I hope it helps you. Here I provide the whole high school political backbone knowledge principle.
Principle of backbone knowledge
(1) economic life (common knowledge points): the important skill of this module is topic analysis, and the common topics are: national/government producers, operators, consumers, workers, enterprises/companies.
★ 1 Give full play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation (enterprise type)
★2 Comprehensive use of various means to strengthen the country's macro-control (mainly measures)
★3 thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development's transformation of economic development mode (measure type)
★4 The role of finance (measurement type)
★5 defects in market supervision (cause type)
Take the road of new industrialization, adjust the economic (industrial) structure and build a harmonious (all-round well-off society)
7 the relationship between production and consumption
★8 Economic globalization and opening to the outside world
9 corporate reputation and image (measurement type)
10 enterprise production and management (measures)
Classic case study: How do a series of macro-control policies in China use the relevant knowledge in economic life to reflect the connotation of Scientific Outlook on Development?
① The first priority of Scientific Outlook on Development is development, and promoting economic growth is the primary goal of macro-control. Only by strengthening macro-control, can we solve the problems existing in economic operation, avoid the negative influence of market function and promote the steady and rapid economic development. At present, a series of macro-control policies are aimed at ensuring economic growth, which shows that Scientific Outlook on Development's top priority is development.
② The core of Scientific Outlook on Development is people-oriented. Against the background of the increasingly severe world financial crisis and the increasingly obvious impact on China's economy, China has made major adjustments to its macro-control policies. The change of fiscal policy from "steady" to "active" and monetary policy from "tight" to "moderately loose" is the requirement of safeguarding people's livelihood, safeguarding people's interests and implementing people-oriented Scientific Outlook on Development.
③ The basic requirement of Scientific Outlook on Development is comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable, and the fundamental method is overall consideration. Only by constantly strengthening and improving macro-control can we make overall plans and promote comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable economic and social development. In the face of the increasingly severe financial crisis, the China Municipal Government has made overall plans and introduced a series of macro-control policies, which are conducive to expanding domestic demand and ensuring growth.
(2) Political life (common knowledge points): This module is similar to economic life, and the application of topic analysis is very important. The common subjects are: citizens of the country/government (central government or municipal party committee).
International organizations/sovereign States
1 National Nature: China is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship.
Nature of government: Our government is the executor of people's will and the defender of people's interests.
The purpose of the government is to serve the people. The basic principle of government work is to be responsible to the people.
4. The function of the government (internal function) is to ensure people's democracy and long-term stability of the country; The function of organizing socialist economic construction;
(mainly for economic regulation, market supervision, social management and public services) the function of organizing socialist cultural construction; The function of providing social public services.
5 Party-building theory: the nature of the party: The China Producer Party is the vanguard of the working class and the people of China and the Chinese nation.
Status of the Party: China Producers' Party is the ruling party in China and the leading core of the cause of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Party and purpose: serving the people wholeheartedly
The guiding ideology of the Party: The essence of Theory of Three Represents is to build the Party for the public and govern for the people.
The party's ruling modes: scientific ruling, democratic ruling and ruling according to law (basic mode)
Citizens: China citizens' political participation (democratic election, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision).
Dealing with the relationship between citizens and the state: all citizens are equal before the law, their rights and obligations are unified, and the interests of the state and individuals are combined.
Sovereign country: peace and development are the two major themes of today's era.
The common interests between countries are the basis of national cooperation.
National interests are the decisive factor in international relations.
China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace: maintaining China's independence and sovereignty and promoting world peace and development are the basic goals of our foreign policy.
Independence is the basic position of China's foreign policy.
The Five Principles of Peace are the basic principles of China's foreign policy.
(3) Cultural life (frequently tested knowledge points): Cultural life is mainly based on textbook chapters, and each unit has key contents. In this topic, we highlight 10.
1 the function of culture;
Social function of culture
As a spiritual force, culture can be transformed into material force in the process of people's understanding and transformation of the world, which has a far-reaching impact on social development. Advanced and healthy culture will promote social development, while backward and decadent culture will hinder social development.
The relationship between culture, economy and politics
Culture and politics blend together. Economy is the foundation, politics is the concentrated expression of economy, culture is the reflection of economy and politics, and a certain culture is determined by a certain political economy. A certain culture reacts on a certain political economy and has a great influence on economic politics.
Culture and comprehensive national strength
In today's world, the competition of comprehensive national strength among countries is becoming increasingly fierce. Culture plays an increasingly prominent role in the competition of comprehensive national strength. The power of culture is deeply rooted in the vitality, creativity and cohesion of the nation and has become an important symbol of comprehensive national strength.
The influence of culture on people
Excellent culture can enrich people's spiritual world. Excellent culture can enhance people's spiritual world. Excellent culture can promote people's all-round development.
2 the significance of promoting cultural exchanges
(1) to promote the spread of China culture; (2) Promoting the spread of foreign cultures; ③ Promote the development of world culture.
Promoting cultural exchange is not only beneficial to the development and progress of our national culture, but also to the development of world culture. We should not only warmly welcome excellent cultures from all over the world to spread in China, but also actively promote China culture to the world. It is the mission entrusted to us by the times to be a friendly messenger of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.
3 the relationship between cultural inheritance and development
(1) Inheritance is a necessary prerequisite for development, and development is an inevitable requirement of inheritance. Inheritance and development are two sides of the same process. In this process, we constantly get rid of the outdated old culture and introduce a new culture that embodies the spirit of the times. This is "bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new".
② Develop on the basis of inheritance and inherit in the process of development, which is cultural inheritance. Only by grasping the relationship between cultural inheritance and development, critically inheriting traditional culture and constantly bringing forth the new can we make correct cultural choices and become conscious cultural inheritors and users.
4 the significance of cultural innovation
Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and an inexhaustible motive force for a country's prosperity.
(2) Cultural innovation can promote the development of social practice and people's all-round development (promoting the development of social practice and promoting people's all-round development is the fundamental purpose of cultural innovation, and it is also the standard for testing cultural innovation. )
(3) Cultural innovation can promote the prosperity of national culture and is an important guarantee for a nation to maintain its vitality and cohesion forever.
5 Innovation, reference and integration
The process of cultural innovation is not only the process of mutual exchange and integration of different national cultures, but also the process of drawing on and absorbing all outstanding cultural achievements of mankind and developing national culture. The exchange, reference and integration of different national cultures is an inevitable process of cultural innovation.
In the process of cultural exchange, reference and integration, we should take the world's excellent culture as nutrition and fully absorb the beneficial achievements of foreign cultures.
③ When learning and drawing lessons from the excellent cultural achievements of other nationalities, we should give priority to ourselves and use it for our own benefit. We should be rooted in the cultural soil of our nation and constantly realize the cultural innovation of the Chinese nation.
6 the basic connotation of the Chinese national spirit
1) the role of the Chinese national spirit (why should we carry forward and cultivate the national spirit? ):
① Relationship between Chinese culture and Chinese national spirit: The strength of Chinese culture is concentrated in the strength of national spirit, which is deeply rooted in excellent cultural traditions.
② The spirit of the Chinese nation has always been the spiritual bond to maintain the common life of people of all ethnic groups, the spiritual pillar to support the survival and development of the Chinese nation, the spiritual motive force to promote the prosperity of the Chinese nation, and the soul of the Chinese nation.
2) Basic connotation of Chinese national spirit: The Chinese nation has formed a great national spirit with patriotism as the core, unity, love for peace, diligence and courage, and constant self-improvement.
Seven ways to carry forward and cultivate national spirit;
To carry forward and cultivate the national spirit, the most important thing is to play the role of "backbone", that is, to play the role of Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Thought and Theory of Three Represents.
To carry forward and cultivate the national spirit, we must inherit and carry forward the fine traditions of the Chinese nation.
To carry forward and cultivate the national spirit, we must correctly treat the influence of foreign ideology and culture.
④ Carrying forward and cultivating the national spirit must be combined with carrying forward the spirit of the times.
8. Carry forward and cultivate the spirit of the Chinese nation:
In the face of the mutual agitation of various ideologies and cultures around the world, in order to keep all the people in a high spirit, we must hold the torch of national spirit higher and take carrying forward and cultivating the Chinese national spirit as an extremely important task in cultural construction.
Carrying forward and cultivating the spirit of the Chinese nation is an inevitable requirement for improving the comprehensive quality of the whole nation.
Carrying forward and cultivating the spirit of the Chinese nation is the requirement of continuously enhancing China's international competitiveness.
Carrying forward and cultivating the spirit of the Chinese nation is the need to adhere to the socialist road.
9 the position of ideological and moral construction in cultural construction
Ideological and moral construction is an important content and central link of cultural construction in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. It stipulates the nature and direction of cultural construction and is the soul of cultural construction.
10 main contents of socialist ideological and moral construction
(1) Thoroughly educate the Party's basic theory, line, program and experience, and guide people to establish Socialism with Chinese characteristics's ideal, correct world outlook, outlook on life and values.
Carry forward the spirit of patriotism, adhere to serving the people as the core, collectivism as the principle, honesty as the focus, love the motherland, people, labor, science and socialism as the basic requirements, and focus on social morality, professional ethics and family virtues.
(3) Advocating citizens' basic moral norms and guiding people to pursue higher ideological and moral goals on the basis of observing basic codes of conduct.
(4) Life and Philosophy (knowledge points frequently tested): This module focuses on breaking through the correct understanding of the four major sections of philosophy and the accurate understanding of philosophical principles, and each unit has test sites. In this topic, we emphasize our understanding of this part.
1 dialectical materialism (materialism) (lesson 65438 +0-5, what is the origin of the world)
Main principles: the relationship between matter and consciousness, objective laws and subjective initiative, and the positive role of consciousness.
Attention: the active role of consciousness
1, the characteristics of consciousness initiative:
(1) Consciousness activities are purposeful and planned.
(2) Consciousness activities are initiative, creativity and consciousness selectivity.
2, the performance of conscious initiative:
(1) People can actively understand the world.
A, people can not only know the external phenomenon of things, but also grasp the essence and laws of things.
B, people can not only know the present, but also trace the past and predict the future.
(2) People can actively transform the world.
First, consciousness has a guiding role in transforming the objective world.
B. Consciousness can regulate people's physiological activities.
The objective law and the dynamic role of consciousness
1. Respect objective laws and give play to subjective initiative.
(1) When doing things, we should respect the objective laws of material movement, start from the things that exist objectively, and find out the internal laws of things themselves rather than the imaginary laws through investigation and study, which will serve as the basis for our actions.
(2) Respecting objective laws and seeking truth from facts does not mean denying subjective initiative. It requires us to constantly emancipate our minds, keep pace with the times, and explore the nature and laws of things with a pragmatic spirit.
(3) Combine respecting objective laws with exerting subjective initiative, and unify a high degree of revolutionary enthusiasm with a rigorous and realistic scientific attitude.
2 materialist dialectics (dialectics) (lesson 7-10, what is the state of the world)
Main principles:
View of Connection: Universality and Objectivity of Connection
Diversity of contact (focus on the whole and part, master the method of system and optimization,)
1, the relationship between the whole and the parts
(1) The principle of the relationship between the whole and the parts,
The whole and the parts are different from each other. The whole is the whole situation of things and the whole process of development, and some are local and various stages of development; The whole and the part have different positions, functions and functions in the development of things. The whole is in a dominant position, commanding parts and having functions that some parts do not have; Part is in a dominant position in the existence and development of things, obeying and serving the whole.
The whole and the part are interrelated and inseparable. The whole is composed of parts, and the functions of some parts and their changes will affect the functions of the whole, and the functions of key parts and their changes will even play a decisive role in the functions of the whole. Part is a part of the whole, and the functional state of the whole and its changes will also affect part.
(2) Methodology to understand the relationship between the whole and the parts,
It is necessary to establish the overall concept, base on the whole, make overall plans, choose the best scheme, achieve the overall optimal goal, and achieve the ideal effect that the overall function is greater than the sum of some functions; At the same time, we must attach importance to the role of the local, do a good job of the local, and promote the overall development with local development.
2. System optimization method
① The meaning and characteristics of the system. A system is a unified whole composed of interrelated and interacting elements. The basic characteristics of the system are integrity, orderliness and the optimization trend of internal structure.
② To master the system method, we should pay attention to the integrity of things, the order of the internal structure of the system and the optimization trend of the internal structure of the system.
(3) Systematic approach requires us to understand things in a comprehensive way of thinking.
The universality of development. The essence of development is to look at the problem from the perspective of development (the development of things is a faltering gradual unity, so prepare for quantitative change and promote qualitative change of things)
Contradictory views:
1 Contradictory viewpoint: identity and struggle
The identity of contradiction is the attribute and trend of mutual attraction and contact between the two sides of contradiction. It has two meanings. First, the two sides of the contradiction are interdependent, and the existence of one side is based on the existence of the other, and the two sides are in a unity; Second, the two sides of the contradiction are interrelated, that is, they penetrate, contain and transform each other under certain conditions.
Contradictory struggle refers to the mutual exclusion and opposition between the two sides of contradiction.
The identity of contradiction is inseparable from the struggle.
2. Universality and particularity of contradiction.
① Universality of contradiction
It means that contradictions exist in everything and run through the development process of everything. Everything is contradictory, and there are contradictions from time to time.
Understanding the universality of contradictions is the premise of adhering to materialist dialectics. We should admit contradictions, analyze contradictions, dare to expose contradictions, and actively seek the correct methods to solve contradictions; We must also be good at comprehensively analyzing contradictions, adhere to the dichotomy, and prevent one-sidedness.
(2) the particularity of contradiction (contradiction is the internal cause of the diversity of all things and the special essence that distinguishes things from other things).
The particularity of contradiction means that every side of contradiction has its own characteristics. There are three main situations: first, different things have different contradictions; Second, the same thing has different contradictions in different processes and stages of development; Third, different contradictions of the same thing and two different aspects of the same contradiction also have their own particularities.
Under the guidance of the principle of universality of contradictions, concrete analysis of specific problems is to analyze the particularity of contradictions and find out the correct methods to solve them. The concrete analysis of concrete problems is an important principle of Marxism and the living soul of Marxism. The concrete analysis of specific problems is the basis for us to correctly understand things and the key for us to correctly solve contradictions. The contradictions of things are different, which determines that the methods to solve contradictions cannot be the same.
(3) the relationship between universality and particularity of contradiction (the relationship between contradiction and individuality, general and individual)
The universality and particularity of contradiction are interrelated. On the one hand, universality lies in particularity and is manifested through particularity; On the other hand, particularity is inseparable from universality. The universality and particularity of contradictions are mutually transformed under certain conditions.
The methodological significance of the principle of the relationship between universality and particularity of contradiction
The principle of dialectical relationship between universality and particularity of contradiction is the essence of contradiction between things, the philosophical basis of combining the universal principle of Marxism with the concrete reality of China, and the theoretical basis of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
3, the relationship between the principal contradiction and the secondary contradiction
In the development of complex things, the contradiction that plays a decisive role in the development of things is the main contradiction; Other subordinate contradictions that have no decisive role in the development of things are secondary contradictions. The principal contradiction and the secondary contradiction depend on each other, influence each other and transform each other under certain conditions.
4. The relationship between the major and minor aspects of contradiction.
In a contradiction, the status and role of the two aspects are different. The dominant party is the main aspect of the contradiction, and the nature of things is mainly determined by the main aspect of the main contradiction. The main aspect of the contradiction is the secondary aspect. The major and minor aspects of contradiction are mutually exclusive and interdependent, and can be transformed under certain conditions.
The principle of dialectical relationship between principal contradiction and secondary contradiction, and between principal and secondary aspects of contradiction requires us to adhere to the contradiction analysis method of "one divides into two" and the cognitive method of unifying two-point theory and key theory.
Adhere to the unity of two-point theory and key theory.
Adhere to the two-point theory, that is, when understanding the development process of complex things, we should not only see the main contradictions, but also see the secondary contradictions. To understand a contradiction, we should not only see the main aspects of the contradiction, but also see the secondary aspects of the contradiction.
Adhering to the key theory is to pay attention to grasping the main contradiction when understanding the development process of complex things; When understanding a contradiction, we should focus on the main aspects of the contradiction and grasp the mainstream.
The two-point theory of dialectics focuses on two points, not equilibrium theory. The point is two points, not one. We should adhere to the unity of two-point theory and key theory, and oppose metaphysical one-point theory and balance theory.
Dialectical negative view
1, dialectical negative view
Dialectical negation is the negation of things themselves, that is, denying themselves and developing themselves.
② Dialectical negation is the link of development and the fundamental way to realize the emergence of new things and promote the extinction of old things. Dialectical negation is the bond of connection. New things come from old things, and they always absorb, retain and transform the positive factors in old things as the basis of their existence and development.
The essence of dialectical negation is "sublation", which is neither simply affirming everything nor simply denying everything.
The dialectical view of negation requires us to establish a sense of innovation, so as to be both original and practical. We should not only respect books and authority, but also base ourselves on practice, emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep pace with the times and constantly realize the innovative development of theory and practice.
2. Metaphysical negative view
The metaphysical view of negation is to treat affirmation and negation in absolute isolation, treat the negation of things as simple external negation, completely abandon them, and split the dialectical unity relationship between affirmation and negation, which means absolute affirmation and affirmation of everything; Negation is absolute negation, denying everything.
3 materialist dialectics and innovative consciousness
1, the revolutionary critical spirit and innovative consciousness of dialectics
Dialectics is critical, revolutionary and innovative in nature.
② The revolutionary critical spirit of dialectics is closely related to innovative consciousness.
(3) The revolutionary critical spirit of dialectics and the requirements of critical thinking: pay close attention to the reality of change and development, and dare to break through the stereotypes and backward concepts that are inconsistent with reality; Pay attention to the study of new situations, be good at raising new questions, dare to discover new ideas, establish new concepts and open up new realms;
2. The social function of innovation
① Innovation promotes the development of productive forces.
The essence of science is innovation. The development of science and technology has a profound and extensive impact on all aspects of human society. Innovation has updated people's production tools and technologies, improved the quality of workers, opened up a wider range of labor objects and promoted the development of productive forces.
② Innovation promotes the change of production relations and social system.
Theoretical innovation based on practice is the forerunner of social development and change.
Theoretical innovation has promoted institutional innovation, scientific and technological innovation and cultural innovation.
③ Innovation promotes the development of human thinking and culture.
Innovation promotes the change of human thinking mode. Theoretical innovation on the basis of practice and practical innovation under the guidance of theory, while promoting the development of science and technology, make the nature and level of human thinking constantly updated and improved. Innovation promotes the development of human culture.
3 Epistemology: (Lesson 6, Exploring the Relationship between Practice and Cognition)
Main principles:
Practice is the basis of understanding.
Practice is the source of knowledge.
Cognition is produced to meet the needs of practice, and cognition is produced in the practice of changing objects.
2. Practice is the driving force of cognitive development.
Human understanding is not static, it always develops from shallow to deep, from one-sided to comprehensive, from low to high.
In practice, people constantly encounter new problems, produce new requirements, and push people to carry out new exploration and research.
The development of practice provides new cognitive tools and technical means, thus promoting the development of cognition.
C practice exercises and improves people's cognitive ability, thus promoting the deepening of understanding.
3. Practice is the only criterion to test the truth of knowledge.
A knowledge itself cannot be a criterion for judging.
B the objective thing itself cannot answer whether understanding correctly reflects it.
The comparison and contrast between subjective and objective can be tested.
4. Practice is the fundamental purpose of cognition.
Transforming the world is the purpose and destination of understanding the world. Without practice, knowledge loses its meaning.
truth
1, the objectivity of truth
(1) Truth is a philosophical category that marks the consistency between subjective and objective, and it is a correct reflection of objective things and their laws.
(2) The most basic attribute of truth is objectivity. Truth is subjective in form and objective in content, and objectivity is the basic attribute of truth. Because, a, the content of truth comes from the objective things and laws of the material world, and the content of truth does not depend on people and their subjective will; B the criterion for testing truth is objective social practice.
(3) There is only one truth and everyone is equal before the truth. Because people have different positions, viewpoints and methods, they have different understandings of things; Everyone's knowledge composition, cognitive ability and cognitive level are different, and their understanding of the same thing is different, but only one is correct, that is, there is only one truth.
2. The concreteness of truth
Any truth is relative to the specific process, and it is the concrete historical unity of subjectivity and objectivity, theory and practice. If we leave this particular process condition, truth will become fallacy.
3. Conditionality of truth
Any truth has its own scope and conditions of application. Any truth will become fallacy if it goes beyond its scope and conditions of application.
4. Truth and fallacy, truth and fallacy often go hand in hand.
(1) If we ignore the process, don't enrich, develop and perfect the truth with the changes of historical conditions, just copy past knowledge, or go beyond historical conditions and apply scientific knowledge applicable to one condition to another unrealistically, the truth will become fallacy.
(2) In the process of people exploring truth, mistakes are inevitable. Making mistakes is not terrible. The terrible thing is that you can't treat them correctly. Cognitive process. 1. Cognition is repetitive: the subject of cognition is restricted by various conditions, and the object of cognition is complex and changeable.
2. The reason why knowledge is infinite: A, the object of knowledge is changing, B, people are the continuation of the times, and C, social practice is constantly developing.
The pursuit of truth is a never-ending process. We must know and develop truth in practice, and test and develop truth in practice.
4 Outlook on life and values: (lesson 1 1- 12 discusses the relationship between man and society)
Main principles:
The relationship between social existence and social consciousness: social existence determines social consciousness, and social consciousness reacts on social existence.
Productivity and relations of production: the mode of production of material materials is the basis for the existence and development of human society.
The interaction between productive forces and production relations and their contradictory movements: in the mode of production, productive forces are the most revolutionary and active factors. The status of productive forces determines the nature of production relations, and the change and development of productive forces will lead to the change of production relations sooner or later. The relations of production are counterproductive to productivity. When the relations of production are suitable for the development of productive forces, it promotes the development of productive forces; When the relations of production do not adapt to the development of productive forces, it hinders the development of productive forces.
The interaction between economic base and superstructure and its contradictory movement: economic base determines superstructure, and superstructure reacts on economic base. When the superstructure adapts to the economic base, it will promote the consolidation and improvement of the economic base; When it is not suitable for the economic base, it will hinder the development and reform of the economic base. When the superstructure serves the advanced economic foundation, it promotes the development of productive forces and social progress; When it serves the backward economic base, it promotes the development of productive forces and social progress; When it serves the backward economic base, it restricts the development of productive forces and hinders the progress of society.
People are the creators of history.
The historical role of the people: the people are the creators of history, the people are the creators of material wealth, the people are the creators of social spiritual wealth, and the people are the decisive force for social change.
Adhere to the party's mass viewpoint and mass line.
The guiding role of values
(1) On the basis of understanding the value of various specific things, people will form a general view and a fundamental view of the value of things, which is the values.
(2) As a kind of social consciousness, values have a great reaction to social existence and an important guiding role to people's behavior. Values play an important guiding role in people's activities of understanding and transforming the world. Values play an important guiding role in the choice of life path.
Value judgment and value choice
To establish correct values and make correct value judgments and value choices, we must adhere to the truth and follow the objective laws of social development. Consciously stand in the interests of the overwhelming majority of the people.
How to create and realize the value of life
(1) Create value through labor and dedication. People who work are happy. Only in labor can people freely display and exert their intelligence and physical strength, will and emotion, so as to realize and prove their value. In socialist society, labor is an important means to create a better life for human beings and promote their free and all-round development. Happy are those who work hard. Actively participating in the practice of serving the people is the only way to realize the value of life and the fundamental way to have a happy life.
(2) Realizing value in the unity of individual and society. The objective conditions provided by society are the basis for people to realize the value of life. Man's value can only be realized in society. Only by correctly handling the relationship between individuals and collectives, individuals and society can we realize our own value in contributing to society.
(3) Strive for self-improvement and success. To realize the value of life, we need to give full play to subjective initiative and the spirit of tenacious struggle and self-improvement; To realize the value of life, we need to develop our own talents and improve our personal quality in an all-round way. Realizing the value of life requires firm ideals and beliefs and the guidance of correct values.