bei White Tiger Pavilion and Nangong Yuntai were called to give lectures.
The emperor appreciated Jia Kui's lectures and asked him to give full play to the meaning of Zuo Zhuan, which was better than that of ram and peace. Jia Kui went on to type them out one by one: "I would like to select 30 particularly famous places in Zuo Zhuan, all of which preach the principles of monarch and minister, father and son.".
The other 78/ 10 is the same as the biography of the ram, and some words are short and slightly different, which is harmless. As for Ji Zhong, Ji Ji, Wu Zixu, and others, the "Left" has given full play to the righteousness of the monarch and his subjects, while the "Ram" is regarded as capricious and quite different, but the grievances have been suppressed for too long, and it is impossible to distinguish right from wrong.
"Yongping years, I once wrote about some places in Zuozhuan that are consistent with predictions. The first emperor did not abandon his words and adopted mine. I wrote a detailed explanation and hid it in the secretariat. During the Jianping period, Liu Xin tried to write Zuo Zhuan, but he easily gave it to Taichang, thinking that he had every reason to defeat those Confucian scholars, but the Confucian scholars refused to accept it and United to resist it.
The emperor's funeral catered to people's psychology, so Liu Xin became the satrap of Hanoi. From then on, everyone attacked Zuo's family and became the target of public criticism.
When Emperor Guangwu was Emperor Guangwu, he had a unique view and established two schools, Zuo and Gu Liang. It happened that two teachers were not familiar with divination, so they gave up halfway. The liegeman thinks that the key to preserving Wang Zhidao's previous books lies in dressing and managing people.
Now the left worships your father's way and despises officials. This one is strong and one is weak, which is very clear and straightforward. Moreover, in the three generations, different things were added or subtracted at any time. The former emperors widely observed various theories and adopted the strengths of each family.
For example, there are two schools in the Book of Changes, Shi and Meng, which established the Liang Qiu family; History books include Ouyang family, big and small Xiahou. Now the three biographies are different, which is also the reason. In addition, none of the scholars in the Five Classics can prove that Liu is a descendant of Emperor Yao through divination, but Zuo's solo can explain it.
The Five Classics said that Zhuan Xu replaced the Yellow Emperor, but Yao was not a fire virtue. However, Zuo believes that replacing the Yellow Emperor is the announcement of the Yellow Emperor mentioned in the prophecy.
If Yao can't be popular, then Han can't be popular, and the ideas he invented can add some truth. "Your majesty is familiar with natural ingenuity, builds the foundation of the Great Sage, changes the title, revises the calendar, and sets an example for ten thousand generations. Therefore, good omen has appeared many times, and your majesty is still diligent in the morning and evening, studying the six arts, and all the details are tried and tested.
There is nothing to lose if you pay more attention to some abandoned knowledge and broaden your knowledge. "When the book was played, the Emperor rewarded 500 pieces of cloth and a suit of clothes, and ordered Jia Kui to choose Yan and Yan twenty people from the Ram School, taking Zuo Zhuan as the teaching material and giving them bamboo slips and paper biographies.
Jia Kui's mother was often ill, and the emperor wanted to give more property. Because there are many books in the school, he specially took 200,000 yuan and sent it to Houma Security Office in Angelababy. He said to Ma Fang, "Jia Kui's mother is ill, and he has no contact with the outside world. No matter how poor he is, he is as hungry as Boyi and Shu Qi in shouyangshan. "
Jia Kui told the emperor many times that the history of ancient prose echoes the exegesis of the classic biography Erya, and the emperor ordered him to write the similarities and differences of ancient prose of Ouyang, Xiahou Shangshu. Jia Kui concentrated on writing three volumes, which the emperor thought was very good.
He was also asked to write the similarities and differences between Qi, Lu and Han poems, and to write Zhou Gu. Jia Kui was promoted to guard.
In eight years (96), all Confucian scholars in Zhao Xia chose talented students to study Zuo Shi, Gu Liang Chunqiu, Wen Gu Shangshu and Shi Mao. Since then, the four classics have swept the world. Jia Kui's carefully selected disciples and proteges were named as the Thousand Rides of the Kingdom, and they studied in the Huangmen Department in the morning and evening, which was envied by scholars.
He ascended the throne, and in the third year of Yong Yuan (9 1), Jia Kui was appointed as the left corps commander. In eight years (96), I also worked as an assistant, in charge of a captain's internal affairs, and in charge of the secretarial office, which was very trusted.
Jia Kui wrote more than one million words about the meaning of classics and the difficulties in discussion, and wrote nine poems, admonitions, books, Julian and drinkers' wager game. Scholars admire him, and later generations call him a scholar.
But he doesn't pay much attention to details, which is somewhat ironic in contemporary times, so he didn't become a big official. In the thirteenth year of Yongyuan (10 1), he died at the age of 72.
The court took pity on him and made his two sons princes.
4. Reading answers of "The Biography of Han Yanshou" (with translation): (08 Beijing) Read the positive classical Chinese and complete the 6~ 10 question.
The word longevity is long, and Yan people are also. Huo Guangzhuo extended his life to advise the doctor and moved to Yingchuan.
Yingchuan is so powerful that it is difficult to treat. First of all, Zhao Guanghan is a satrap, suffering from its vulgarity and numerous cronies. So, he organized a meeting between officials and people and told them to tell each other. Yingchuan thought it was vulgar, and the people complained a lot.
If you want to change the continuation of your life, teach comity. Afraid of the disobedience of the people, he called on dozens of elders in the county to be trusted by the village, buy food and drinks, kiss each other, and then ask for courtesy and ask the people's grievances to find a way to avenge Chen Hehe.
The elders find it convenient and can implement it. Because of the agreement to marry a funeral sacrifice, because the ancient ceremony is not allowed to break the law, the people follow its teachings. A few years later, he moved and lived in Yingchuan for a long time, while Ba was ruled by his traces.
Extend life as an official, pay attention to propriety and righteousness, be good at ancient religion, and wherever you go, you will hire wise men, wait for courtesy, consult widely, and argue with those who can be remonstrated; Xiuzhi Guan Xue (2) shot in the countryside in the Spring and Autumn Period, while Chen Zhonggu played stringed instruments and conducted lifting, all of them tried to talk about martial arts, set up axes and flags, and learned to shoot imperial objects. Manage battlements, collect rent, and announce its date first, in order to make it a major event and make officials and people fear it.
Also gather the right and the five leaders, be filial to your younger brother, and never give up the traitors. There are many things in the world, and officials should know about it. Traitors dare not enter the world.
If it is annoying at first, it will be safe afterwards. Reception officials, Enshi is very thick, and the vows are very sincere.
Or bully the weak and fear the hard, prolong life and blame yourself: "I am responsible, why?" The person who heard it hurt himself, regretted it, and he was embarrassed. People can't save themselves because they can't talk. I listened, sobbed at the officials, sent them to treat me, and then went home.
Taste it, get on the bus near, ride as an official and pay tribute to Cao Cao. Back to the mansion, the doorman is a car, and I would like to say something.
Yanshou stopped to ask him, and the pawn said, "The Ming government left early today and stayed there for a long time. My father rode to the government gate and was afraid to go in. When the officials on horseback heard this, they hurried out of it so that the Ming people could get on the bus.
Seeing the punishment and respecting the father, is there nothing to lose? "Yanshou raised his hand and said to Yu Zhong," Weizi, the satrap doesn't know. "Go back to the house and call the doorman.
A pawn is based on his life, and it is impossible to succeed if he knows how to be immortal and virtuous. Therefore, the soldiers changed their generals and lived a long life for later use. Dong Jun's three-year-old ban has greatly reduced his sentence, which is the highest in the world.
(Based on the Biography of Han Yanshou) Note 1 Calendar Call: Call one by one. 2 academic officer: school.
3 Not surprising: not dead. 4 officials: the general term for lower-level officials.
6。 In the following statement, the explanation of the added words is incorrect () A.
Or bully the weak and fear the hard, prolong life, blame yourself and bully the weak and fear the hard: oppression and insult B. Slightly follow the ancient ceremony, but don't exceed the law: exceed the law C.
Huo Guang Yanshou advised the doctor: promotion D. Being a doorman is a car, willing to say something: I hope the answer A analyzes bullying: cheating, I'm sorry.
7。 The words added in the following statements have the same meaning and usage. One group is () asking about folk customs, and the satrap doesn't know A.
Later, Chu Tianzong was cut down, but was destroyed by the State of Qin. Wes, who are we going to invite to eat and drink, relatives, and agree to the wedding funeral ceremony C.
D. When you return it quickly, it is better to meet each other, so that the word "bitter" behind it is nominalized/and "for" constitutes a passive sentence.
Item c them/you. Rule d/opportunity.
8。 The following understanding of the sentences in the text does not conform to the meaning of the text: () A.
Yingchuan thinks it is vulgar and the people resent it. Understanding: Yingchuan people have denounced each other since then, and the people hate B even more. There are many things in the alley, and officials need to know and understand: if something happens in the alley, officials will receive a report C.
When a rider arrived, he suggested that Cao Cao discuss the punishment. Understanding: if the rider is not punctual, the rider will draw up a punishment and announce D. You won't lose anything by respecting your father. It depends on understanding: it won't be too painful to be punished for loving dad, will it? Analysis defects: not conducive to.
Dahua: Good social atmosphere; Being punished for loving dad will not damage the formation of a good social atmosphere. 9。
The following statements are divided into four groups, all of which directly reflect the political characteristics of Han Yanshou. One group is (1) prolonging life and changing life, teaching comity; 2) Marry and pay homage according to the ancient ceremony, and don't preach the law; 3) Be bored first, then be safe; 4) Be upright and upright, be filial to your younger brother and never give up on traitors; 5) Wen Shouxian was complacent, so he rode the official father to the government gate. ①③⑥ B .
②④⑤ C .①②④ D .
Answer c? Analysis ③ is the reflection of Han Yanshou's political management methods by officials and people, ⑤ is the reason of various generations of family members, and ⑤ is the practice of riding an official father, which has nothing to do with Han Yanshou's political management characteristics. 10。
The following understanding and analysis do not conform to the meaning of the text: () A. Han Yanshou dislikes the folk custom of people complaining to each other and advocates harmony, comity and tolerance.
B. Han Yanshou is strict with himself. His subordinates made mistakes and often blamed themselves deeply, which moved the officials.
C. With the help of the foundation laid by Han Yanshou, Ba Huang continued to advocate love and harmony and great support for English majors.
D. Han Yanshou is good at hearing cases and has strict constraints on subordinates, so he ordered a ban and the lawsuit dropped sharply.
Answer d? Analyze the mistake of "being strict with yourself" in item D. Han Yanshou was born in Yan Di.
Huo Guang promoted Han Yanshou as Doctor Ying Chuan. There are many powerful families in Yingchuan, which is difficult to govern.
Prior to this, Zhao Guanghan was a satrap, worried about the same kind of collusion in Yingchuan for personal gain, so he combined the collusion between the government and the people to expose each other. Since then, Yingchuan has regarded this as an ethos, which has caused great resentment and hatred among the people. Han Yanshou wants to change this trend and educate the people to put comity first.
Afraid that the people wouldn't listen, they gathered ten elders trusted by the villagers in the county town, held a banquet, met people in person, greeted them with courtesy, asked about the corvee, customs and people's grievances, and told them how to live in harmony, be close and friendly, and eliminate resentment. Older people think it is convenient and feasible, so they consult with them to formulate etiquette norms for weddings, funerals and weddings, requiring people to follow ancient etiquette in general, but not beyond the law, and the people should follow his teachings.
A few years later, Han Yanshou was appointed as the prefect of East County, and Ba Huang took his place, so he followed his practice and managed political affairs well. ? As an official, Han Yanshou advocated the education of propriety, benevolence and antiquity. Wherever you go, you will hire wise men and treat them with courtesy. He solicits opinions extensively and is good at accepting the suggestions of good officials. Build schools, go to the countryside to film in spring and autumn, display clocks and watches, play musical instruments, and advocate the etiquette of official tone and meeting guests and hosts.
5. Original text and translation of the ancient poem "Huo Zhi Biography of Hanshu with Reading Answers" Author: Read the following classical Chinese and complete 6-9 questions.
In the past, the pre-king system, from the emperor to the vassal to the Zaoli people, had its own shortcomings in the system of respect and inferiority, the system of support and the system of life and death. It is not allowed to be too small and too expensive, so it is up to the people to decide. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish land, rivers and hills, and teach the people to plant trees and raise livestock; Five grains and six animals, as well as fish, turtles, birds and animals, and dry equipment, so the tools for health preservation and death are all cultivated.
Cultivate in time, but use it sparingly. Then these four people, because of their local conditions and their intelligence, stayed up late to manage their industry, and they were well known because there was no job fair.
Therefore, the Book of Changes says that "helping is suitable for heaven and earth, and people are influenced by it", and "preparing things for use, and building things that are beneficial to the world are nothing more than saints", which is also called it. "Guanzi" cloud, the ancients four must not be mixed.
Scholars talk about benevolence and righteousness at leisure banquets, workers talk about skills in the government, businessmen talk about wealth in the market, farmers work in the fields, work day and night, and move away without seeing foreign things. Therefore, the teaching of his father and brother is not pure, and children can learn it as easily as blowing off dust. They live in their own homes and enjoy their careers. They are willing to eat and serve beautifully. Although they saw beauty and beauty, they were not used to it and didn't like it.
It is to be frugal with few desires, and to be rich without contention. Therefore, those who are above the people, the virtue of Tao, the gift of qi, so the people are ashamed and respectful, and the righteousness is expensive and cheap.
The reason why these three generations take the straight road is because they are not strict and average. And the periventricular failure, etiquette failure.
After Huan and Wen, the etiquette and righteousness were bad, and the country was different in politics and the family was different. Therefore, it is a rare commodity in business, a tool for work, a trip in the opposite direction, in order to catch up with the times and get the resources of the world.
Fake people treat their names with sincerity, traitors seek profits from harm, usurpers are ministers, usurpers are heroes and villains, treacherous people are self-centered, and those who keep the road are justified, which inevitably leads to hunger and cold. Etiquette and righteousness are not enough to control gentlemen, and punishment and slaughter are not enough to bully villains, damage customs and create chaos.
(Adapted from Ban Gu's Han Zhuan) 6. In the following statements, it is A that explains the added words incorrectly.
Too small to be overbearing: beyond this duty B. Therefore, the upper and lower order and the people's will set the order: order C.
Willing to eat and beautiful: think about it ... very beautiful. Work is dead, tools are dead: through "nothing" 7.
In the following groups of sentences, the group with the same meaning and usage is A. Therefore, the tool of health care and death is B.
Nothing more than saints and teachers, so don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. C. therefore, the teaching of his father and brother became D.
I'm not used to it, and I regret not being involved, and I regret not being able to travel with my husband. My mother and grandchildren are more loving. The following sentences are filled with words in brackets, and those that do not conform to the meaning of the text after filling are A.
So (the former king) distinguished land, rivers and hills. Children can get a C for nothing in their studies.
It is based on the fact that (the monarch) wants less things and has more things to do. Turn deception into treachery and be self-sufficient all your life.
The following understanding and analysis are inconsistent with the meaning of the text: a. In the system of the previous dynasty, there were strict regulations on the rank of kings and people, and no one could overstep them.
B I ching believes that we should rely on property to assist the operation of natural laws, so as to guide and restrain people.
C Guanzi said that in ancient times, scholars, peasants, workers and businessmen were not allowed to live together, and they were not allowed to migrate unless there were abnormal circumstances.
D. After the decline of the Zhou royal family, the etiquette was destroyed and the social atmosphere was corrupted, which was the reason for the chaos in the world.
Reference answer: 6. B (order: orderly) 7.
A (an adverb used for ... b, nobody; Adverb don't
Pronoun c, pronoun his, me. D adverb, indicating the action of one party to the other; Adverb, mutual) 8.
C (it should be "person") 9. C ("you can't migrate without exception" should mean "you can't change careers without seeing other things") Attachment: The system of kings in the previous dynasties, from emperors to vassals to domestic slaves, had different levels of official titles, salaries, life and death (etiquette), the small ones could not exceed the big ones, and the lowly ones could not exceed the noble ones, so the people were orderly and stable.
In this case (the first king) determined the different conditions of land, mountains, rivers, Shui Ze and hills, and taught the people to plant trees and raise livestock (according to local conditions); From (five grains and six animals) to fish, turtles, birds and animals, materials, tools and so on. Not all those used for health care and death are planted and farmed. Plant on time and save use.
In this way, four kinds of people (scholars, farmers, workers and businessmen) give full play to their intelligence and physical strength according to their natural conditions, get up early and go to bed late to run their own industries, and there is no (* * *) levy (tax corvee) to pay within a time limit, but far and near areas are very rich. Therefore, the Book of Changes says that "relying on property to assist the operation of natural law to guide and restrict the people" and "preparing all aspects to make things benefit the world, and no one is greater than the sage king" means this.
Guan Zi said that in ancient times, four types of people (scholars, farmers, workers and businessmen) were not allowed to live together. Scholars talk about benevolence and righteousness where they study, craftsmen talk about skills in the government, businessmen talk about money and profits in the market, and farmers plan production for each other in the fields. They are engaged in (their career) from morning till night, but they want to change careers but can't see anything else.
Therefore, the teaching of their fathers and brothers can be successful even if it is not strict, and their children can learn it effortlessly. (They) are satisfied with their own places, are willing to engage in their own businesses, think their food is delicious, and think their clothes are beautiful. Even if they see strange and gorgeous things, (because) they don't conform to their customs, (just) they won't accept them. As a result, there is less desire, simpler things, more property and no competition.
In this case, the king who is above the people guides the people with morality and unifies the people with etiquette, so the people have a sense of shame, know how to respect, and value righteousness over profit. In this way (that is, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties) can develop along the right path and make the country stable without harsh politics.
By the time of the decline of the Zhou royal family, the etiquette was destroyed. After Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong, the etiquette and righteousness were completely destroyed, and the politics of different countries were different, and the ethos was different.
Therefore, businessmen sell rare goods, craftsmen make instruments with no practical value, and scholars make immoral behaviors in pursuit of people's preferences and gain wealth in the world. Treacherous people cheat reputation against facts, and treacherous people infringe and hurt others.
6. The ancient poem "Answering Han Shu Ban Gu": Han Shu Ban Wen Gu Weng, Lujiang Shu Ren.
Less studious, through the Spring and Autumn Annals, to the county magistrate. In the last years of Emperor Jingdi, he stayed in Shu County and was kind and enlightened.
Wen Weng saw that there was barbarian wind in Shu, so he wanted to lure him into Shu. He chose more than ten people, such as sensitive and talented county magistrate Zhang Shu, to punish him personally and send him to Beijing, or to study medicine or laws and regulations. How old are you? Shu's grades are all back. Wen Weng thought the position was suitable, and with the second inspection, Guanzhi County had a secretary.
Gong Xuejian was born in Chengdu, and Xiaxian's children were recruited as Gong Xue's disciples in order to eliminate the danger. County officials and people are proud of it. For several years, they tried to become followers of Gong Xue, and the rich paid for it.
As a result, people who study in Shudu are more ignorant than those who study in Qilu. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, all counties and countries in the world had established Gong Xue, starting from Wen Weng.
Wen Weng finally arrived in Shu, where officials and people set up ancestral halls and offered sacrifices when he was old. So far, Bashu is so elegant, and Wen Weng has changed.
Matters needing attention: ① investigation: recommended selection after investigation. (2) Li: Rectify and encourage.
Strange: refers to the military service and labor in the Han Dynasty. 1。
In the following statement, the explanation for the error in bold type is (). Answer.
I don't know much, but I know Chunqiu: I know B. I sent a message to Beijing: I sent it to C.
Officials and people in the county are proud to see it: proud. The Transformation of Wen Weng: Enlightenment II.
Translate underlined sentences into modern Chinese. (1) Wen Weng saw that the barbarian wind prevailed in the middle of Shu, so he wanted to introduce him to Shu.
(2) Let all counties and countries in the world establish Gong Xue, which started from Wen Weng. 3。
What measures has Wen Weng taken to educate Shu people and develop education? 4。 What happened in Wen Weng before and after the establishment and popularization of education in Gong Xue? Does this practice of promoting learning still have practical significance today? Please say it briefly according to your understanding and your own experience.
Answers to extracurricular paragraphs 1. (2 points) b ("Yi" means "go") 2.
(4 points) (1)(2 points) Seeing that Shu is remote and has barbarian customs, Wen Weng wants to guide its evolution (or improvement). Translate the general idea into 1 minute, and implement the meaning of "ugliness" and "seduction" into 0 points respectively.
Five points. ) (2)(2 points) Ordered the establishment of Gong Xue all over the world, starting from Wen Weng.
Translate the general idea into 1 minute, and implement the meaning of "Li" and "Wei" respectively. Five points. )
3。 (2 points) Wen Weng has taken the following measures: ① sending "talents" to Beijing to study; (2) Reuse the returned students according to their grades; (3) Building a study palace and advocating learning; (4) Exempt learners from military service and hard labor, and let them study with peace of mind.
(0 per minute. 5 points) 4.
(4 points) Change: Before: "There is barbarian wind in remote areas of Shu" (1 minute); Post: "Bashu is so elegant up to now" or "growing up" (1). The second question is the open question. As long as the content of the answer is reasonable and you tell your own experience, you can score 2 points.
Not reasonable enough to deduct points as appropriate.