Influenced by Huizhou cultural tradition and beautiful geographical location, Huizhou ancient dwellings have formed a unique Huizhou architectural style. The harmonious combination of whitewashed tiles, horse-headed walls, brick and wood stone carvings, multi-storey courtyards, high-rise cornices, winding cloisters and pavilions constitutes the keynote of Huizhou architecture. Huizhou ancient dwellings are large in scale, reasonable in structure, coordinated in layout, fresh and elegant in style, especially the bricks, wood and stone carvings decorated on door covers, window lintels, beams and beams and window sashes, with exquisite craftsmanship, diverse forms and realistic shapes.
Known as the "Folk Forbidden City", the Tang Suzong banquet, Yuqiao farming and reading, and Chyi Chin calligraphy and painting in the front hall of Chengzhitang in Hongcun always amaze tourists. Huizhou folk houses pay attention to natural taste and landscape atmosphere, and the layout of houses pays attention to the coordination with the surrounding environment. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that there is no mountain, no water and no residence. Huizhou ancient dwellings are mostly located between green mountains and green waters, surrounded by mountains and waters, and complement each other with pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, towers, squares and other buildings, forming a beautiful realm of "small bridges and flowing water". Hongcun, yi county, is backed by the towering Leigang Mountain with ancient trees, facing the beautiful South Lake, and next to the Qianxi River with clear water and fresh fragrance. The whole village is designed in the shape of a cow, and the scenery is extremely beautiful, so it is called "the village in Chinese painting". Huizhou ancient dwellings are mostly brick-wood buildings with three rooms and four rooms, and there are several types in the plane, such as mouth, concave, H and Japanese.
There are many entrances on the two floors, and each entrance has a patio, which gives full play to the functions of ventilation, light transmission and drainage. Sitting indoors, people can bathe in the morning light and watch the starry sky at night. The "secondary refraction" through the patio is softer, giving people a sense of tranquility. Rainwater flows into the sewer through the water mound around the courtyard, commonly known as "four waters return to the hall", which means "rich water does not flow out of the field", which embodies the idea of Huizhou merchants gathering wealth. The upstairs of the residential building is extremely open, commonly known as "Happy Horse Building".
Around the courtyard, there are beautifully carved railings and a "beauty rest". Some large families, with the reproduction of their children and grandchildren, built houses one by one, forming a grand deep house with "36 patios and 72 sill windows", which seems to have the feeling of "how deep the yard is". The "Eight Lords" in Lu Guan, Yixian County consists of 20 houses of eight brothers, which are connected by courtyards. Huizhou folk houses are also very particular about interior decoration and furnishings.
The paintings in the main hall are hung in purlins, and couplets are hung on the pillars on both sides. "Good study, good business, and good grades are good; It is difficult to start a business, it is difficult to stay in business, and it is not difficult to know and do. " For hundreds of years, apart from kindness, the first good thing people have accumulated is reading, which reveals profound philosophy and reflects the idea that Huizhou merchants are good at Confucianism and respect learning. There is a table in the hall. There is a vase on the east side of the table, an ancient mirror on both sides and a clock in the middle, which means that Huizhou merchants will always be safe outside. Walking into Huizhou, people can see "the epitome of oriental culture" from many ancient houses. The famous ancient houses are Xidi, Hongcun, Tangmo, Nanping, Chengkan and Changxi.
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