As an aesthetic concept, real aesthetics first appeared in the field of film performance, which means that films have the characteristics of focusing on direct realistic themes, emphasizing lens paragraphs and advocating non-performance. Architectural design is a dynamic reflection of social life in the designer's mind, and every building is the embodiment of the architect's subjective design concept. From the perspective of real aesthetics, a building should also have real ethics. When facing the external form of this building, we can understand the history and function of the building according to our understanding, that is beauty; We can see the characteristics of the building itself, the culture behind the building and the originality of the building. This is beauty. 1 The True Beauty Reflected by an Old Industrial Building There is an old industrial building in Hengdaohezi Town in the south of Harbin-Hengdaohezi and Middle East Railway Garage. The typical characteristics of the old industrial buildings in Northeast China under the rule of Russia in the 20th century: the structural form adopts the more advanced continuous arch at that time, which is different in all directions and presents a unique sense of rhythm, without the long rigid image common in single-storey factories. The red brick on the exterior wall is in sharp contrast with the large glass window, and the color is eye-catching; In order to meet the needs of the structure, the parapet on each arch is designed with small protrusions and four layers of legs, which adds layering to the red brick wall and makes the shape more expressive. The full name of this building is the Middle East Railway Cross-river Garage, which was built in the early 20th century, when modern architectural styles were completely prevalent in the world. Judging from the concept of modern architecture, this typical industrial building is successful. It is not only reasonable in function, novel in structure, economical and efficient, but also brings us a strong visual impact in external form, which is the perfect combination of function and form. 2 Two Aesthetic Views on the External Form of Industrial Buildings In China, people have always been accustomed to divide buildings into two parts: civil buildings and industrial buildings, and even design institutes are divided into two categories: industrial design institutes and civil architecture design institutes. In these industrial design institutes, technical specialties are often dominant, while architects are subordinate. In addition, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mr. Zhang's post-natal life construction policy makes technical conditions the only function of industrial buildings, which makes industrial buildings basically have no aesthetic characteristics in external modeling, and their images are monotonous and monotonous. Some people put forward the concept of purity of industrial buildings, thinking that as long as industrial buildings pay attention to practicality and economy, factories are just shelters for workers and machines, industrial buildings are pure beauty, and industrial buildings do not need decoration. Therefore, color steel plate, bent structure and straight skylight have become synonymous with industrial buildings. Although it is convenient and quick to build an industrial building in this way, as a building, the personality disappears, the window that reflects the corporate image no longer exists, and the corporate culture will gradually fade. Another view, on the contrary, is that industrial buildings should be civilian, and the boundary between industrial buildings and civil buildings should be diluted, emphasizing the uniqueness of industrial buildings and civil buildings: meeting people's requirements for space and making the images of industrial buildings and civil buildings closer and closer. There is some truth in this statement, but if we blindly regard industrial buildings as civil buildings and design them as ordinary public buildings, we will blindly confuse industrial buildings with civil buildings, resulting in complex industrial buildings and too fluid space, which is not conducive to industrial production. What's more, in order to improve the symbolism of industrial buildings, the industrial buildings are luxuriously decorated, with marble floors, high-grade tiles on the external walls, and small bridges and pavilions in the factory. This practice of putting the cart before the horse often fails to achieve good results. Chen Zhihua believes that modern architecture is rooted in modern industry, which is a fact. In fact, industrial architecture should reflect the characteristics of the times, and industrial architecture should be the main force leading the architectural trend of thought. This is because industrial buildings are always closely linked with new technologies, new materials and new structures, which requires the adoption of new design techniques in the design of industrial buildings to shape the new image of industrial buildings. Modern society is a society with rapid development of information industry and information industry, which makes great changes in architectural aesthetics. People pay more attention to the expression of the spirit of the times and architectural significance, and the architectural art is more popular and life-oriented, which also provides a good opportunity for industrial architecture creation, enriches the creative space of industrial architecture, and enables people to examine the quality of industrial architecture creation from different perspectives. From the perspective of real aesthetics, we think it is necessary for the external form of industrial buildings to reflect reality. This real aesthetic feature should be the beauty of atmosphere, strength and order, reflecting the beauty of new technology, new materials and new structure. This requires designers to make routine analysis of industrial buildings, rationally use design techniques, and show the true beauty of industrial buildings through the true shaping of volume sense, the true embodiment of functionalization and mechanization, and the true application of industrial materials. Beijing Huashang Industrial Park is located in a science and technology development zone in Daxing District, the southern suburb of Beijing. It is designed by Weispin Architectural Design Consulting Co., Ltd., and the whole factory building is enclosed into a square courtyard. The workshop itself is a group of reinforced concrete buildings with simple metal facade. The exquisiteness of steel members and facades reflects the high quality of R&D and production work of various companies in the building, and the large bay window presents a pleasant sense of transparency. If Gramshaw's Vitera furniture company's workshop expresses technology and exquisiteness, it emphasizes the sense of power of industrial buildings; Then this building creates a quiet and tasteful atmosphere through exquisite details and unified materials, and embodies the culture of high-tech enterprises with its quiet and humble beauty. There is also a small building worth seeing in northern Germany, which is the ernestine Warehouse designed by Santiago Calatrava. This is also a box building. The architect used the standard industrial material-unprocessed aluminum alloy on the facade. He made different shapes on this material, which produced completely different texture and light and shadow effects. From a distance, the wavy south facade composed of vertical lines looks like a huge sculpture in the sun, which is in contrast with the north facade that emphasizes horizontal lines, bringing strong expressive force to the original simple building and embodying the skillful skills in the use of materials. The above-mentioned buildings all show the unique aesthetic characteristics of industrial buildings from different angles. Their designers adopted different design techniques: the contrast between steel plate and white frame glass is clear and pure, the red brick wall is quiet and natural, and aluminum alloy has strong photosensitive effect; It should be said that they represent the different styles of industrial architecture in the world today and guide the development direction of contemporary industrial architecture. Looking back, didn't the crane garage at the middle east railway crossing mentioned at the beginning also reflect the style of industrial architecture at that time with its unique rhythm and meticulous details? Although the ages are different, they all have the same aesthetic characteristics as excellent industrial buildings: strong visual impact reflects the sense of strength of the building; Advocating functional and mechanized clear and pure expression; The ingenious use of materials makes the building whole and atmospheric, highlighting the dignity of industrial buildings. The most basic aesthetic characteristics of the external form of industrial buildings can be called the true beauty of industrial buildings. This true beauty is not pure, nor is it just simple, economical and practical; True beauty is not popular, and true beauty opposes the set facade and false expression; True beauty is not the blind pursuit of lightness, thinness and transparency. He abandoned the practice of randomly setting up architectural images and external materials without architectural functions. The real beauty should be the overall atmosphere brought by the large space, the rigor of detailed structure and the identifiability of industrial buildings, which do not necessarily come from regional characteristics and national characteristics, but from the production characteristics of industrial buildings themselves, because industrial buildings always have their own unique advantages in materials, processes and structures. Conclusion In recent years, China's industrial architecture design has shown a thriving scene. Industrial buildings are more and more humanized, ecological, high-tech and urbanized, but in any case, it is essential to evaluate the quality of an industrial building and whether it has a beautiful external form. From the perspective of true aesthetics, taking the true and beautiful modeling as an important aesthetic standard of the external form of industrial buildings not only provides new ideas for the evaluation of industrial buildings, but also makes industrial architects pay more attention to materials, structures and details, rationally analyze and carefully scrutinize the external form, and truly turn industrial building design into an engineering art.
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