Qian Xuesen 19 1 1 was born in Shanghai and his ancestral home was Lin 'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang. 1entered the middle school attached to Beijing Normal University in September, 923.
1929 was admitted to the railway engineering department of Shanghai Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Ministry of Railways, 1934 graduated from national chiao tung university (now Shanghai Jiaotong University and Xi Jiaotong University). In June, he was admitted to the 7th Geng Prize in Tsinghua University to study in the United States.
1935 entered the aviation department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in September, and 1936 obtained a master's degree in aviation engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and then transferred to the aviation department of California Institute of Technology to study, becoming a student of Theodore von Kármán, a world-famous great scientist, and soon became the most important student of von Carmen.
He received a master's degree in aviation engineering and a doctorate in aviation mathematics. From July 1938 to August 1955, Qian Xuesen worked in the fields of aerodynamics, solid mechanics, rockets and missiles in the United States, and completed the research project of high-speed aerodynamics with his tutor, and established the "Carmen-Qian Xuesen" formula. At the age of 28, he became a world-renowned aerodynamic expert.
1939, Ph.D. in aviation and mathematics from California Institute of Technology. 65438-0943 Assistant Professor of California Institute of Technology. 1945, Associate Professor, California Institute of Technology. 1947, professor at MIT.
1947, she married Jiang Ying in Shanghai. 1949, Director and Professor of Jet Propulsion Center of California Institute of Technology. 1953, Qian Xuesen formally put forward the concept of physical mechanics, and advocated that the macroscopic mechanical properties of matter should be determined from microscopic laws, which opened up a new field of high temperature and high pressure. 1954 published the English version of Engineering Cybernetics, and the Russian version, German version and Chinese version were published in 1956, 1957 and 1958 respectively. 65438-0958, Director of the Department of Modern Mechanics, China University of Science and Technology.
When the news of People's Republic of China (PRC)'s birth reached the United States in 1949, Qian Xuesen and his wife Jiang Ying discussed returning to the motherland to serve their country as soon as possible. At this time, the United States, led by McCarthy, conducted a comprehensive investigation on the producers of * * *, and set off a craze in the United States to drive employees to be loyal to the US government. Qian Xuesen's certificate to participate in confidential research was suddenly revoked by the US military department because he was suspected of being a producer of * * * and refused to expose his friends. Qian Xuesen was very angry and asked to return to China on this ground.
1950, when Qian Xuesen went to the port to prepare for returning home, he was stopped by American officials and put into prison. At that time, dani Dan A. Kimball, the deputy secretary of the US Navy, claimed that Qian Xuesen was worth five divisions wherever he went. [8] From then on, Qian Xuesen was persecuted by the American government and lost his precious freedom. He lost about 30 pounds in a month. Immigration raided his home and detained him in Temina Island for 65,438+04 days. He was not released until he received a huge bail of $65,438+$5,000 from California Institute of Technology. Later, the customs confiscated his luggage, including 800 kilograms of books and notebooks. He didn't prove his innocence until the American prosecutor reviewed all his materials again.
In the early 1950s, the news that Qian Xuesen was persecuted in the United States quickly spread to China, and friends in China's scientific and technological circles supported Qian Xuesen through various channels. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is extremely concerned about Qian Xuesen's situation in the United States, and the China government publicly issued a statement condemning the US government for imprisoning Qian Xuesen against his will.
1954 By chance, he saw Chen Shutong standing at the gate of Tiananmen Square as the vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in the newspaper, so he decided to write to his father's good friend for help. Just as Premier Zhou Enlai was anxious about this, Chen Shutong, then vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), received a letter from the other side of the ocean. He opened it and signed it "Qian Xuesen", originally asking the motherland government to help him return to China.
1954 in April, the United States, Britain, China, the Soviet Union and France held an international conference in Geneva to discuss the settlement of the Korean issue and restore peace in zhina. Zhou Enlai, head of the China delegation attending the meeting, thought that a group of overseas students and scientists in China were detained in the United States, so he instructed that since the Americans asked British diplomats to dredge relations with us, we should seize this opportunity and open up new channels of contact.
On June 5, 2004, Wang Bingnan, Secretary-General of the China delegation, held preliminary talks with US representative and Deputy Secretary of State Johnson on the national issues of the two countries. The United States submitted to China a list of overseas Chinese and some American soldiers detained by China, asking China to give them a chance to return home. In order to show China's sincerity, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan to make generous concessions in the third Sino-US talks held in June 1954, and also demanded that the United States stop detaining Qian Xuesen and other China students studying in the United States.
However, China's just request was unreasonably rejected by the United States. 1954 on July 2 1 day, the Geneva conference closed. In order not to interrupt communication channels, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan to agree to hold consular talks in Geneva from July 22nd. 1954. To further demonstrate China's sincerity in the Sino-US negotiations, China released four detained American pilots.
China's concession was ultimately aimed at getting Qian Xuesen and other scientists studying in the United States to return to China as soon as possible. But on this key issue, US Congressman Johnson still refuses to let go of the real reason why China sent Qian Xuesen back to China.
From 65438 to 0955, after continuous efforts of Premier Zhou Enlai's diplomatic negotiations with the United States-even including the release of 1 1 American pilots captured in the Korean War, Qian Xuesen received a notice from the US Immigration Bureau allowing him to return to China on August 4, 1955. 1September 1955 17, Qian Xuesen's wish to return to China finally came true. On this day, Qian Xuesen, his wife Jiang Ying and a pair of young children boarded the ship "President Cleveland" and embarked on the journey of returning to the motherland. 1 955 65438+1October1In the early morning, Qian Xuesen's family finally returned to the haunted motherland and hometown.
After returning home, Zhou Enlai gave Qian Xuesen cordial and meticulous care in all aspects. In his later years, Qian Xuesen also excitedly recalled a past event: On the eve of the launch of China's first artificial satellite "Dongfanghong" in 1970, Premier Zhou Enlai called a meeting of relevant researchers in the Great Hall of the People. When he left, Premier Zhou Enlai specifically stopped Qian Xuesen: Qian Xuesen, don't be too tired. Qian Xuesen often told people before his death that two people had the greatest influence and help in his life, one was the founding Prime Minister Zhou Enlai and the other was his father-in-law Jiang Baili.
At the beginning of 1956, he submitted the Opinions on Establishing China's National Defense Aviation Industry to the Central Committee and the State Council; In the same year, according to his suggestion, the State Council and the Central Military Commission established the Aviation Industry Committee, the leading body of missile and aviation research, and appointed him as a member.
From 65438 to 0956, he participated in the first five-year science plan of China. Qian Xuesen, together with Qian Weichang and Qian Sanqiang, was called the "San Qian" of China science and technology by Zhou Enlai. Qian Xuesen was appointed to set up the first rocket and missile research institute in China, the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, and served as the first president.
1956, director and researcher of Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. I worked in the Institute of Mechanics until about 1972. At the second plenary session of the Second National Committee of CPPCC, he was elected as a member of the Second National Committee of CPPCC.
1957, China theoretical and applied mechanics Institution was established at the initiative of Qian Xuesen, who was unanimously elected as the first director. On February 8, 2008, Premier Zhou Enlai signed an order appointing Qian Xuesen as the first president of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense. 1 16 10 16, Premier Zhou Enlai appointed Qian Xuesen as the president of the first branch of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense. In the same year, Engineering Cybernetics written by Qian Xuesen won the first prize of Natural Science Award of China Academy of Sciences and was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1In June, 957, the Preparatory Committee of China Automation Society was established in Beijing, with Qian Xuesen as the chairman. In September of the same year, the inaugural meeting of the International Federation of Automatic Control elected Qian Xuesen as the executive director of the first IFAC Council.
1958, in order to train talents for the two bombs and one satellite project, China University of Science and Technology was established at the request of Qian Xuesen, who was the head of the Department of Modern Mechanics of China University of Science and Technology and became one of the founders of China University of Science and Technology. Introduced by Du Runsheng and Yang Gangyi, he joined the China Producers' Party.
1959 was elected as the deputy to the Second National People's Congress. And was elected as the third, fourth and fifth NPC deputies.
1959 September19, Qian Xuesen made a special trip from Beijing to Xi Jiaotong University, which had moved from Shanghai to Xi, to visit the campus and visit teachers and students.
1960 served as the vice president of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense and no longer served as the president of the first branch of the Institute. Since then, Qian Xuesen's main position has been deputy, from the vice president of the Fifth Research Institute to the vice minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry, and then to the vice director of the Science, Technology and Industry Committee for National Defense, specializing in major technical issues in the development of national defense science and technology in China.
1960165438+10/5 Under the personal guidance of Marshal Nie, the test committee with General Zhang Aiping as the director and Qian Xuesen and Wang Chen as the deputy directors successfully organized the flight test of China's first short-range missile at Jiuquan launch site.
196 1 was elected as the chairman of the first Council of China Automation Society. 1962 "Lecture Notes on Physical Mechanics" was published. 1963, Introduction to Interstellar Navigation was published. 65438-0965 Deputy Minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry (Missile Industry).
1966101On October 27th, Qian Xuesen assisted Marshal Nie and directly conducted the "two-bomb combination" flight test of an atomic bomb carrying a medium-and short-range missile at Jiuquan launch site, which was a complete success. 1968, concurrently president of the Fifth Research Institute of China People's Liberation Army (now China Academy of Space Technology).
1969 was elected as the representative of the 9th National Congress of China * * * Production Party and alternate member of the 9th Central Committee. He was elected as the deputy to the 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th National Congress and the alternate member of the 10th, 11th and 12th Central Committee.
From 65438 to 0970, he served as deputy director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and no longer served as president of the Fifth Research Institute of China People's Liberation Army.
1979 was awarded the Outstanding Alumni Award by California Institute of Technology in the year when China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations. But Qian Xuesen did not go to the United States to accept this honor.
1980 was elected as the vice chairman of the first National Committee of China Association for Science and Technology; 1986 was elected as the chairman of the Third National Committee of China Association for Science and Technology.
65438-0982 Deputy Director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense. Elected honorary president of China theoretical and applied mechanics Institution. He used to be the president of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense and the first branch of the Institute (now China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology). Published "On System Engineering", 1988 published "On System Engineering" (revised edition).
1984 was elected as the executive chairman of the Presidium of China Academy of Sciences at the fifth member (academician) meeting of China Academy of Sciences. 1992 was hired as honorary chairman of the Presidium of the Faculty of China Academy of Sciences at the 6th Faculty (Academician) Conference of China Academy of Sciences.
From 65438 to 0985, Qian Xuesen won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress with his contribution to China's strategic missile technology as the first winner, as well as Tu Shoukai, Yao, Hao Fujian, Liang, Zhuang Fenggan,.