The concept of credit information service
The provisions of Chapter V of these Regulations shall apply to the collection, collation, preservation, processing and provision of information in the basic database of financial credit information established by the state.
These Regulations do not apply to the collection, collation, preservation, processing and publication of enterprise and personal information by state organs and organizations authorized by laws and regulations to manage public affairs in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and the provisions of the State Council.
Basic knowledge of credit information business
In essence, credit investigation belongs to credit information service. In practice, professional institutions collect, investigate, store, sort out and provide credit information of enterprises and individuals according to law, and evaluate their credit status, so as to meet the credit information needs of institutions engaged in credit activities in credit transactions and solve the information asymmetry problem in the lending market.
Credit information system refers to the system composed of laws and regulations, organizations, market management, cultural construction, publicity and education related to credit information activities. The main function of the credit information system is to serve the lending market, but at the same time it has strong expansibility and also serves the commodity trading market and the labor market.
A credit reporting agency refers to a legally established institution specializing in credit reporting, that is, credit information services. It can be an independent legal person or a professional department of an independent legal person, including credit registration agencies, credit companies, credit scoring companies, credit rating companies, etc.
Credit investigation is also called credit information service business, including credit record, credit investigation, credit score, credit report and credit rating.
Credit record, also known as credit inquiry, refers to the business that credit reporting agencies use database technology to collect and summarize the loan and repayment history records of enterprises and individuals and provide inquiry services.
Credit investigation, also known as credit consultation, refers to the activities of credit investigation institutions to understand and evaluate the credit status of the respondents through information inquiry, interviews and field visits according to law.
Credit scoring is to quantitatively evaluate the credit status of small and medium-sized enterprises and individuals according to their repayment records and other information by means of mathematical statistics.
Credit rating, also known as credit evaluation and credit evaluation, refers to the evaluation of the future repayment ability of corporate entities and corporate debts by credit reporting agencies through quantitative and qualitative analysis and simple and intuitive symbols.
Credit management is divided into monetary credit management and commercial credit management. It refers to the decision-making on credit sales and other related activities, including credit granting, loan management and enterprise account collection, on the basis of fully grasping the credit information of enterprises and individuals. The credit information needed for credit management is divided into internal information and external information. Internal information refers to the first-hand information obtained by credit institutions themselves, while external information refers to the information obtained from professional credit information service institutions.
Credit reporting institutions refer to institutions that collect borrowers' credit information to form a database through a combination of batch initialization and regular updating. The core data is the historical information of the borrower's borrowing and repayment. General credit reporting agencies only objectively reflect the borrower's credit record or credit status with original data or through mathematical statistics, and do not make further analysis and judgment on the borrower. The credit registration agency run by the government is called the public credit bureau; Those run by non-governmental organizations are called private credit institutions. The main difference between public and private credit reporting agencies is that providing information to the former is mandatory, while the latter is voluntary.
Data Type Any information that helps to judge the credit risk of borrowers should be the data range collected by credit reporting agencies. Generally speaking, the borrower information collected by credit reporting agencies mainly includes the following four categories: First, identity information, mainly including enterprise name, organization code, registered capital, business scope, business address, personal name, ID number, date of birth, address and employment unit. The second is the information of debt status and credit behavior characteristics, that is, the borrower's current debt status and repayment history information. Third, it is the information to judge the borrower's future profitability and repayment ability. Fourth, special information, such as the court's civil judgment information.
Value-added credit services provide customers with credit reports, which is the basic business of credit reporting agencies. In addition, credit reporting agencies also provide services to customers, including customized data, credit scoring, credit rating, financial services business solutions, marketing services, anti-fraud services and business account collection.
Social credit system refers to a series of arrangements made to promote the credit commitment of all social parties, including institutional arrangements, credit information recording, collection and disclosure mechanisms, institutions and market arrangements for collecting and publishing credit information, supervision systems, publicity and education arrangements and other aspects or small systems. Its ultimate goal is to form a good social credit environment.