2. The meaning of "Yin" in ancient classical Chinese 1. preposition
1. The location and direction of the imported action behavior. It can be translated as "from" and "from".
Because I see stars in the well, I can't see many stars; From the perspective of the autumn merchants, we can see its beginning and its entry (The Light of the Dead).
2. Timing and conditions for taking action. It can be translated as "use", "use" and "follow", or it can still be used as "reason".
Ex.: So he knelt down and invited the King of Qin (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru).
3. Introduce the things or conditions where the action takes place, dependence and dependence. It can be translated as "dependence", "dependence", "dependence" and so on, and it can still be translated as "reason"
For example, Chu, for example, because the minister Shanxi merchants used thick coins, set up sophistry in the favorite (biographies of Qu Yuan)
4. The basis and premise of introducing action behavior. It can be translated as "basis", "basis" and so on, and it can still be used as "reason"
Example: suit measures to local conditions, suit the time (idiom)
5. Use people or things as a medium or means to achieve a certain purpose or implement a certain action. It can be translated as "pass", "by", etc., or it can still be used as "cause"
Example: When Lian Po heard this, his face was full of flesh and shame, and he apologized for the guests who came to Lin Xiangru Gate (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru).
6. Causes and reasons for the occurrence and appearance of import actions. It can be translated as "because" or "because", or it can still be "because".
For example, if you add kindness, you will be rewarded for thinking without joy; If you are punished, you will think that the punishment is not excessive because of anger ("Ten Thoughts on Emperor Taizong")
Second, conjunctions
1. The connecting clause indicates the inheritance relationship, and the two events are sequential in time or event, which can be translated as "therefore", "JIU" and "therefore".
Exodus: After entering Wuguan, Qin's ambush was never followed, because he always held the king in his arms in order to cut land (Biography of Qu Yuan).
2. The connecting clause is used in the first sentence of the causal complex sentence to indicate the reason. It can be translated as "because" or "because", or it can still be "because".
Example: Du Shiniang has always had the ambition of doing good because he saw that his wife's greed for money is meaningless (Du Shiniang's Box).
What does "pawnbroker" mean in ancient Chinese? Pawnshops are taxpayers as stipulated in the Provisional Regulations on Deed Tax.
Bonis are also called pawnbrokers. Units or individuals that undertake other people's goods or real estate, pay the standard price of the goods or real estate in one lump sum, and occupy the right to use and benefit from other people's goods or real estate. During the pawn period, the mortgagee not only enjoys the right to use the goods or houses, but also enjoys the right to transfer and lease them, and is responsible for the maintenance of the houses. After the password expires, the pawnshop shall return the password or all the houses, and redeem the goods or houses at the password price. When issuing property rights, the mortgagee is the payer of property tax.
The pawnbroker's rights: the pawnbroker's possession, use and income; Dispose of pawns according to law, that is, transfer pawns, transfer pawns, and lease pawns; When a pawnshop sells pawned goods, it has the preemptive right under the same conditions; Rebuilding or repairing monuments; If a pawnshop pays the benefit fee for the pawnbroker, it shall require the pawnbroker to repay it within the existing interest at the time of redemption.
The obligations of the pawnbroker: keeping the pawnbroker; Share the risks of the pawnbroker's total or partial losses due to force majeure during its existence; When the pawnshop redeems, it shall restore the original state of the pawnshop as much as possible and return it to the pawnshop.
4. What does the direction of ancient classical Chinese mean? < Name > 1。 (pictographic. From Mian, from his mouth. "Rice" means house. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is like a window-shaped house wall. Original meaning: the window facing north) 2. The original meaning is the same [window facing north]. The direction of life. The dome suffocated the mice and stuffed them into the residents. -"Poetry, Wind and July" 3. Generally speaking, [windows] are closed and plugged, so as not to let the wind leak. -"Qi Yao Min Shu" blows to the township (direction). -"Orientation [direction] indicates the direction of interests. -"On Mandarin and Zhou Yu" flies eastward. -Wei Ming Xi "Wei Shuzi's Paper Money and Iron Biography" 5. Another example: wind direction; Reversal; Where to go; Mountain direction; Forward (still in the future) 6. Past, past [past; I don't forgive you now, but I forgive you now. -"Zhuangzi Landscape" is not subject to death. -"Mencius Gao Zishang" can give you guidance when it is first presented. In the past, when they put up signs, they could cross the water according to the signs. Guide, guide, cross the river. )-Lu Chunqiu, Cha Jin. -Tao Jin Yuanming's Peach Blossom Spring helped me on my way. If I haven't done this job before, let's discuss Liu Tang Zongyuan's The Snake Catcher. -Song Sima Guang's "Zi Tongzhi Jian" Xiangnian (previous years) 8. Forever, forever [forever; I have always appreciated Mongolia's kindness. -Romance of the Three Kingdoms 9. Another example: Xiang Liao (always thought); Meng Xiang (always polite) 10. [Just now] People who saw Nian * * * all walked along the waterside path. -Kim's History There is a bakery by the road. -"Historical Records Biography of Hua Tuo" is different from Japan. -West Chamber 16544. Shi Xiang (past); It's always 12. Surname, such as: Xiang Ping (a senior scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, reclusive, not an official, his son is wandering around after his marriage, and he doesn't know where to go. Later, "Xiangping" became the code name for his children to marry a perfect man. Face, face. Relative to "back" [warm (basking in the sun); Begging for mercy (a beggar who keeps warm by the fire). For example, he is a snob. Trend, closeness [reverence] Why go to Korea? -"Historical Records and Biography of Ban Chao" in summer. -The Book of Toast 4. Another example: orientation (submission and enlightenment); Admire (admire) 5. Love; Preference; Preference [preference; In fact, you are facing me! -"Yuan Qu Xuan, Wuhan Chen Laosheng's Drama III" 6. Another example: Shun Shun (bias; Favoritism) 7. Go [go] and grind an axe by the stream. -The Water Margin 8. Another example: Xiang Yu (staying in the past) 1. Toward [to; Towards the sun (tomorrow; The next day); Long term (future); Open (external); Above); Orientation (orientation, orientation) 2. From; Behind the imperial screen, a minister appeared. If[ if], such as: direction (if); If (if); ChristianRandPhillips (if not) Help 1. After using words like "struggle", "how", "struggle" and "how", how can we strengthen our tone and there will be fewer good things in the world. -"Faqu II" 1. [Houxiang is called the administrative district, facing [Mianzhi] Jun, and you can enjoy the banquet. -Yi Sui forbids the Six Gods from indulging in mud clothes. -"Chu Ci Xi Yong". Note: "Yes". -"Book of Rites Quli". Note: "Noodles also." Pei Gong sits in the north. Trend [straight direction; Trend] general plan. -Xunzi Zhong Ni army moved to Wanluo. --"The Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang" went straight from Xiangyang to Luoyang. -Tang Du Fu's "The Yellow River Banks Recovered by the Imperial Army" rebuked the cattle and led them north. -Tang Bai Juyi's "Selling Charcoal Weng" has moved to Jingzhou. -Purple Tongzhi Sword 3. Another example. Near Dongpo, spring is near dusk. How is the tree today? -"Dongpo Two Flowers" 5. Another example: Xiangzhong (referring to the near noon, metaphorically speaking, the heyday); Xiangzao (early morning) 1. In the old days, before [before; In the past; ], soon passed. From that day on, this country sounded. -from storytelling to battle March. -"Spring and Autumn Annals" Zhu Cong said that the past is also the time. ————— Guiyuan Zhu Cong let my son humiliate me. -Erie Shi Xiang Li Jian 2. Another example is: Xiangri; Where is heroism? 3. [Deputy]: clear, indicating [clear; It's far from now, so it's not boring. -Zhuangzi colchicine.
5. How did the ancients learn classical Chinese was nothing more than learning from teachers or self-learning. Let's talk about the reading situation of the ancients first. It was not easy for the ancients to read. Generally, children from wealthy families are eligible and have the money to attend private schools. Those poor children who are willing to suffer hardships go to teachers, or work for officials, governments or rich families and then change books or borrow books to copy. If they learn from their teachers, teachers in private schools usually teach four books and five classics. So first, we will learn to read words and sentences. Reading sentences is to break sentences and punctuate articles. Then, we will continue reading, and then we will recite. After this accumulation reaches a certain stage, we will explain the meaning word by word, with the help of predecessors' explanations, such as "Guan pheasant dove, a bird, Guan birdsong." Therefore, speaking an article generally tells its profound meaning. For example, when Chen, a teacher, picks up the Book of Songs, she will talk about "the virtue of empresses" and "thinking innocently". As for self-study, first of all, words are off, sentences are read and recited. In ancient times, many people knew famous works by heart, so-called quoting classics. Later, I will write poems in classical Chinese. Therefore, it is not easy to master various types of writing. In addition, use classical Chinese. In practical communication and social life, for example, when princes met in the Spring and Autumn Period, they had to recite the Book of Songs. Friends and relatives have impromptu poems. In addition, there are couplets and birthday speeches. In short, when we can use them, we can explain our thoughts and opinions and express our personal feelings, write our own collections and then spread them to future generations, such as Historical Records.
6. The meaning of "zi" in ancient classical Chinese is the meaning of "zi" in ancient classical Chinese, one is the body and coat, and the other is red.
Kangxi Dictionary regards the word "you" as an incorrect word, that is, a word whose font changes during copying and writing. Incorrect characters are a special variant. So it's actually "you", which means "you" In ancient classical Chinese, "you" has two different meanings in different contexts:
(1) Body and coat. Shuowen pointed out that "clothes and bodies are also". "Funeral" said, "This is also called. People who talk about clothes should be clear about their figure, especially pointing out that "clothes are two feet and two inches" is really a short coat.
② It is red. In Xunzi Guo Fu, "Therefore, the emperor wears clothes, the vassal wears clothes, the doctor wears clothes, and the scholar wears clothes." It is red inside. The meaning of this passage is "the emperor wears a red robe with dragons painted on it, the princes wear a robe with red in the black, the doctors in the Qing Dynasty wear robes when they make pilgrimage or sacrifice, and the taxis next to the doctors wear leather clothes". Different costumes reflect the different rank sequences of emperors, princes, ministers and literati, and reflect the characteristics of the enfeoffment system.
In addition, Shuowen also pointed out the significance of "being". In addition to the meaning of clothes and body, it also puts forward that "hello, you are beautiful", that is, "you" also has the meaning of beauty. However, there is no further explanation of the beautiful meaning of "you" in ancient Chinese.