introduce
In the context of rapid economic development, basic transportation facilities such as bridges have been continuously improved, effectively improving the convenience of people's travel. The design stage is an important link in the early stage of bridge construction. Whether the design is reasonable or not will directly affect the final construction quality of the bridge. If the design is unreasonable, people's lives and property will be lost [1].
1 Several Problems in Bridge Engineering Design
The bridge design of 1. 1 lacks integrity.
In the process of bridge design, designers need to fully consider the comprehensive situation of the bridge, not only to fully ensure the safety and reliability of its engineering quality, but also to ensure its sufficient stability and service life. There are many details in the process of bridge design. Only by ensuring the scientific rationality of each process can the final quality requirements be achieved after the bridge construction is completed. At present, a few designers fail to design according to the actual situation of bridge engineering, and the information collected by exploration is not deep and comprehensive enough, which leads to a great deviation between the design scheme and reality. If the integrity is neglected in the design process, it will inevitably lead to greater safety hazards of the bridge, and at the same time affect the construction progress and increase the construction cost [2].
The design scheme of 1.2 bridge is unreasonable.
First of all, considering the heavy design tasks, some designers only modify the original design scheme in the design process to shorten the construction period and improve the short-term economic benefits. Although this can save some costs, it brings great inconvenience and influence to the later construction, and it is also easy to cause rework. Secondly, the increasing number and scale of bridges put forward higher requirements for designers. However, in actual work, the design scheme is not innovative, and the supervision is not in place, which leads to a very chaotic market environment, and finally leads to the bridge design scheme can not meet the engineering needs, excessive waste of resources and serious security risks. Finally, the local government intervened excessively, and many bridge design schemes did not follow the economic principles. Some government officials intervene in the design scheme according to their personal preferences, which makes the final design scheme unable to reflect the optimization principle and meet the actual requirements.
1.3 The structural system of the design structure is not perfect.
In the process of bridge design, many designers only pay attention to the content required by the code, but ignore the durability of structural materials and the man-made structural safety problems in the construction process. In the design process, the integrity and ductility of some structures are insufficient; Some calculation schemes and stress lines are not clear, resulting in excessive local stress; In the design of concrete strength, the thickness of protective layer is too small, and the diameter of steel bar is not up to standard. These problems have a great influence on the durability of the structure to a certain extent, which will reduce the safety of the bridge. In addition, although some design contents meet the strength requirements in the design code, the structural safety problems of the bridge structure only appear after about 10 years of use. Therefore, attention must be paid to structural durability.
1.4 The professional quality of designers is not high enough.
At present, the level of bridge designers in China is uneven. Designers are direct participants in bridge construction projects, which have great influence on the quality of the project. Because the bridge design process is complex and the task is heavy, designers need to consider the actual situation of the project comprehensively. However, at present, the professional quality and knowledge level of some designers are relatively low, so it is difficult to complete the design work of a project independently. Many designers take safety and stability as the primary consideration in the design process, without comprehensive consideration and design, ignoring structural strength, later operation and maintenance and service life. This will lead to hidden dangers, which will appear in the actual use of the bridge and eventually lead to the instability of the bridge [3].
2 bridge engineering design problems and countermeasures
2. 1 Master the integrity principle of bridge design.
The integrity of bridge design should be paid enough attention, so as to effectively eliminate hidden dangers in the design scheme. In the design process, designers should first follow the principle of integrity, form a main framework, and then gradually improve it, and fully consider the actual situation of the project. For example, in the design, it is necessary to ensure that the bridge project meets the needs of local traffic and that all kinds of vehicles and pedestrians can use it. At the same time, it is necessary to evaluate the problems existing in the project in time and put forward solutions to ensure that the bridge design meets the overall requirements [4].
2.2 Reasonable selection of design scheme
In the process of bridge design, designers should choose a reasonable design scheme according to the actual situation of the project to ensure the safety and durability of the bridge. There are many bridge design schemes. In the design process, the main structure form should be fully considered and the most reasonable design scheme should be selected according to the actual situation. On the premise of ensuring that the design method conforms to the corresponding specifications, it is necessary to select mature technologies, coordinate the relations between all aspects, and minimize potential safety hazards. 2.3 Pay attention to the durability of the structure. In view of the structural system problems, the durability of the bridge structure should be taken as the main design parameter in the design process, and the overall layout and structural details of the structure should be fully considered to ensure the convenience of maintenance and the safety of the bridge after it is put into operation. At the same time, the materials used in bridge construction, such as concrete and steel bars, are designed according to the requirements of existing codes to ensure the safety and durability of bridge structures.
2.4 Training high-quality designers
(1) The reliability of the bridge is directly related to the safety of people's lives and property, so it is very important to choose a scientific and reasonable design scheme to improve the quality of the bridge. Whether the design scheme is reasonable or not is directly affected by the knowledge level and quality of the designers. In order to comprehensively improve the quality level of bridges, it is necessary to effectively improve the quality of designers. Because there are many contents in bridge design, it is necessary to carry out overall evaluation and analysis in the design process. Only by ensuring that the designers have high quality and professional level can the rationality of the design scheme be effectively guaranteed. (2) Let designers have a sense of innovation and risk, regularly participate in professional theoretical knowledge learning and skills training, and start with changing ideas and bold innovation. Learn the true meaning of risk assessment from the research, reduce design hidden dangers and ensure that the design scheme is safer and more reliable. (3) Effectively combine theory with practice, and test the theoretical knowledge and training content in practice. This needs to give designers more exercise opportunities, so that they can constantly combine practice, learn to solve problems, deal with problems and sum up experience, which will help to ensure the rigor and standardization of the design scheme, effectively reduce potential safety hazards and ensure that the design scheme is more reasonable and perfect [5].
2.5 Innovative bridge design
The design of bridges needs constant innovation, strengthening the research and development of new technologies, and actively exploring and using new materials and technologies to meet the needs of modern traffic development. In the process of bridge design, the design unit should strengthen the application of modern information technology and simulate and analyze the design scheme by computer, including predicting the feasibility of the design scheme and the practicability of subsequent use. Through computer and related software, some problems in the design scheme can be found, so as to further ensure the accuracy of the final data and scientifically evaluate the overall design scheme, which can also improve the accuracy of the design scheme, effectively reduce the engineering cost, reduce the work intensity of designers and improve the work efficiency and technical level.
3 Conclusion
Bridge design contains a lot of contents, which is a complex process and involves a wide range. It requires designers to have certain knowledge and experience, and at the same time, they can predict the possible safety hazards in the project. The safety of bridges depends largely on the quality and technical level of designers. Therefore, in practical work, we should strengthen the professional and technical training of designers, at the same time strengthen the comparison and evaluation of design schemes, and comprehensively improve the design level of highway and bridge projects in China.
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