Knowledge of chemical safety. File 1. Chemical plant safety knowledge
On the one hand, the first aid of dangerous chemical accidents should prevent the degree of burns and poisoning from deepening. On the other hand, it is necessary to maintain the patient's respiratory and circulatory functions.
Hazardous chemical burns:
For chemical skin burns, you should stay away from the scene immediately and take off contaminated clothes, shoes and socks. Wash the wound with plenty of flowing water for 20 to 30 minutes (strong chemicals take longer). Don't apply ointment, mercuric chloride and purple chloride to fresh wounds at will, and don't wrap them with dirty cloth. For chemical eye burns, flowing water should be used, and the eyelids should be broken when washing, and the chemicals wrapped in the eyelids should be thoroughly washed. If there is no washing equipment at the scene, you can bury your head in clean basin water, open your eyelids and let your eyes rotate back and forth for washing. If calcium carbide and quicklime particles splash into your eyes, take out the cotton swab dipped in paraffin oil or vegetable oil first, and then rinse it with clear water.
Poisoning by dangerous chemicals:
For acute poisoning of dangerous chemicals, if it is skin poisoning, the contaminated clothes should be taken off quickly and washed with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes. When the head and face are polluted, you should first pay attention to washing your eyes. If it is inhalation poisoning, you should leave the poisoning site quickly and move to a place with fresh air upwind. At the same time, untie the patient's collar, relax the belt, keep the respiratory tract open and keep warm. If it is oral poisoning, and toxic substances are non-corrosive, vomiting can be used to make it spit out toxic substances. When taking corrosive substances such as strong alkali and strong acid by mistake, vomiting will cause serious damage to esophagus and throat again. You can take milk, egg white, soybean milk, starch paste, etc. At this time, gastric lavage and sodium bicarbonate should be avoided to prevent flatulence from causing perforation. If the victim's cardiac arrest or respiratory arrest is found at the scene, artificial respiration and external cardiac compression should be performed immediately to maintain his respiratory and circulatory functions.
At the same time of simple first aid at the scene, the patient should be contacted to the hospital in time. The escort should provide the hospital with the causes of burns or poisoning and the names of chemicals; If the chemical substance is unknown, a sample of the substance or vomit should be taken to the hospital for testing. On-site rescuers should pay attention to their own protection. If the time is not long, if there are water-soluble poisons (chlorine, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc. ), cover your nose and mouth with a soaked towel for simple protection, and wear protective equipment such as gas masks if possible.
2. Chemical safety knowledge
1 Chemical analysts should wear labor protection articles as required.
2. Analytical drugs should be classified and stored, and strong oxidants, low-boiling inflammables and drugs that can have violent interaction should be stored according to the minimum packaging quantity. The drug storehouse shall not be overloaded or mixed.
It is forbidden to store a large number of dangerous goods in the analysis room. Reagents and drugs used for analysis must be labeled.
3 analysts should abide by the relevant provisions of national standards when sampling, and pay attention to the relevant safety regulations of the on-site production workshop. 4 compressed gas cylinders should be properly kept and stored separately, and hydrogen should be stored in * * *, with no more than two bottles in the laboratory and no leakage.
Hydrogen cylinders and oxygen cylinders shall not be mixed. Liquid oxygen should not be dumped indoors, but should be treated outdoors; And abide by the Regulations on Safety Supervision of Gas Cylinders.
Liquefied petroleum gas should be properly kept for glass workers to use. 6 Strengthen ventilation to prevent harmful gases in the air from exceeding the standard.
Smoking is strictly prohibited in the laboratory. Open flame operation must be approved, and hot work is not allowed without permission. 8 oil bath can't be excessive, electric heater is fixed, and it is not allowed to move casually.
Highly toxic products should be analyzed by special personnel and operated according to regulations. If toxic gas is generated during the analysis, it should be analyzed in the poison gas cabinet. 10 highly toxic samples should be sent back to the workshop in time to prevent loss.
1 1 Operators of highly toxic reagents must know the chemical properties of the preparation and wear protective equipment during operation to prevent accidental diffusion and pollution during operation. 12 where highly toxic reagents are used, there must be ventilation equipment. Before operation, turn on the ventilation equipment before work.
Continue to ventilate after work, and then turn off the ventilation equipment later. Ventilation equipment is not allowed to work when it fails.
13 highly toxic reagents shall be kept by special personnel, and must be strictly controlled when used, and shall not leave without authorization. After the 14 test, the operator should thoroughly clean and clean the instruments and workplaces that use highly toxic reagents.
Unused toxic reagents must be properly placed and clearly marked, and it is forbidden to take the reagents out of the room. 15 drugs must be under the dual responsibility system of two people.
Storage and collection must be carried out in accordance with the provisions of drug administration, and the use of drama drugs must be operated by two people. 16 the scientific research and test analysis of new products, new processes, new varieties and new equipment must be reported to the factory and relevant departments for approval before the analysis can be carried out.
The toxicity and related safety, physical and chemical properties of raw materials, intermediate products, products and by-products needed for 17 test should be understood when analyzing the test products. In the analysis of 18 test products, it is necessary to improve the detection methods of toxic and harmful substances, safety protection measures and the idea of "three wastes" treatment, and the dramatic drugs and explosives after test and analysis must be collected centrally to prevent accidents.
19 the production analysis of expanded test products can only be carried out after passing the inspection by the security department. When analyzing and sampling the raw materials of inflammable and explosive chemical products, we must operate in strict accordance with the relevant provisions on fire prevention and explosion prevention.
3. Safety precautions in chemical plants
Original publisher: House loves Yan Xin.
1. Please wear work clothes and label at work. Sandals, slippers, high heels, vests, skirts and strapless pants are not allowed to enter the workshop. If the sewing class has long hair, wear a hat or a hairnet. 2, it is forbidden to play in the workshop, play, it is forbidden to shuttle in the workshop. 3. Wear and use labor protection articles carefully. 4, must strictly abide by the safety requirements of dangerous operations.
5. Smoking and hot work are strictly prohibited in the workshop. 6, it is strictly prohibited to drink before and during working hours. 7. When commuting, it is forbidden to crowd in the corridor. 8. Concentrate on your work and don't do anything unrelated to your work.
9. Clear or eliminate obstacles in time.
4. Chemical plant safety knowledge
(1) Observe the safety operation rules and use appropriate protective equipment;
(2) After work, before meals, before drinking water and smoking, fully clean the exposed parts of the body;
③ Regular physical examination;
④ When the skin is injured, it should be properly bandaged;
(5) always pay attention to prevent self-pollution, especially when cleaning or changing clothes;
⑥ Don't put contaminated things such as rags and tools in clothes pockets;
⑦ Protective articles should be separated and washed separately;
8 frequently cut nails and keep them clean;
Pet-name ruby don't direct contact with chemicals that can cause allergies;
Attending after work, put on work clothes, wash your hair and take a shower. As long as you maintain good personal hygiene, you don't have to worry about the harm of chemicals to people.
5. Chemical safety knowledge
1 Chemical analysts should wear labor protection articles as required.
2. Analytical drugs should be classified and stored, and strong oxidants, low-boiling inflammables and drugs that can have violent interaction should be stored according to the minimum packaging quantity. The drug storehouse shall not be overloaded or mixed. It is forbidden to store a large number of dangerous goods in the analysis room. Reagents and drugs used for analysis must be labeled.
3 analysts should abide by the relevant provisions of national standards when sampling, and pay attention to the relevant safety regulations of the on-site production workshop.
4 compressed gas cylinders should be properly kept and stored separately, and hydrogen should be stored in * * *, with no more than two bottles in the laboratory and no leakage. Hydrogen cylinders and oxygen cylinders shall not be mixed. Liquid oxygen should not be dumped indoors, but should be treated outdoors; And abide by the Regulations on Safety Supervision of Gas Cylinders.
Liquefied petroleum gas should be properly kept for glass workers to use.
6 Strengthen ventilation to prevent harmful gases in the air from exceeding the standard.
Smoking is strictly prohibited in the laboratory. Open flame operation must be approved, and hot work is not allowed without permission.
8 oil bath can't be excessive, electric heater is fixed, and it is not allowed to move casually.
Highly toxic products should be analyzed by special personnel and operated according to regulations. If toxic gas is generated during the analysis, it should be analyzed in the poison gas cabinet.
10 highly toxic samples should be sent back to the workshop in time to prevent loss.
1 1 Operators of highly toxic reagents must know the chemical properties of the preparation and wear protective equipment during operation to prevent accidental diffusion and pollution during operation.
12 where highly toxic reagents are used, there must be ventilation equipment. Before operation, turn on the ventilation equipment before work. Continue to ventilate after work, and then turn off the ventilation equipment later. Ventilation equipment is not allowed to work when it fails.
13 highly toxic reagents shall be kept by special personnel, and must be strictly controlled when used, and shall not leave without authorization.
After the 14 test, the operator should thoroughly clean and clean the instruments and workplaces that use highly toxic reagents. Unused toxic reagents must be properly placed and clearly marked, and it is forbidden to take the reagents out of the room.
15 drugs must be under the dual responsibility system of two people. Storage and collection must be carried out in accordance with the provisions of drug administration, and the use of drama drugs must be operated by two people.
16 the scientific research and test analysis of new products, new processes, new varieties and new equipment must be reported to the factory and relevant departments for approval before the analysis can be carried out.
The toxicity and related safety, physical and chemical properties of raw materials, intermediate products, products and by-products needed for 17 test should be understood when analyzing the test products.
In the analysis of 18 test products, it is necessary to improve the detection methods of toxic and harmful substances, safety protection measures and the idea of "three wastes" treatment, and the dramatic drugs and explosives after test and analysis must be collected centrally to prevent accidents.
19 the production analysis of expanded test products can only be carried out after passing the inspection by the security department.
When analyzing and sampling the raw materials of inflammable and explosive chemical products, we must operate in strict accordance with the relevant provisions on fire prevention and explosion prevention.