With the development of science and technology, people pay more and more attention to the medicinal value of wine. Li Shizhen, a pharmacologist in Ming Dynasty, recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica that wine has the effect of "warming the waist and kidney, preserving color and keeping out the cold". With the development of modern science and the continuous improvement of detection methods, it has been proved that wine contains about 500 kinds of compounds, including sugars, minerals, vitamins, amino acids and other nutrients, as well as complex compounds such as alcohols, esters, acids, aldehydes, ketones, terpenes and phenols. Although their content is very small, the interaction between them makes the material structure of wine very complicated, so it has high medical and health care value. Wine is fermented from pure grape juice. The natural acidic substances in grape juice are all dissolved in wine, and their acidity is close to gastric acid (pH 2-2.5). Therefore, wine, as a good seasoning, can help protein to digest and absorb. If you drink alcohol in moderation before meals, it can also promote the secretion of pancreatic enzymes, thus enhancing the digestion and absorption of food in the gastrointestinal tract. Especially for middle-aged and elderly people, it can enhance digestive function and is very beneficial to the body. Wine contains many phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, tannins and so on. These substances have obvious effects of dilating blood vessels and enhancing blood vessel permeability. These substances are more abundant in red wine than in white wine. Each bottle of 750ml Cabernet Sauvignon contains 500- 1000mg of substances beneficial to cardiovascular health. Modern medicine points out that the chief culprit of cardiovascular diseases is the high content of cholesterol and blood lipids in the blood. The human body contains a kind of high-density lipoprotein, which can transport cholesterol in blood vessels to the liver, and then convert it into hormones useful to the human body, and the excess part is discharged from feces. Moderate drinking of wine, especially red wine, can increase the high-density protein in the body, and reduce the contents of cholesterol and blood lipids, thus reducing atherosclerosis and heart disease. As an ordinary consumer, how to buy wine? Pay attention to those quality problems?
1, the first thing to know is the content of the trademark label.
The country requires product name, ingredient list, net content, pure juice content, alcohol content, sugar content, factory name, site, production date, shelf life, product standard code, etc. Mark it on the label of the bottle. In general, the above contents must be indicated on the trademark label. If the label is incomplete or does not indicate the factory date, factory name and address, it may be a fake and shoddy product.
Step 2 observe the color of wine
If the wine is clear and transparent, it is a good wine without precipitation and turbidity; On the contrary, it means that there is something wrong with the quality of the wine, so don't buy it.
3. Choose the type of wine from your own hobbies.
Wine can be divided into sweet type, semi-sweet type, dry type and semi-dry type according to sugar content, and red, white and pink according to color. High-grade red wine is clear and transparent, shiny, fragrant and pleasant, with soft and pleasant taste, long aftertaste and strong typicality. Generally, the alcohol content of dry red wine is between 1 1- 12 degrees. High-grade liquor is generally yellowish with green, clear and transparent, shiny, fruity and mellow, and its alcohol content is generally around 12 degrees.
4. Preservation of wine
Bottled wine is as mature and old as people, so it is described as "live wine". Unlike brandy, the older the wine, the better. Under different conditions, the growth process of wine can be divided into two types: fast and slow. Therefore, how to store it becomes an important issue.
Temperature is very important. If it exceeds 20℃, the first-class wine will reach its peak in 10 and start aging. If it is kept below 18℃, the first-class wine will enter a good state after 10 years. Mature wine tastes smooth in another way. If you put a bottle of wine at room temperature of 30-35℃, within three or four months, the wine will age, the color will obviously get old, the taste will be turbid, and the alcohol content will increase, making the taste of the wine plain.
Humidity is also important. Humidity will affect the state of cork, which has a great influence on whether air permeates and destroys the quality of wine. The bottle must be placed horizontally, that is, let the wine touch the edge so as not to shrink. But that only works for the inner end, and the outer end is still affected by the environmental humidity. The optimum humidity is 70-75%. When it is lower than 40%, it will aggravate the drying shrinkage of the tipping and the wine will soon deteriorate. Generally speaking, low humidity and high temperature are the culprits of murdering wine.
Brightness: Light will change wine, especially swimming light. Wine is best stored in a dark place.
Stability: wine should be kept steady, and vibration will have a bad influence on its balance. Therefore, French wine tastes better in France than in China, and shipping wine is better than using trains, all of which are related to vibration.
Smell: fresh. Stored in a place with a strange smell, its peculiar smell will penetrate into the wine through the cork. Such bad conditions are only found in the cellar. So most people don't keep wine at home, and they can keep it in the refrigerator for up to half a year.
5. Wine grading system in wine producing countries.
The grade system of each wine-producing country is different, but the basic principle of selecting good wine is the same. Strict production regulations, such as origin and grape varieties, are used to distinguish high-quality good wine from ordinary grade wine. The following only introduces the grading system of several major wine producing areas for reference. Wine grading system in major wine producing countries (from high to low)
France: legally produced wine (AOC), excellent regional wine (VDQS), regional wine (VinsdePays) and daily table wine (VinsdeTable).
Italy: DOC (equivalent to AOC in France), DOCG (equivalent to VDQS in France), IGT and VdT are common table wines.
Germany: top quality Qmp, excellent QbA/QmP, daily table wine Tafelwein/Landwein.
6. Classification of wine
Internationally, all wines are full of grape juice, so there are two kinds, red wine and white wine, which are called "dry red" and "dry white" in China. There are many kinds of wines in China, including dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet and sweet. These classifications may confuse lawyers who think they know a lot about wine. The following is the classification of wines according to different standards:
Dividends are divided into three categories according to the color of wine: white wine and pink wine.
According to sugar content (below glucose juice):
The sugar content of dry wine is less than or equal to 4.0g/L; Semi-dry wine with grape juice concentration of 100%: the sugar content is 4.1g/l-12g/l; Grape juice concentration 50%; Semi-sweet wine: the sugar content is12.1g/l-50.0g/l;
Sweet wine: sugar content is equal to or greater than 50.1g/L.
Red wine can be divided into dry red wine, semi-dry red wine, semi-sweet red wine and sweet red wine. Liquor can be divided into dry white wine, semi-dry white wine, semi-sweet white wine and sweet white wine.
According to the pressure of carbon dioxide in wine:
StillWine, also known as still wine (including flavoring wine): This wine does not contain carbon dioxide produced by its own fermentation or artificially added carbon dioxide.
SprklingWine: The carbon dioxide contained in this wine is produced by fermentation after sugar is added to the wine, or it is artificially pressed. The carbon dioxide content in wine should be kept above 0.35MPa at 20℃, and the alcohol content should not be lower than 8% (v/v). Champagne belongs to sparkling wine. In France, it is stipulated that only sparkling wine produced in Champagne Province can be called champagne.
Grape sparkling wine: Carbon dioxide in wine is produced by fermentation or artificially added. The carbon dioxide content in wine is kept at 0.05 1 MPa-0.025 MPa at 20℃, and the alcohol content is not lower than 4% (v/v).
According to the main points of reprocessing:
Seasoning wine: Seasoning wine, also known as aperitif, is made by adding a small amount of edible and seasoning substances to wine. According to the main aroma substances added in wine, it can be divided into bitter type, floral type, fruity type and aromatic type. China's aesthetics belongs to this type.
Brandy: Distilled liquor made by distilling wine. Some brandies can also be made from wines made from other fruits, but they need to be named after raw fruits, such as cherry brandy, Calva brandy and plum brandy.
Wine products
Drinking white wine is the pursuit of happiness, drinking red wine (or all kinds of colored bars! ) pay attention to an emotional appeal. Male friends celebrate together or communicate with each other. After drinking some white wine, the atmosphere will be warm, and almost everything you dare to say will be said smoothly, adding a bit of chic, truth and grandeur. However, on Valentine's Day on February14 (although it is imported, it is also very popular in recent years), if you come to your girlfriend with a bottle of Maotai and dance as drunk as a fiddler, even if you drink a lot, you will not lose your manners at all. Anyway, it seems a bit disappointing. At this time, there is a saying: "wine and wine will make you drunk." It's the truth.
First-class wine is fermented from grape juice. If roughly divided, wines can be divided into three types: first, dry red wine (made by crushing and fermenting whole grapes), second, dry white wine (made by fermenting only grape pulp), and third, pink wine (made by fermenting grapes and some grape skins). Like liquor, wine tasting is mainly fragrant except for taste; The aroma of liquor has been said a lot in the last article, so I won't say much here. The aroma of wine can be divided into two types: one is floral and the other is fruity. The biggest difference between the aroma of wine and liquor is that the aroma of liquor is produced in the process of fermentation, so the longer the fermentation time, the more aroma substances, and the stronger the aroma of wine. If this aromatic substance is pure, however, the aromatic substance of wine is owned by the grape itself, not produced in the fermentation process, so in order to maintain its aroma, the fermentation method and time of the grape are very elegant. Especially for wine storage, oak barrels should be used as sealed storage containers. Wine completes the final fermentation process in oak barrels, and the produced gas (CO2) slowly seeps out of the oak barrels and volatilizes to the outside world, while macromolecular aroma substances and the fragrance of oak itself remain in the barrels and dissolve in the wine liquid, forming a unique style of wine. Because grapes contain a certain amount of sugar, sugar becomes alcohol after fermentation. Therefore, the grape juice mixed with alcohol can be filtered, refined, aged and conditioned, and finally bottled to go on the market. I won't say much about the brewing process here, but only the characteristics, fragrance, meaning and quality of the wine. Why do you drink when you meet your lover? Let's take our time.
The aroma of wine comes from the grapes themselves, so the aroma of wine brewed from different grapes is very different. For example, a dry red wine made from rose-scented grapes, Rose Red Wine, has a bright red body and a rose fragrance (this wine belongs to floral wine). Judging from the color of this wine, those lovers on Valentine's Day can't put it down, not to mention the aroma of roses, which is more in line with the mood at this moment, plus the entrance. Drinking too much will definitely make you dizzy. If you drink a bottle of this wine on Valentine's Day, I can guarantee that you will get drunk at the first sip, because it properly expresses your feelings at that time-a little sour in joy and a little bitter in sweetness; Do you think so?
Cabernet Sauvignon is the name of a wine that originated in France. Changyu Winery in China is also rich in this kind of wine, and its quality is very good. I don't know why this wine is called "Cabernet Sauvignon". I only know that this wine is made of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Sauvignon. The color of Cabernet Sauvignon dry red wine comes from the Cabernet Sauvignon grape itself. The unique fermentation technology makes the fermented wine soak the natural pigment in the grape skin and form a beautiful and attractive deep ruby red, which is unique to middle-aged people. The fruity and elegant bouquet of Cabernet Sauvignon, especially the typical Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, has a strong and profound taste, and the astringency of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes has increased the understanding of the thickness of Cabernet Sauvignon. High-quality Cabernet Sauvignon is mellow and slightly sour, which is the best wine for music and dance. Birthday parties have their own existence. The noble quality Cabernet Sauvignon, which is aged in history, will definitely make the host, especially the hostess, more charming. Appreciate the charming deep ruby red of Cabernet Sauvignon and taste the unique pure and harmonious wine, and people's taste will be elegant! Do you think such a banquet can be great?
There are hundreds of varieties of grapes, and there are dozens of grapes used to make wine, and the tastes are countless. Due to different fermentation techniques and processes, the same grape will also produce different flavors of wine. In short, judging the quality of wine is regular. No matter what kind of wine it is, first of all, it depends on whether its body is clear (no sediment), and then whether it has foam (spoilage or incomplete fermentation will produce undue foam). After opening, we can smell whether its aroma is rich, whether its characteristics are outstanding, whether its taste is mellow (whether its sour and sweet taste is palatable) and whether it can stand the aftertaste (whether its taste will last). Different kinds of wine are different: dry white wine is relatively simple, and the dry white wine brewed by different varieties of grapes mainly has different flavors, and then the colors are light blue, light green and green. In a word, it gives people an elegant feeling. Apart from being sour, it seems to be comparable to pure girls with different scents, and it can also be considered that they grew up in different environments (some have a good family, some have a small jasper, and some are green). However, dry pink wine is very different. In addition to its fragrance and sour taste, it also adds color and astringency. It can be compared to a girl who has tasted the taste of love for the first time. She dresses herself very lightly, wandering between love and non-love, between love and non-love, between gain and loss, with a generous side, a shy side and a bitter side, but it is always faint and hazy. I don't need to say anything about dry red wine. You probably know what I want to compare it to-a young woman, so I won't say much here.
Wine is a charming stunner. If wine is not intoxicating, people will be drunk, if flowers are not charming, people will be fascinated. Good wine is naturally intoxicating, not the wine itself, but the person who has a good capacity for drinking makes himself drunk. How can you get drunk after tasting it? Good flowers can also be attractive, of course, not to be attractive, but people are addicted to them when they see good flowers and forget where their souls belong. Can this not confuse them?