Take standardization construction as a breakthrough, guide the development of vocational education, improve the vocational education system, and provide institutional guarantee and talent support for serving modern manufacturing industry, modern service industry, modern agricultural development and vocational education modernization.
Establish and improve school standards such as school setting, teaching staff, textbook construction, information construction and safety facilities, lead the development of vocational education services, and promote employment and entrepreneurship. Implement the fundamental task of cultivating moral integrity, improve the education mechanism of combining work with study, improve the evaluation mechanism, and standardize the whole process of talent training.
Deepen the integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation, education and training, improve the diversified school-running pattern, promote enterprises to deeply participate in collaborative education, and support and encourage enterprises and social forces to participate in various vocational education. Promote the construction of qualification framework and explore the interconnection of academic certificates and vocational skill level certificates. ?
(2) Improve the development level of secondary vocational education. ? Optimize the educational structure, take the development of secondary vocational education as an important basis for popularizing high school education and building a vocational education system with China characteristics, keep the job-to-general ratio of high school education roughly equal, and enable the vast majority of urban and rural new laborers to receive high school education. Improve the basic conditions for running secondary vocational schools.
Strengthen overall planning at the provincial level, build and operate a number of county vocational education centers, and focus on supporting the construction of at least 1 secondary vocational schools that meet the needs of local economic and social development and technical and technical personnel training in contiguous poverty-stricken areas.
Guide all localities to optimize the layout structure of secondary vocational schools, scientifically allocate and enlarge and strengthen vocational education resources. We will increase policy and financial support for vocational education in ethnic minority areas, poverty-stricken areas and disabled people, implement the action plan for vocational education cooperation between the east and the west, and run secondary vocational classes for ethnic minorities in the mainland. Improve the enrollment mechanism, establish a unified enrollment platform for secondary vocational schools and ordinary high schools, and accurately serve the needs of regional development.
Actively recruit junior high school graduates, retired soldiers, retired athletes, laid-off workers, returning migrant workers, etc. Receive secondary vocational education; Serve the rural revitalization strategy and cultivate rural practical talents with new professional farmers as the main body for the vast rural areas.
Give play to the role of secondary vocational schools and help some students with learning difficulties to complete compulsory education in vocational schools and accept some vocational skills. ? Encourage secondary vocational schools to carry out labor and vocational enlightenment education in combination with primary and secondary schools, and incorporate hands-on practice content into relevant courses in primary and secondary schools and students' comprehensive quality evaluation.
(3) Promote the high-quality development of higher vocational education. ? Take the development of higher vocational education as an important way to optimize the structure of higher education, train craftsmen and skilled craftsmen in big countries, and let more new urban and rural laborers receive higher education.
Higher vocational colleges should cultivate high-quality technical and technical talents to serve regional development, pay attention to technological research and development and product upgrading of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, and strengthen community education and lifelong learning services. Establish a "vocational college entrance examination" system, improve the enrollment method of "cultural quality+vocational skills" examination, improve the quality of students, and provide students with diversified enrollment methods and learning methods for higher vocational education.
In the fields of preschool education, nursing, old-age care, health service and modern service industry. Expand the enrollment scale of junior high school graduates and implement the through training of secondary and higher vocational education.
Start the implementation of high-level vocational colleges and specialty construction plans with China characteristics, and build a number of world-class vocational colleges and key majors (groups) with China characteristics that lead the reform and support the development. According to the regulations of colleges and universities, qualified technician colleges will be included in the sequence of higher education.
(4) Improve the training system of high-level applied talents. ? Improve the modern vocational education system that pays equal attention to academic education and training, and smooth the growth channels of technical and technical talents. We will develop a professional degree postgraduate training mode that is oriented by professional needs, focuses on the cultivation of practical ability, and takes the combination of Industry-University-Research and employment as the way to strengthen the training of professional degree postgraduates.
Promote the transformation of qualified ordinary undergraduate colleges and universities to application-oriented, and encourage qualified ordinary colleges and universities to offer applied technology majors or courses. Try out vocational education at the undergraduate level. Formulate admission policies for winners of China Skills Competition, National Vocational College Skills Competition and World Skills Competition, and explore long-term educational system to cultivate high-end technical and skilled personnel.
Serve the development of integration of defense and civilian technologies, incorporate military-related vocational education into the national vocational education system, do a good job in the education and training of active servicemen, support them to obtain various vocational skill level certificates during their service, and improve their technical skills.
We will implement the policy of training non-commissioned officers directly, promote the effective docking between local colleges and military academies, promote the opening of high-quality vocational education resources to the training of military talents, and establish a sharing mechanism for military and local online education resources.
Formulate specific policies and measures to support qualified retired soldiers to enter vocational colleges and ordinary undergraduate colleges to receive education and training, encourage and support the formation of retired military education and training groups (alliances), promote the organic connection of retirement, training and employment, and make contributions to promoting the employment and entrepreneurship of retired soldiers, especially retired soldiers. ?
(5) Improve the relevant standards of education and teaching. ? Give full play to the basic role of standards in improving the quality of vocational education. According to the requirements of specialty setting and industry demand, curriculum content and professional standards, teaching process and production process, we should improve the setting standards of secondary and higher vocational schools and standardize the setting of vocational colleges.
Implement the professional standards of teachers and principals, and improve the teaching management and teaching practice ability of vocational colleges. Constantly update and promote the professional catalogue, professional teaching standards, curriculum standards, on-the-job practice standards, and training conditions construction standards (instrument and equipment specifications) and implement them in vocational colleges.
Consolidate and develop the working pattern of the State Council education administrative departments jointly formulating national teaching standards, and vocational colleges independently formulating talent training programs according to the standards.
(six) to start the pilot work of 1+X certificate system. ? Deepen the reform of the training mode of compound technical and technical talents, learn from the common practices of international vocational education and training, formulate work plans and specific management measures, and start the pilot work of 1+X certificate system.
The pilot work should further play the role of academic credentials, lay a solid foundation for students' sustainable development, and encourage vocational college students to actively obtain a variety of vocational skill level certificates while obtaining academic credentials, expand employment and entrepreneurial skills, and alleviate structural employment contradictions.
(seven) to carry out high-quality vocational training. ? Implement the statutory duty of vocational colleges to carry out both academic education and training, and carry out vocational training for students and all members of society in accordance with the requirements of combining education with training, combining length and combining inside and outside.
Since 20 19, vocational colleges have been promoted to vigorously carry out vocational training in about 10 technical and technical talents shortage areas around modern agriculture, advanced manufacturing, modern service industry and strategic emerging industries.
Guide industry enterprises to deeply participate in the training of technical and technical talents, promote vocational colleges to strengthen professional construction, deepen curriculum reform, enhance training content, improve teachers' level and comprehensively improve the quality of education and teaching.
(eight) to realize the identification, accumulation and transformation of learning achievements. ? Accelerate the construction of the national vocational education "credit bank". Starting from 20 19, we will explore the establishment of personal learning account for vocational education, so as to realize traceability, inquiry and conversion of learning results.
We will carry out the identification, accumulation and transformation of learning achievements embodied in academic certificates and vocational skill level certificates in an orderly manner, and broaden the channels for the sustainable growth of technical and skilled personnel.
(nine) adhere to the unity of knowledge and practice, work and study. ? Learn from the "dual system" and other modes, sum up the pilot experience of modern apprenticeship and new enterprise apprenticeship, jointly study and formulate talent training programs between schools and enterprises, incorporate new technologies, new processes and new norms into teaching standards and teaching contents in time, and strengthen students' internship and training.
Improve the regular evaluation mechanism of specialty setting, and strengthen the local responsibility to guide the local vocational colleges to optimize the specialty setting. In principle, the professional catalogue of vocational colleges is revised every five years 1 time, and the school flexibly sets majors according to the catalogue, and adjusts majors 1 time every year.
(ten) to promote comprehensive and in-depth cooperation between schools and enterprises. ? Vocational colleges should actively cooperate with qualified enterprises in talent training, scientific and technological innovation, employment and entrepreneurship, social services, cultural heritage and other aspects according to their own characteristics and talent training needs.
Schools actively provide enterprises with required courses, teachers and other resources. Enterprises should fulfill their obligations of implementing vocational education according to law, and take advantage of capital, technology, knowledge, facilities, equipment and management to participate in school-enterprise cooperation and promote the development of human resources.
(eleven) the construction of a number of high-level training bases. ? Strengthen policy guidance, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties to deepen the reform and innovation of vocational education, and drive governments at all levels, enterprises and vocational colleges to build a number of high-level vocational education training bases that share resources, integrate practical teaching, social training, real production of enterprises and social technical services.
Facing the shortage of skilled talents such as advanced manufacturing industry, we should co-ordinate various resources, build a number of high-level professional training bases with radiation leading role, promote the opening up of * * *, and radiate schools and enterprises in the region; Encourage vocational colleges or schools and enterprises to build a number of on-campus training bases to improve the level of key professional construction and school-enterprise cooperation in educating people.
(12) Take measures to build a "double-qualified" teaching team. ? From 20 19, teachers of relevant majors in vocational colleges and applied undergraduate colleges are openly recruited in principle from those who have more than 3 years of working experience in enterprises and have higher vocational education or above.
Special high-skilled talents (including senior professional qualifications and above) can relax their academic requirements appropriately, and will basically not be recruited from fresh graduates from 2020.
(thirteen) to promote enterprises and social forces to hold quality vocational education. ? Government departments at all levels should deepen the reform of "simplifying administration and decentralizing power, strengthening supervision and improving service", speed up the transformation of functions, and change from "running vocational education well" to "management and service". The government is mainly responsible for planning strategies, formulating policies and supervising according to law.
Give full play to the important role of enterprises in running schools and encourage qualified enterprises, especially large enterprises, to hold high-quality vocational education. People's governments at all levels can give appropriate support according to regulations. Improve the enterprise management and technical personnel, school leaders and key teachers to pay part-time wages to each other. In 2020, 300 demonstration vocational education groups (alliances) will be initially established to promote the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Support and standardize social forces to set up vocational education and training, and encourage the development of joint-stock and mixed-ownership vocational colleges and various vocational training institutions. Establish an open, transparent and standardized access and approval system for private vocational education, explore the negative list system for private vocational education, and establish and improve the exit mechanism. ?
(fourteen) do a good job in the organization of vocational education and training evaluation. ? Vocational education includes vocational school education and vocational training. Vocational colleges and application-oriented undergraduate colleges complete teaching tasks and vocational skills training in accordance with national teaching standards and responsibilities.
At the same time, we should also mobilize social forces to supplement the shortcomings of the campus and help it run schools. Vocational skills training that can be completed in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations, professional standards and teaching norms should be implemented more through vocational education and training evaluation institutions (hereinafter referred to as training evaluation institutions).
The government ensures the quality of training and the level of students' ability by relaxing access, strictly supervising and enforcing the law at the end, strictly controlling the quantity, and helping the excellent and helping the university.
(fifteen) to improve the level of treatment of technical and skilled personnel. ? Support technical and skilled talents to improve their treatment according to their skills, and encourage enterprises to promote their positions and salary distribution to key positions, front-line production positions and high-level and high-skilled talents in urgent need.
Establish a national master database of technical skills, encourage them to establish master studios, and provide policy and financial support as required to support them to teach part-time in vocational colleges and participate in joint research on major national projects.
(sixteen) improve the funding mechanism. ? Governments at all levels should establish a financial investment system that is compatible with the scale, training cost and quality of running a school, and local governments should formulate and implement the standards of per capita funding or public funding for vocational colleges according to regulations.
While ensuring the reasonable investment in education, we should optimize the structure of education expenditure, and the new education funds should be inclined to vocational education. Encourage social forces to donate money to set up vocational education and broaden the financing channels for running schools.
(seventeen) to establish and improve the quality evaluation and supervision evaluation system of vocational education. ? Based on the learners' professional ethics, technical skills and employment quality, as well as the integration of production and education and the level of school-enterprise cooperation, the quality evaluation system of vocational education is established.
Regularly carry out the "double random and one open" spot check supervision on the work related to vocational skill level certificate, and monitor and evaluate the organizational behavior of training evaluation and the training quality of vocational colleges from 20 19.
(eighteen) to support the formation of the National Vocational Education Guidance Advisory Committee. ? In order to grasp the correct direction of the reform and development of national vocational education and innovate the reform and development model of China's vocational education, he put forward major policy research suggestions and participated in drafting and formulating national vocational education laws and regulations.
Carry out major reform research, provide all kinds of advice, further improve the scientific level of government decision-making, plan and review vocational education standards, and set up a national vocational education guidance advisory Committee under the guidance of the government.
(nineteen) to strengthen the party's overall leadership over vocational education. ? Arm the mind, guide practice and promote work with Xi Jinping's Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, especially General Secretary Xi Jinping's important exposition on vocational education.
Strengthen the party's overall leadership over education, fully implement the party's educational policy, implement the requirements of the central education leading group, and ensure the correct direction of vocational education reform and development. It is necessary to give full play to the leading and political core role of the party organizations in vocational colleges, firmly grasp the leadership of ideological work in schools, and deploy, implement and evaluate the party building work together with the development of schools.
(twenty) to improve the system of inter-ministerial joint meeting of vocational education in the State Council. ? The State Council Vocational Education Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference is composed of education, human resources and social security, development and reform, industry and information technology, finance, agriculture and rural areas, state-owned assets, taxation, poverty alleviation and other units, with Vice Premier the State Council in charge of education as the convener.
The joint meeting co-ordinates the national vocational education work, studies, coordinates and solves major problems in the work, listens to the opinions and suggestions of the National Vocational Education Guidance and Advisory Committee, deploys and implements major issues of vocational education reform and innovation, and holds two meetings every year. All member units report relevant work to the joint meeting.