one
After Xuzhou won the flood control in the early years of Yuanfeng, Su Shi built Taohuawu Town Water at the east gate of Pengcheng as a memorial, and Taohuawu became a scene in Xuzhou at that time. When he said goodbye to Xuzhou's good friend Zheng Yi (Zi Yanneng) and went to work in other places, he sang a poem with emotion: "Lou has gone, and the personnel are so good. Tired of traveling when he was young, Bai Shou wrote Return. The long whistle on the stairs keeps you safe! " [1] ("Complete Works of Su Dongpo Sending Cao") This beautiful farewell poem predicts the change of personnel in the vertical direction of time, saying that his friends will return to Xuzhou in the past, and he has already left the "land of heroes since ancient times". Later, in Chen Shidao's poem "Peach Blossom House", there was a saying, "I feel better about mountains and rivers, and I can't forget my parents' thoughts. Only a thousand years later, I should look at ancient times better than then. "Then I imagined the evolution of ancient and modern times and affirmed that Dongpo loved the beautiful mountains and rivers of Xuzhou and could not forget his parents' affection. It is expected that after a thousand years, people will come here and look back at the traces of the past, which will be far-reaching and better than that. The words of the former sages do have an intriguing historical rhythm and philosophy of life.
Su Shi knows that Xuzhou is in a hurry, but he is reluctant to part with Xuzhou. In the tenth year of Xining (1077), he was transferred from Mizhou to Xuzhou at the age of 42. He took office in April. In March of the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was reassigned to Huzhou. When I left Xuzhou, I wrote many poems to express my reluctance. For example, "Jiang Bie Xuzhou" says: "Return to the flood and go to Wuzhong. Looking back at Pengcheng, Qingsi and Huaitong. I want to send a thousand tears of acacia, but I can't flow, Chu Jiangdong. " "Broken Magnolia Pengmenliu" says: "Jade is tasteless, and tears are thousands of miles away. If you learn to forget your worries, you can't get rid of it. " It serves to show that he is reluctant to part with Pengcheng's friendship and scenery, and has deep feelings. As the king of a country, Su Shi is not above Shu Ren, but has forged a deep affection with the local rural elders, which is also reflected in the poems he wrote when he left Xuzhou. For example, "Stop Xuzhou and go to Nanjing, and immediately take a message":
If the government and the people don't help, the songs won't swallow. My life is like sending an ear. I'd rather be alone.
Parting is everywhere, and sorrow and trouble love knots. And I'm ungrateful. Whose responsibility is this?
These words attracted officials and people to climb the mountain to see them off, and reluctantly left the Song Dynasty. Dongpo refused to explain, saying that life is like sending, and there is no need to be sentimental at any time. However, the pain of parting is rooted in the depth of concern. So it's hard to separate today, because I have a close relationship with Xuzhou people on weekdays. In the second song, my father sent flowers to toast. Everyone praised Su Shi's political achievements in making decisions to fight floods, saying, "The year before last, there was no monarch, and both fish and turtles became children." Su Shi thanked me politely and humorously, saying that the flood was caused by my poor life: "The poor divide their bad lives and seek their own fortunes. It's not my fault that the water came, and it's not my fault that it went. " This means that the flood came from a secret and should not be attributed to personal merits and demerits. This shows that Su Shi's attitude is modest and gentle, and that Dongpo and Cheng Peng have forged a deep love.
two
In Xuzhou, Su Shi wrote many works that cared about people and attached importance to farming. For example, The Rise and Fall of Longxing wrote about the local drought. In the first year of Yuanfeng, the spring drought was serious. "There has been a long drought in the East, and the population was born in March." He listened to his father's introduction to the stone beach in the east of the city, which is connected with Surabaya. The old habit of asking for rain with a faucet is to write this poem asking for rain, which reflects the mood of worrying about drought and looking forward to rain. It happened that it rained heavily not long ago. To this end, he went to Shitan to thank the rain, inspected the local conditions and customs along the way, and wrote a group of Xie Yu Ci in Huanxisha, which was the earliest country Ci in the history of China Ci. It is unprecedented to describe farmers' life systematically with ci style. For the first time, Dongpo truly described a picture of rural life from the perspective of his own personal experience, which reflected the farmers' industrious farming activities and simple farm customs, including "Huang Tong", "Zuobai", "Luo Siniang", "Caisanggu" and selling melons. The observation of rural life is very delicate, and the bitterness of farmers is also quite deep. What is particularly commendable is that, as a feudal satrap, he did not regard himself as a superior bureaucrat, but frankly declared: "Your envoy was originally a middleman." This sense of self-reliance among the common people embodies the fine tradition of "harmony between people and things" in China culture.
When Su Shi took office in Xuzhou, the weather was not beautiful, and after the spring drought, the autumn waterlogged. At that time, the Yellow River levee in Caocun, Zhuozhou, Henan Province burst. In August, the raging flood hit the gate of Xuzhou. Su Shi organized the levee to fight floods and "stayed in the city and stayed at home", which turned Pengcheng into a safe place and won the victory in fighting floods. His poem "Nine Days in Peach Blossom House" describes the scene of that day:
Last year, it was impossible to say that Chongyang in Cheng Nan was at midnight. The city thundered and the mud flew and rained.
No one asked about Huanghua wine, and returned at dusk to wash boots and socks. I'm afraid there will be another year, so I sip the wine on my face.
This poem honestly reviews and describes the flood crisis and the relief after the flood victory, and shows the poet's precious feelings of being anxious about the people's urgency and enjoying the people's pleasure? . Guo's friends were deeply impressed by Dongpo's achievements in fighting floods in Xuzhou. He once said in the poem "Song of the Yellow House in Xuzhou to Su Zizhan": "The Yellow River is terrible to flow from the west, and the head of the city is ten feet flat in an instant. ..... The river has returned to its original course, and the bandits are all in our state. Explain that this move is related to the safety of the whole city.
The Carboniferous poems written by Su Shi in Xuzhou are also quite striking. The preface to the poem "There was no Carboniferous period in Pengcheng in the old days. In December of the first year of Yuanfeng, people were sent to visit the southwest of the state and the north of Baitu Town." This documentary poem first States the difficulties of urban residents in the cold winter: "Didn't you see that the snow broke the year before last and the residents in the city were blown apart by the wind?" Legacy, wet pay and half a hug? Knocking at the door at sunset has nowhere to change. " After writing people's exultation after discovering the success of coal mining:
Unexpectedly, there are treasures in the mountains, so aboveboard? Ten thousand cars are all charcoal. No one knows about the blood paste, and thousands of people inspire thousands of people to see it.
Finally, it is said that this mine is excellent in texture and rich in reserves. In the future, it will not be necessary to cut wood and burn charcoal, nor will it be necessary to make steel and burn coal. The whole poem reflects Su Shi's concern for the development of local resources and social production. In ancient times, there were many agricultural poems that paid attention to people's seclusion, but it was very rare in the history of ancient poetry to integrate the theme of developing mineral deposits into the poems. When Su Shi was a local official in Hangzhou, Miami, Xu and other places, it was the period when he was "determined to live in this world" and was full of vigor and vitality to save the world. Although "ten years of drought and flood, hunger spread all over nine places" ("Complete Works of Su Dongpo, He Yu, a colleague in the county"), he had different views from the reformists politically in the face of bad weather, but he still faced up to the reality. Who was the first person to help North Korea? "
three
Su Shi, who made friends in Xuzhou, also showed such admirable demeanor. He lives in the State Council, but he has made many poor literary friends. For example, he interacted with Zhang Tianji, a hermit in Yunlong Mountain, and wrote a crane pavilion for him, praising his elegant demeanor, persuading him to break through the snobbish vulgar world and create a noble and refreshing breeze. According to "Shao Hearing Record", someone once said: "Tian Ji on the mountain is an ignorant villager!" It's not worthwhile for Su Shi to write "Flying Crane Pavilion" specially for him. However, Su Shi was not so snobbish and looked down on the mountain people. On the contrary, he hates the vulgar world style of climbing high branches. At that time, there was a Chu Shi Wangfu in Qiantang, who was very skilled and helpful. "He is not interested in profit." He once built a pavilion outside Chaomen. Su Shi named it "Zhongde Pavilion" and sent it as a gift from Xuzhou. Praise in the poem said:
The small nursery is next to the battlements, and the closed door is full of fragrance. Fame is hidden with the people in the city, and virtue is good and wood is long.
I've lived countless lives, and I've known you for a long time. But I like guests. Hops are full.
Su Gongqin admired his master's kindness to others, noble medical ethics and unrequited conduct. Su Shi also made friends with Shu Huan, a poor teacher in Xuzhou, and visited his home. He wrote a poem "Professor Shu in the Rain", in which he recorded that his residence was cold and clean: "Outside the curtain, there was a bright rain among the bamboos. The window is quiet and dust-free, and a few inkstones are cold and foggy. " Praise him for wanting nothing, the light of interests, and being complacent about his fate: "Beauty enjoys solitude, which has advantages and disadvantages without envy." It has also been said that interacting with others and getting in touch with this kind of environmental atmosphere can purify the soul: "Guests come lightly and do everything, sweeping the crown and sweeping the shoes. Strong tea is faint and pure. " Kissing Taojing Festival makes me refreshed.
Su Shi pays tribute to his subordinates and younger generations from time to time, but also treats them honestly and has a heart-to-heart talk. For example, Gong Da was the son of Hu, a colleague of Su Shi's official Fengxiang, when Gong Da was still young. Now Su Shi knows that Xuzhou University of Technology is a prison guard in Xuzhou. Unfortunately, Hu died of illness. Gong Da resigned from Xu Ben's funeral, and Su Shi wrote a poem "Send Hu Yan" to bid farewell. In addition to lamenting that life is fleeting, the whole poem is also intended to encourage the other party to be calm and self-reliant, inherit a good family style, not seek fame and fortune, and attach importance to quality. There is a saying that "the past never forgets the importance of the future, and the danger of the future is conceited." He is honest and virtuous, but he is afraid of others knowing, which shows his desire for the younger generation. My friend Zhang Shu named his bookstore "Zhai Yi", and Su Shi wrote a poem "Zhang Chengsi Zhai Yi" for this purpose. The whole article is full of topics, enlightening me to learn from Xiu De's way, saying, "I have heard about the way of being a master, and I am not quick to seek profit. For example, travelers travel day and night. ..... For increasingly academic affairs, this statement should be self-contained. It is profitable for the loss of roads. " "For learning, the more damage is the Tao", Dongpo uses the language "Laozi" in the hope that the other party will make progress in learning and focus on accumulating strength for a long time; Self-cultivation and abstinence are the keys to contentment. The whole poem is emotional and sincere.
At that time, tengxian belonged to Xuzhou, and Su Shi visited tengxian West Garden, which was endowed with the poem "tengxian West Garden in the same year". While praising the beautiful scenery of the garden, the poems of the West Garden extend the theme, borrow things for meaning, advocate "Xiu De" and "emphasizing righteousness", regard morality and sublimity as the important pursuit of life, and tell people to look to the future. Poetry cloud:
People race elm willow, wait for ten acres of shade. I grow pine and cypress by myself, and I cherish this in my heart.
Did you see the ups and downs in the room? . Planting trees without planting virtues, gathering and scattering like birds.
When I am old, I don't know what my intentions are. Know a few people and forget a thousand daughters.
The west garden is open, and the rare wood comes to thousands of cen. Raising this frost and snow root, couples sing late.
The poet called on people to stick to the love of pine and cypress, establish moral interest, make friends with loyalty, and welcome late life with the love of husband and wife. Carefully planted, there will be an ideal harvest. This poem embodies the author's profound thoughts and lofty pursuits. Some good sentences can be used as the motto of life, just as the evening couplet said: "I write poems about Xiyuan, thinking that everyone in the village is good."
At that time, Su Shi was not only a state official, but also a literary leader. But he will never rest on his laurels and look down on others, but he will tirelessly reward the backward and talented people in Tao Jun. Ge said in Yun Zai: "Dongpo likes to reward the backward, and if he has a good word, he will praise it and make it known to the world." So many famous writers and artists were inspired by them and came from Sumen. Qin Guan, a representative writer of graceful words in Song Dynasty, met Su Shi in Xuzhou and became lifelong friends. Qin Guan is younger than Dongpo 12 years old. He "aims high, so he sees wonders in the big picture" [2] (biography of Song and Qin Guan), and he greatly admires Su Shi. Su Shi also studied too few works before his good friend Sun Jue (word Xin Lao). Su Shi's official position has changed repeatedly, and he is busy preparing for promotion, so the two have no chance to meet. It was not until the tenth autumn of Xining that Qin Guan took time off to visit Su Shi in Xuzhou and entered Beijing. The two hit it off. In Qin Guan's poem Biezizhan, there is "different tastes in life, only care about the wind." I don't want to go to Wan Huhou alone, but I want to know the sentence "Xuzhou, Jiangsu". He used Li Bai's famous sentence to make acquaintance with Su Shi as an elegant pursuit. Su Shi immediately wrote the poem "Qin Guan Zhi, Er Yun, Jian Li". Qin is very familiar with Sun Xinhe and invited them to Beijing. There is a cloud in the poem:
An old friend sat down to read your article and said that the ancients were unpredictable. The new poem tells everything, and the hard yellow small print is in Huangting.
After being wild in the Jianghu for a long time, it suddenly shocked people. Knowing that you are not afraid of new books, everything is worth it. In the poems, I appreciated the expressive force of Shao You's poems, the hard work of calligraphy, the pure charm of personality and the innovative spirit of literary talent, and gave the young man enthusiastic encouragement and ardent expectations for his future studies. The following year, in the first year of Yuanfeng, Qin Guan was admitted as a scholar, but unfortunately he failed in Sun Shan. Su Shi specially wrote "Three Poems from Qin Taixu sent by the teacher who participated in Er Yun" as a consolation. A cloud:
Qin Lang's style of writing is solid and detached, and Hanwu wants to become immortal through emptiness. What happened to Qiu Lai? Set a test and ask for it. Here, Sima Xiangru's poems are inspired by the story of Hanwu, praising the superiority of Shaoyou's poems, and pointing out that winning the first place is related to opportunities, so don't mind. Three quatrains express Dongpo's complex feelings of injustice, explanation and encouragement. Soon after, Su Shi received the Yellow Mansion Fu written by Qin Guan to commemorate the victory of flood fighting, and Su Shi immediately "wrote a poem to thank you" [1] (Complete Works of Su Dongpo, too empty to send a poem to thank you). The friendship and singing of Su Shi and Qin Guan in Xuzhou embodies Su Shi's excellent demeanor after careful cultivation, and is also a commendable story of Lin Wen in Xuzhou history.
Although Su Shi has only been in Xuzhou for two years, he has left unforgettable achievements, creating more than 150 poems and many famous articles. Looking at these works, people feel that there is a sincere spirit of learning between the lines. Cultural elites in Song Dynasty attached great importance to caring for the people and honing festivals. Fan Zhongyan and Ouyang Xiu advocated the former, while Dongpo inherited the previous style. As another generation of literati, he inherited this tradition and interpreted it to a new realm. Judging from the chanting in Xuzhou period, sincere local feelings, concern for people's livelihood seclusion and self-cultivation of elegant life are particularly touching. Dongpo moved to the state capital in the early days of his official career. It can be said that he passed one side and missed the other. Be an official and benefit the people; Make friends and cultivate one's morality, and advocate righteousness. These are naturally revealed in his works, which embodies the precious spirit of book history and is the highlight of China culture with a long history, which is worth remembering and carrying forward.
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