A whole set of evacuation system was formed in Qin and Han Dynasties. Especially in the Han Dynasty, the documents delivered were graded, and the documents of different grades should be delivered by special personnel and special horses in accordance with the prescribed order and time. Sending and receiving these documents must be registered and marked with time to show responsibility.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the cause of evacuation developed unprecedentedly. The official postal transport line in the Tang Dynasty centered on Chang 'an, the capital city, radiating in all directions and reaching the frontier, with a post station about 30 miles away. According to the Six Codes of the Great Tang Dynasty, at its peak, there were 1 639 post stations in China, with more than 20,000 people specializing in postal services, including 1.7 million post soldiers. The post is divided into three types: land post, water post and waterway merger. Each station is equipped with a station house, a post horse, a post donkey, a post boat and a post yard.
In the Tang Dynasty, there were also explicit provisions on the itinerary of the post station. Lu Yi's trotters walk six posts a day, that is, 180 Li, and then there are about 300 Aliri, and the fastest requirement is 500 Aliri. Pedestrians travel 50 miles a day; Sailing against the current, the river is forty miles, the river is fifty miles, and the other six miles; When it is good, specify 100 to 150 miles. The poet Cen Can wrote in the poem "A Judge on the Road to Longshan" that "after a post, the post rides like a Milky Way; Pingming sent Xianyang, the curtain and the top of the mountain. " Here, he compares the post horse to a meteor. On November 9th, 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rebelled in Fanyang. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was in Huaqing Palace, three thousand miles apart. Within six days, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty learned the news, and the speed of communication reached 500 miles per day. It can be seen that the organization and speed of postal communication in Tang Dynasty reached a high level.
In the Song Dynasty, all official documents and letters were called "delivery", and "express delivery shop" appeared. There is a bronze bell tied to the collar of the riding whistle in a hurry. Running on the road, ringing the bell during the day and lighting a fire at night, the person killed is not responsible. Shopping for horses, shopping for people, rain or shine, day and night. In the early years of Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, an anti-gold general, was forcibly recalled to Lin 'an from the front with 12 gold medals by Song Gaozong. This kind of gold medal is a gold plate sent by express delivery, indicating urgency.
age
The way of information transmission
evaluation price
remote ages
Word of mouth or with the help of instruments
Information transmission is slow and inaccurate.
ancient times
Long-distance travel by mail
The information transmission speed is slow and the information form is single.
Modern Times
A postal system that relies on transportation.
The information transmission speed is relatively fast, the distance is relatively slow and the cost is high.
Modern Times
Telegram, telephone
Fast speed and single information.
Modern:
Information management is a social activity in which human beings plan, organize, lead and control information resources with the help of modern information technology in order to effectively develop and utilize information resources. Simply put, information management is the management of information resources and information activities by people. For the above definition, we should pay attention to understand from the following aspects:
1. The object of information management is information resources and information activities.
(1) information resources
It is an information producer and an organism of information and information technology. The fundamental purpose of information management is to control the flow of information and realize the utility and value of information. However, information is not all resources. In order to make it a resource and realize its utility and value, we must rely on human wisdom and information technology. Therefore, "human" is the main body and main factor to control information resources and coordinate information activities, and the collection, storage, transmission, processing and utilization of information are inseparable from the support of information technology. Without the powerful function of information technology, it is impossible to realize effective information management. Because information activities are essentially for the production, transmission and utilization of information resources, and information resources are one of the objects and results of information activities. Information producer, information and information technology constitute an organic whole-information resources, which is the basic element of any information system and one of the research objects of information management.
(2) Information activities
It refers to the management activities and service activities of human society around the formation, transmission and utilization of information resources. The formation stage of information resources is a stage that aims at forming usable information resources and is characterized by activities such as information generation, recording, collection, transmission, storage and processing. The development and utilization stage of information resources is characterized by activities such as transmission, retrieval, analysis, selection, absorption, evaluation and utilization of information resources, so as to realize the value of information resources and achieve the purpose of information management. The research object of information management is incomplete by simply managing information resources and ignoring information activities closely related to information resources.
2. Information management is a management activity.
The basic functions of management activities "planning, organizing, leading and controlling" are still the basic functions of information management activities, but the basic functions of information management are more targeted.
3. Information management is an activity of social scale.
It reflects the universality and sociality of information management activities. It is a universal information acquisition, control and utilization activity, involving a wide range of social individuals, groups and countries.
Information product management (micro): information collection, collation and analysis, information product circulation.
Information system management (medium view): design, implementation and evaluation, security management, information resource allocation, etc.
Information industry management (macro): industrial structure and testing, information service industry mechanism and management mode, industrial policy and information legislation, social informatization.
Ancient times:
China is one of the first countries in the world to establish an organized information transmission system. As early as 3000 years ago, there were records of information transmission in Shang Dynasty.
Post-horse relay is an early organized mode of communication. The "Postman" sculpture is located in Jiayuguan Railway Station Square, based on the mural tomb of Wei and Jin Dynasties in Jiayuguan. With a simple document in his hand, the postman galloped at high speed on all fours. This brick mural was taken as the theme of a small stamp by the First Congress of the All-China Philatelic Federation 1982, which shows that Jiayuguan is one of the cradles of information culture in China.
A whole set of evacuation system was formed in Qin and Han Dynasties. Especially in the Han Dynasty, the documents delivered were graded, and the documents of different grades should be delivered by special personnel and special horses in accordance with the prescribed order and time. Sending and receiving these documents must be registered and marked with time to show responsibility.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the cause of evacuation developed unprecedentedly. The official postal transport line in the Tang Dynasty centered on Chang 'an, the capital city, radiating in all directions and reaching the frontier, with a post station about 30 miles away. According to the Six Codes of the Great Tang Dynasty, at its peak, there were 1 639 post stations in China, with more than 20,000 people specializing in postal services, including 1.7 million post soldiers. The post is divided into three types: land post, water post and waterway merger. Each station is equipped with a station house, a post horse, a post donkey, a post boat and a post yard.
In the Tang Dynasty, there were also explicit provisions on the itinerary of the post station. Lu Yi's trotters walk six posts a day, that is, 180 Li, and then there are about 300 Aliri, and the fastest requirement is 500 Aliri. Pedestrians travel 50 miles a day; Sailing against the current, the river is forty miles, the river is fifty miles, and the other six miles; When it is good, specify 100 to 150 miles. The poet Cen Can wrote in the poem "A Judge on the Road to Longshan" that "after a post, the post rides like a Milky Way; Pingming sent Xianyang, the curtain and the top of the mountain. " Here, he compares the post horse to a meteor. On November 9th, 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rebelled in Fanyang. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was in Huaqing Palace, three thousand miles apart. Within six days, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty learned the news, and the speed of communication reached 500 miles per day. It can be seen that the organization and speed of postal communication in Tang Dynasty reached a high level.
In the Song Dynasty, all official documents and letters were called "delivery", and "express delivery shop" appeared. There is a bronze bell tied to the collar of the riding whistle in a hurry. Running on the road, ringing the bell during the day and lighting a fire at night, the person killed is not responsible. Shopping for horses, shopping for people, rain or shine, day and night. In the early years of Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, an anti-gold general, was forcibly recalled to Lin 'an from the front with 12 gold medals by Song Gaozong. This kind of gold medal is a gold plate sent by express delivery, indicating urgency.