The first stage is 1986.6- 1993.3, which is only the stage of mail.
During this period, some scientific research departments and universities in China began to study Internet networking technology, and carried out scientific research projects and scientific and technological cooperation. At present, the network application is limited to a small range of e-mail services, and only provides e-mail services for a few universities and research institutions. The development experience is as follows:
1986: Dialing (Terminal)
1990: x.25 (1989.11:China Pacific, 1993.9: China Pacific).
1993.3: DECnet (email only)
The second stage, from 1994.4 to 1996, is a fully functional connection.
1In April, 1994, the educational and scientific research demonstration network project in Zhongguancun area entered the Internet, realizing the TCP/IP connection with the Internet, thus opening a full-featured Internet service. Since then, China has been officially recognized as a country with Internet. After that, many Internet projects, such as ChinaNet, CERnet, CSTnet and ChinaGBnet, were launched nationwide, and the Internet began to enter public life, which developed rapidly in China. By the end of 1996, the number of netizens in China has reached 200,000, and the services and applications using the Internet have gradually increased.
The third stage, from 1997 to now, is a stage of rapid growth.
After 1997, the number of domestic netizens basically doubled every six months. Today, there are more than 20 million Internet users. According to the statistical report released by China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), as of June 30th, 20001year, there were about10.002 million Internet computers in China, including 3000 dedicated computers10.63 million, 8.39 million dial-up computers and 26.5 million netizens. The number of users who use other devices (mobile terminals and information appliances) other than computers to surf the Internet is 6.5438+0.07 million. There are 242739 registered domain names 128362 and WWW sites under CN, and the international export bandwidth is 3257Mbps.
For details, please refer to the Memorabilia of Internet Development in China published by China Internet Information Center (CNNIC). At present, there are ten commercial Internet backbone units with independent international import and export routes and non-profit Internet backbone units for education, science and technology, economy and trade in China. There are now more than 600 Internet access service providers (ISPs), of which about 200 operate across provinces.
In terms of network infrastructure, in recent years, China has successively launched a number of international optical cable systems. Has been built and put into use; China, Japan, China and South Korea, global submarine optical cable system, Asia-Europe terrestrial optical cable system; Under construction are: Asia-Pacific No.2 submarine cable, China-US submarine cable and Asia-Europe submarine cable. 1999 * * * There are 13 domestic trunk optical cables put into use or put into trial operation. The total length of optical cable is 654.38+00,000 kilometers. The domestic Internet backbone network has expanded its original channels in an all-round way, and the relay circuit is mainly 155M. With the wide application of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology in optical communication construction, the bandwidth of Internet backbone network can reach 2.5G-40G.
According to Leng Rongquan, deputy general manager of China Telecom Group, China Internet backbone network has gone through three stages since 1996: before 1996, most of them used 64K to 2M transmission channels; 1997 to 1999, and the channels from 2M to 1 15M are mostly; From 2000 to 200 1, from 1 15M to 2.5G；; From 2002, it will gradually enter the era of 10G.
In June 2002, 65438+1October1,China Telecom Shanghai-Hangzhou 10G IP over DWDM was completed and opened. The long-distance wavelength division multiplexing transmission system constructed by this channel adopts Cisco's long-distance wavelength division multiplexing system and a series of high-speed Internet routers. The system has been used by large telecom operators all over the world to build a large-scale, fast and stable "IP+ optical" network, and it has been proved to be stable, reliable and advanced. The opening of the widest data communication channel in China marks the entry of China Internet backbone transmission network from 2.5G to 10G era, the data transmission capacity of China Telecom has reached the international advanced level, and China Telecom data network has become a real high-speed data network and massive bandwidth network.