Bentonite, also known as bentonite, swelling rock, etc. According to its transliteration, source and use, it is a clay rock with montmorillonite (also known as microcrystalline kaolinite and kaolinite) as the main component-montmorillonite clay rock, and often contains a small amount of illite, kaolinite, zeolite, feldspar and calcite. Montmorillonite is a hydrated aluminosilicate mineral containing a small amount of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
Due to the existence of interlayer water and exchangeable cations in montmorillonite, bentonite can be divided into three types: sodium bentonite (alkaline soil), calcium bentonite (alkaline soil) and natural bleaching soil (acid soil or acid activated clay) according to the types, contents and crystalline chemical properties of exchangeable cations contained in montmorillonite.