Hu Kui 1, 2
(1. National Committee for Philosophy of Geological Sciences. Consulting and Research Center of Ministry of Land and Resources)
Based on the author's personal experience and profound feelings, this paper summarizes the 10 on-site prospecting method, and discusses the experience of learning and applying the on-site prospecting theory in geological prospecting practice.
Keywords: experience of in-situ prospecting method
Philosophy is a science that studies the world outlook and methodology, and all human behaviors are consciously or unconsciously dominated by philosophical thoughts. Prospecting philosophy is a science to study the law of geological prospecting and a sharp theoretical weapon to implement the strategic action of prospecting breakthrough. A few days ago, the leader of the Ministry of Land and Resources pointed out that it has been 30 years since Comrade Zhu Xun published "On Prospecting" in Geological News on May 7, 1982, which still has important practical guiding significance for our work today. Why did the prospecting theory last for decades? Because it is a scientific law summed up from a lot of practical experience; Because it objectively reveals that the deposit was formed under certain geological conditions and has the essential characteristics of analogical agglomeration; Because it subjectively conforms to the dialectical materialism epistemology of practice-cognition-re-practice-re-cognition; Because from the perspective of technical and economic evaluation, it foresees that with the progress of science and technology, the field of useful minerals will expand, so it has the character of keeping pace with the times. As summarized in Comrade Zhu Xun's article, "it is reasonable in geology, rational in philosophy and beneficial in economy", so it can be invincible.
Combined with several examples of my own personal experience and profound feelings, the author talks about the experience of learning and applying the field prospecting theory in geological prospecting practice.
1. The Zhuxi copper mine project has achieved significant prospecting results.
20 1 1 year1month Media reports: The geological prospecting fund project "Investigation and Evaluation of Copper Polymetallic Deposits around Zhuxi, Fuliang County, Jiangxi Province" undertaken by 9 12 Brigade of Jiangxi Geological Exploration Bureau, followed by 20 10 years. After the thick scheelite with an average grade of 0. 156%, the newly constructed zk4208 hole hit a single ore body at a depth of1085 ~1325m, with an apparent thickness of 226.5m. The highest grade of WO3 single sample was 7.734% and the average grade was 0.49/kl.
Such exciting news aroused the author's great interest, because this is the mining area where I worked in my youth. Before the Cultural Revolution, I was the technical director of the Northeast Jiangxi Brigade 103 Team. In June 1968+065438+ 10 to May 1969 was assigned as a driller, and was transferred to 105 team two months after resuming geological and technical work, and was promoted to 1973 team in April. The main work scope of team 105 at that time was called Hong (Menkou)-Fu (Chun) metallogenic belt, which was a copper polymetallic prospect area about 50km long and10km wide in the northeast. The discovered mining area was 1 1, and the total amount of lead, copper and zinc in the proven moon-shaped mining area was 3377. Zhuxi mining area barely reached the medium-sized scale stipulated at that time; The prospect of copper, molybdenum and tungsten in Taqian mining area is promising, but the recovery degree is low. The overall situation is "see the stars but not the moon". In that year, 105 team was equipped with 23 geological technicians and started 3-4 drilling rigs with an annual footage of 8,000 meters. Two drilling rigs were drilled in the main mining area of the team site, and 3-4 peripheral survey teams searched for backup bases and started the 1-2 drilling rig. Zhuxi Mining Area was discovered by 705 Geophysical Exploration Team through soil geochemical anomalies. 105 Team drilled holes in 1968, and the team headquarters was stationed in 1972. During the eight years from 1975, the drilling workload was about 25,000m, the copper reserve was 50,000 tons, and the grade was 1.38%. 7,000 tons of zinc with a grade of 0.33%. The main ore body is controlled by the unconformity surface at the bottom of Carboniferous Huanglong Formation, and the No.5 secondary ore body is located in the upper interlayer. The alteration of surrounding rocks is mainly diopside and dolomitization, and it is considered that the genetic type belongs to the metasomatic deposit filled with medium-temperature hydrothermal fluid.
Looking up the work notes of that year, when discussing the scheme of 1975 at the end of 1974, Zhu was arranged to shrink and dismount. The technical reason is that after years of work, there is no major breakthrough. Although the ore body strike is not closed, the ore body changes greatly, belonging to 3 ~ 4 categories (classified by 5 grades at that time), and there is no effective means to predict the rich parts, and the exploration depth is generally less than 500 meters. From the academic trend of thought, the task of copper reserves was very tense at that time, and the metallogenic theory of porphyry copper deposits and blasting rock pipes was particularly valued. However, Zhuxi just had no decent small rock mass, only some dikes, which were not as good as Taqian and Yangzijian in this area, so the focus of work had to be shifted. The brigade leader said that Zhuxi is a strategic shift and can be transferred back in the future. This turn is 35 years. Jiangxi provincial bureau is even more bold, and organized the Dexing copper mine conference war with overall strength. In April, 1975, No.9 and I were transferred to fight. In the second half of the year, Zhuxi Mining Area submitted an evaluation report, and 105 team site moved to the front of the tower. Soon after, it was incorporated into the 9 16 brigade and organized into four teams.
From 20 10 to 20 12, the major breakthrough in Zhuxi mining area is the result of on-site prospecting. Entering the depth below 1000 meters depends on the wisdom and courage of scientific and technical personnel to re-understand the geological laws, the confidence of the country's prosperity and strong economic strength, the decisive courage of leadership decision-making, and the ambition to catch up with the world level with the progress of exploration and mining technology. The 9 12 team won the project spirit through the competition, and the geological work still had some luck. Congratulations!
Second, several prospecting methods
There are many on-site prospecting methods, and any prospecting activity that conforms to the objective geological law and geological work law of the deposit can be successful. There are 10 ways to illustrate them.
(1) Looking for deep ore in shallow part.
Zhu Xi belongs to this way. Yongping copper-tungsten mine also drilled the main ore body below 1,000 meters.
Jiaojia gold ore field in Jiaodong, Shandong Province is located in the middle section of Longkou-Laizhou fault zone. The ore-controlling fault is large in scale and extends stably to the deep, which has the premise of deep mineralization. In the "deep blind search" operation, Shandong Geological Team No.6 found 5 1.83 tons of gold in front of the temple in 2006, and launched the Jiaojia deep gold mine battle in 2008, and found gold 105. 17 tons in one fell swoop, and the resources of a single ore body exceeded 90 tons. The deep and shallow ore in Sizhuang-Jiaojia section of Jiaojia gold field is actually the same deposit, with an area of less than 20 square kilometers and an estimated total resource of over 700 tons. It is the largest world-class gold mine in China. The difficulty of "drilling deep to find blindness" lies in breaking through the non-mining areas and decisively crossing the weak mineralization areas to construct deep holes, which requires not only theoretical innovation to explore the metallogenic law, but also courage and perseverance in strategic decision-making, and more courage to win without arrogance and rashness.
(2) Looking for the peripheral mines of this mine.
It has always been a tried and tested method to carry out peripheral prospecting. Especially for sedimentary deposits and stratabound deposits, tracing along the strike will often achieve good prospecting results. This is also of great significance for prospecting in the periphery of endogenetic deposits. Taking Dexing metallogenic area as an example, there are super-large deposits (ore fields) such as Dexing porphyry copper mine, Jinshan gold mine and Yinshan lead-zinc-silver copper mine within about 370 square kilometers. High metal ore abundance is rare in the world, which attracts various scholars to establish various metallogenic theories, but the main prospecting method is continuous peripheral prospecting. At the beginning of the founding of New China, 409 teams were set up to explore Yinshan lead-zinc mine, and 409 teams sent census teams to explore copper mines in the periphery of the copper factory, and 420 teams were set up. Fujiawu and Zhusha red copper deposits were discovered in the periphery of the copper factory, forming Dexing porphyry copper field. During the campaign of Dexing Copper Mine 1975 to 1979, Jiangxi Geological Bureau was in charge of Copper Factory and Cinnabar, and Metallurgical Geological Bureau was in charge of Fujiawu. After the battle, there are only four teams left in this area: Northeast Jiangxi 102 and 104, and Metallurgical System. 102 team continued the detailed investigation of cinnabar, from medium to large, and carried out the general survey and evaluation of Hujiajian silver-gold mine in the periphery. 104 team carried out regional survey and mineral survey of Dexing porphyry copper mine in the periphery of1:50,000. However, Metallurgy No.4 Team searched for gold in the periphery of Fujiawu and found Jinshan Gold Mine.
Jinshan gold mine was originally a time-dependent gold mine mined by the ancients, and it was considered as an old mountain cave. The fourth team found the altered fracture zone (mylonite) gold deposit on its lower black phyllite, and made the first breakthrough. At that time, the controlled reserves were still below 10 ton. 1978165438+1October, I switched from 102 to 104. 1983, 104 team discovered a 20-square-kilometer ring structure in Jinshan, in which there are two heavy sand and geochemical anomalies, one of which is consistent with the No.4 team Jinshan mining area, and the other is a stone tablet anomaly, which is better in area and strength than Jinshan anomaly. We rushed to the scene and found that the fourth team had dug the trench. At that time, there was no registration system for exploration rights. 104 Team and Team 4 are competitive partnerships, and the gentleman's agreement is that digging ditches is not drilling. It could have been drilled to rob the base, but the Jiangxi Provincial Bureau did not agree because of brotherhood, so it missed the Jinshan Gold Mine. Later, after years of work, the fourth team made three breakthroughs, and the total reserves of the ore field were above 170 tons. 104 team found a small gold mine around. Looking for gold in the periphery of Dexing porphyry copper mine is half a beat slower than team 4, mainly because of the different working methods. 104 team's method is more formal regional adjustment and mineral adjustment, and regular grid sampling, while team 4 takes route geochemical sampling along the service road and digs ditches near high-value points, thus taking the lead.
(three) to find other types of mines for this type of mines.
Dahutang Mining Area, Wuning County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. From March of 20 10 to September of 2010/0, 9 16 Brigade of Jiangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources and Northwest Jiangxi Brigade discovered10.06 million tons of tungsten in a short period of 18 months, which is the largest tungsten mine in the world. The great breakthrough of Dahutang is the result of prospecting, and it is the result of years of practice, understanding, re-practice and re-understanding by several generations of geologists since 1958. From a technical point of view, the key is the breakthrough of prospecting ideas. By using new prospecting theory and model, the geological conditions of mineralization are deeply explored, and the search for single wolframite time-pulse tungsten ore is changed to porphyry scheelite (copper ore).
(four) to find another kind of mine for this kind of mine.
Chaoyang Phosphate Mine, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province. 1965 103 team received an urgent instruction from the brigade and formed a survey team to go to Chaoyang area to verify aeromagnetic anomalies and look for Meishan iron mine. In the process of verifying the magnetic anomaly, Chaoyang census group questioned the age of a set of Jurassic clastic rocks in the south of the work area and confirmed that they belonged to Sinian system, which had the premise of finding phosphate rocks. By means of profile survey, geological mapping, trench drilling and sampling and testing, phosphate rock was discovered and evaluated. By May 1966, the reserves were controlled at 36 million tons. It was handed over to the 104 team on the eve of the Cultural Revolution. 1975 The Northeast Jiangxi Brigade organized an exploration campaign, with proven reserves of1000000 tons, which is the largest phosphate rock in East China, but the iron ore has not yet formed a climate.
Copper and gold in Zijinshan, Fujian. 1990 labor day, I accompanied the leaders of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources to investigate in Zijinshan. At that time, the copper mine had reached a large scale, which was considered to be a hydrothermal deposit related to volcanic-subvolcanic rocks. However, too deep open-pit mining would affect its economic benefits. The geological brigade in western Fujian adhered to the working principle of copper and gold at the same time, and finally conquered the gold mine in the upper oxidation zone, which enhanced the economic value of the lower copper mine. By 200 1, 650,000 tons of copper and 57 tons of gold have been proved, which is a super-large deposit and won the first prize of national scientific and technological progress and the first prize of prospecting by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources. Today, the cut-off grade of gold has dropped to 0.2g/ ton, and the gold resources have reached 325 tons.
Looking for other minerals for this kind of mines is the concrete embodiment of the policy of comprehensive exploration, comprehensive evaluation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, which has infinite power. Such as coal and uranium exploration, copper and uranium exploration, bauxite exploration under coal, etc., many comprehensive prospecting results belong to this way.
(5) Looking for rich ore from poor ore.
Looking for rich ore in Anshan-type iron ore. One is the contact metasomatism type iron-rich ore formed by the metasomatism of regional migmatization hot liquid, and the other is the self-organized transformation type iron-rich ore produced in the syncline composite fold syncline axis.
(6) Small rich mines look for large poor mines.
Hebei, Liaoning and other places have delineated the development of large-scale ultra-poor iron ore around Damiao type vanadium-titanium magnetite and Anshan type iron ore. Large-scale low-grade veinlet disseminated gold deposits have been discovered around small-scale time-dependent vein gold deposits, and their cut-off grade has been declining. Xiaoxinancha Copper-Gold Mine in Hunchun Gold Mine, Jilin Province, relied on technical progress, and the cut-off grade of gold was adjusted from 0.6 g/ton to 0.4 g/ton, and the ore body became larger, saving the enterprise.
(7) Looking for off-balance-sheet mines.
Revitalizing off-balance-sheet mines and "liberating" some complex, refractory and low-grade mines is one of the important ways for mine prospecting. Taking Ningxiang-type iron ore as an example, Ningxiang-type oolitic hematite distributed in Hunan, Hubei and other places has proven reserves of 3.7 billion kinds, with medium iron grade, high phosphorus content, complex structure, difficult beneficiation and mostly dull. 199 1 year, when the State Reserve Committee checked the iron ore reserves, all of them were listed as off-balance-sheet mines, and the prospecting work of the same type was stagnant. After decades of unremitting efforts, mineral processing research institutions and iron and steel enterprises finally made a breakthrough at 20 1 1. Chengdu Institute of Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources has formed gravity separation and desliming process after many process explorations, which can obtain iron concentrate with grade of 57%, phosphorus content less than 0.3%, recovery rate of 80% and low beneficiation cost. With the gradual maturity of this process, 3.7 billion tons of off-balance-sheet ore in Ningxiang Iron Mine is expected to be revitalized into on-balance-sheet ore, and the growth resources of similar deposits will be above10 billion tons, which provides a broad space for geological prospecting.
(eight) the exploration right to develop and utilize mineral raw materials.
Black talc deposit in Guangfeng, Jiangxi. 198 1 March, when I summarized the monthly geological report in the Northeast Jiangxi Brigade, I noticed that there was a layer of pseudo-oolitic clay rock in the middle of Dengying Formation above the Sinian phosphorite, which was produced in a large lenticular shape and had a phase change relationship with oolitic siliceous rocks. The results of chemical analysis show that the clay rock with high Mg and low al is called high Mg clay rock, which is projected on the Negri diagram, suggesting that it is talc. Talc is widely used, but it is called black talc because of its black color. Fortunately, the black substance is organic carbon, which is easy to burn, and then it is flawless white. It was sent to Jingdezhen Ceramic Research Institute for testing and made into talc porcelain vases. The firing temperature is lower than that of traditional aluminum porcelain, which has energy-saving effect. However, Jingdezhen refused to change the traditional craft. After the National Conference on Nonmetallic Minerals in August of the same year, Jiangxi Provincial Bureau vigorously promoted nonmetallic exploration. 1982 The Northeast Jiangxi Brigade arranged10/team to conduct the preliminary exploration of black talc in the west beach of Guangfeng, which was drilled in July, and 1984 turned to detailed investigation. In March of the same year, it was transferred to the Geology and Mineral Resources Department of the Provincial Bureau and submitted by Xitan 1986. Later, the brothers of the building materials nuclear industry system explored in Pingtang and Qiancun on the periphery, and put industrial use development in an important position. The prospect of building ceramics is promising, and the accumulated proven resource reserves are about 80 million tons. The mining scale of local enterprises is from small to large, from selling raw ore to selling roasted ore powder. From 2009 to 20 12, Jiangxi Geological Exploration Fund arranged to investigate and evaluate the black talc mine in Yangcun, Guangfeng. It is planned to drill 7927 meters with a budget of 9 million yuan, and it is estimated that 50 million tons of new resources will be added.
2065438+February 2002, China Building Materials Magazine, China Nonmetallic Mining Association and other units interviewed Guangfeng black talc in Beijing. Experts attending the meeting pointed out that after calcination, the whiteness of Guangfeng black talc is as high as 88% ~ 95%, and its chemical composition is stable. It is an excellent master batch to replace kaolin to make high-grade daily-use ceramics, building ceramics, craft ceramics and industrial ceramics, and the price is only 40% of kaolin. The high white porcelain, bone porcelain, thick embryo porcelain and thin embryo porcelain fired from Guangfeng black talc are superior to ordinary bone porcelain in all indexes and fully meet the requirements of international standards. Its technological performance is irreplaceable by other black talc. Moreover, it has good insulation, heat resistance, adsorption, lubrication and other properties, and can be applied to many fields such as papermaking, plastics, paints, coatings, medicines, cosmetics, aerospace, machinery, electronics, computers, architectural decoration and so on, with great economic value. Relevant enterprises, associations and universities are planning to build Guangfeng Black Talc Industrial Park, build China Black Talc Capital, and vigorously explore the international market, so that black Talc enterprises can reach the scale of annual sales of 654.38+0 billion yuan and tax payment of 654.38+0 billion yuan.
(9) Looking for concealed ore as outcrop ore.
The difference between this method and the first method (shallow prospecting for deep ore) is that the target ore and the known ore are discontinuous. This method is very common in Hanxing Iron Mine in Hebei Province. There is also an example of deep prospecting in Daye Iron Mine, Hubei Province.
(10) prospecting criteria
Due to the continuous evolution between ore and non-ore, prospecting criteria are also listed as a prospecting method. The most commonly used methods in the past, such as the verification of geophysical and geochemical anomalies and the inspection of ore occurrences and mineralization points, are still very important at present.
The above methods can be used alternately and superimposed.
Third, the application experience of field prospecting theory and matters needing attention.
To achieve success or even a major breakthrough in prospecting, we need the strong support from five aspects: correct scientific support, advanced technical support, adequate financial support, adaptive institutional support and strong prospecting willpower support.
(A) the correct scientific support
Correct scientific support refers to the prospecting concept that conforms to the geological law and the geological work law. Thinking needs scientific theoretical guidance, where to look, what means to use, what geological elements to pursue, what steps to take and technical route. This theory is an applied theory, a tactical theory and a theory promoted from practical experience. It should be obtained from the analogy between the geological laws of known deposits, the geological conditions of prospecting targets and the metallogenic laws of other regions. In order to ensure correct theoretical guidance, we must have a solid foundation of geological data, and basic work such as field geological observation and necessary sample testing is particularly important. At present, the weak field basic geological work needs to be reversed.
The spread and application of a new theory, such as porphyry deposit theory, stratabound deposit theory, volcanic metallogenic theory, metallogenic series theory, Carlin-type gold deposit theory, comprehensive information mineral prediction theory, continental margin accretion-continental collision metallogenic theory, etc., have always played a huge leading role in science and technology, so the study and application of the new theory is particularly important. At the same time, we can't ignore the traditional theories, such as horizon control, anticline saddle, fault crossing, knee fracture, distorted interface, multi-stage activity and so on, which will play a role in actual combat for a long time. The important problems to be solved in the macro aspect of ore prospecting are the distribution law of ore deposits and the layout of exploration work, while the practical problems in the micro aspect are the mineralization enrichment law, ore storage structure and the layout of exploration projects. The basic knowledge of geological engineering specialty should be systematic and scientific.
Following the law of geological work, the exploration stage is the most important. From the perspective of epistemology, each stage is a ladder from practice to cognition; From the perspective of technical economics, each stage is a step-by-step process from technical evaluation to economic evaluation, which is the general principle of geological economy to achieve "maximum results with minimum investment" and the guarantee that the prospecting goal is suitable for contemporary technical and economic conditions. Each stage has its own tasks and characteristics. Although each project is different, the merger can be shortened but not crossed in order to abide by the law of exploration stage. Following the gradual law of engineering layout from shallow to deep, from sparse to dense, from known to unknown, from easy to difficult is conducive to faster and better province. Being good at grasping the main contradiction and breaking through a technical key may open up a new situation. Adhere to the combination of point and surface, adhere to the collective wisdom (the combination of young and old, the combination of Industry-University-Research and external combination), persist in innovation, dare to doubt and deny the views of predecessors and their own past views, and constantly improve the prospecting ideas and working methods.
(2) Advanced technical support
The achievements in prospecting are closely related to technological progress. The progress of mining technology has opened up the second prospecting space and laid a technical and economic foundation for deep prospecting. The progress of mineral processing technology has reduced the cut-off grade, expanded the scope of ore bodies, upgraded off-balance-sheet minerals to on-balance-sheet minerals, upgraded non-mineral rocks to deposits, and opened up new varieties of non-metallic minerals. The progress of mining, dressing and smelting technology promotes the comprehensive utilization of associated minerals and the comprehensive evaluation and development of adjacent minerals. Due to the improvement of metallurgical technology and the soaring international gold price, the cut-off grade of gold deposits has dropped again and again, coupled with the breakthrough of trace gold assay technology and the progress of prospecting technology, the reserves of gold resources in China have increased greatly in recent years.
In the progress of exploration technology, deep hole core drilling technology is particularly prominent. 198 1, Jiangxi provincial bureau laid a 1500m diamond rope coring test hole in vermilion. After careful organization, it was considered a great success. Nowadays, 2000-meter-deep core drilling is a common practice, which strongly supports deep prospecting. The application of 3G technology and the progress of rock and mineral testing technology have effectively improved the efficiency and accuracy of geological work.
Some technical weaknesses need to be strengthened: the basic skills of field observation are lacking, the application of rock and mineral microscope identification technology has obviously regressed, the progress of deep object detection technology in non-magnetic metal mines is not obvious, and the construction of Guangshan project lacks innovative means and is full of difficulties.
(3) Sufficient financial support
Prospecting is a high-investment and high-risk undertaking, and it is unthinkable without sufficient financial support. In the era of planned economy, geological prospecting funds were supplied by the state, and prospecting achievements were remarkable. During the system transition in the 1990s, the international geological and mineral market was weak, and the funds for geological prospecting were extremely tight, which not only resulted in few prospecting achievements, but also caused a new talent gap. Since 2003, the mining situation has become warmer, the geological prospecting funds are unprecedentedly abundant, and the prospecting results are endless.
At present, the funds for prospecting mainly come from the central government, local governments and social capital. As the main body of prospecting, geological prospecting units lack independent funds, and the procedures for obtaining and using funds are complicated. The research characteristics of geological prospecting and the creation value of knowledge products are not considered in the cost quota, which forces professional geologists to undertake multiple projects at the same time, resulting in a serious shortage of first-line geologists, rough field geological observation and dependence on engineering construction. The new low tide of local mines is coming, and the self-development ability of prospecting subjects is worrying.
Appropriate institutional support
The system and mechanism of geological prospecting must be subordinate to the whole national economic system and mechanism and actively adapt to it. Since the reform and opening up, we have been exploring the establishment and improvement of a new geological exploration system and mechanism that adapts to the conditions of the socialist market economy. In the strategic action of prospecting breakthrough, the new geological prospecting mechanism of "public welfare first, capital connection, business follow-up, comprehensive exploration and rapid breakthrough" has played a great role. The word "Qian 12" has solved the problem of capital and risk sharing that has plagued geological exploration for a long time, and China geological exploration is not bad. Resource integration and exploration gave birth to breakthrough results, as Dahutang summarized: resource integration laid the foundation, market mechanism gave birth to strong alliance, large input and large output, and won the world-class tungsten mine in1August.
Relatively speaking, the exploration of the new geological prospecting system is slow, the main problem lies in the field of commercial geological work, and the localization reform has not touched the essence of the system. The main activity mode of geological prospecting subject is work, and the desire of "explorer has the right" has not been realized, lacking development potential. The integration of exploration and mining should not be widely implemented, otherwise the overall strength of geological exploration will be weakened. Take the enterprise road with a career hat and encounter audit obstacles. These problems are expected to be solved in the classification reform of public institutions.
(5) Strong prospecting willpower.
Geological exploration is extremely exploratory, with great risks and low success rate, even for prospecting. The process of prospecting is like a blind man touching an elephant. It always rises to a rational understanding of the overall situation through many local perceptual knowledge. The deployment of prospecting often requires incomplete decision-making and a firm but gentle attitude, and failure and frustration are inevitable. The prospecting process, like a detective solving a case, can't let go of any meaningful clues, which requires painstaking and in-depth field observation and indoor research. Sometimes the discovery of an important clue will open a clear sky, and sometimes an oversight will take many detours. Sometimes the joy of success lies in the last persistence.
In a word, prospecting needs strong will, courage to practice, bold investment and perseverance. We should not only have solid professional knowledge, but also have a materialist dialectical way of thinking. More importantly, it is necessary to have the spirit of geologists represented by "three honors" (proud of dedication to geological undertakings, proud of hard work and proud of making contributions in prospecting) and "four specialties" (especially those who can endure hardships, fight and contribute), and to have the sense of mission that contemporary geologists dare to shoulder the lofty responsibility of rejuvenating China.
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