First, the value of positive psychological quality
A passage by Suhomlinski seems to answer this question well. He said: "Teachers should care for and maintain all the excellent qualities of children just like gardeners care for fruit trees grafted with wild plants and care for every branch. Meticulous care for children is not to forgive all their shortcomings and mistakes, nor to endlessly publicize their mistakes ... The real meticulous care should be to cultivate children's excellent moral qualities and constantly consolidate these qualities. "
The prevailing western positive psychology theory in recent years has a good reference significance for education. Positive psychology pays attention to positive quality and positive strength, and is committed to making individuals and society prosperous. The research of positive psychology focuses on people's own positive qualities and strengths, and advocates taking people's inherent, practical and potential constructive strengths, virtues and kindness as the starting point, advocating stimulating people's inherent positive strengths and excellent qualities with a positive attitude, and using these positive strengths and excellent qualities to help ordinary people or people with certain talents maximize their potential and get happiness.
Psychological quality refers to a person's stable psychological tendency in the process of cognition, emotion and will. Psychological quality has both intellectual and non-intellectual factors; There are both positive and negative aspects. Positive psychological qualities mainly include curiosity, creativity, self-control, persistence, social wisdom, responsibility, aesthetics, hope and optimism. To cultivate children's positive psychological quality is to keenly capture the bright spots on children, actively encourage and guide children to carry forward positive factors, overcome negative psychological quality, make children spend the initial period of life happily, and lay a good foundation for future study and life.
Second, the psychological characteristics of the only child
Self-centered. These children are the center of the family from birth, and they are the "little emperors" and "little suns" in the family. All the adults revolve around them. Parents overindulge their children, meet their material needs, and cultivate their self-centered, arrogant, arrogant and selfish characters. They must obey him in everything and lose their temper when they are slightly unhappy.
Timid type These children are overprotected by their parents because they usually arrange everything. They have little chance to get in touch with the outside world, and their activities are too limited. They are introverted and timid, do not know how to get along with their classmates, are unwilling to participate in group activities, and even dare not show themselves in group activities.
An unruly type. Due to the improper upbringing of some families, adults have no prestige in front of their children, which leads to children being rude and unruly, and showing strong rebellious emotions or behaviors in criticizing and educating their elders, which is a headache.
How can we make children develop healthily and harmoniously? It is urgent to explore and cultivate children's positive psychological quality. Of course, the cultivation of positive psychological quality is not achieved overnight, but requires a long process and the joint efforts of many educational factors.
Third, the cultivation of positive psychological quality.
Enlightened parents cultivate lively and cheerful children.
Children need the care, education and management of adults, but if adults manage them too tightly, too carefully and interfere with their activities too much, their personality development will be hindered, making them lack independence and creativity. In order to cultivate lively, cheerful and creative children, parents should give them more freedom and initiative. Some people say happiness can only come from freedom. Only in the free and independent experience, free from oppression and bondage, can children's needs and desires, curiosity and interest be satisfied, and children's attempts and explorations, consciousness and actions are independent and open.
Regarding the liberation of children, Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator, has six propositions based on "five liberations" and "one giving": "Emancipate children's thoughts and free them from morality, prejudice and fantasy; Free the child's hand from the bondage of "don't move here, don't move there"; Liberate children's mouths, let them have the freedom to ask questions, and liberate themselves from "few words"; Liberate children's space, let them contact with nature and society, and liberate them from birdcage-like schools; The time to liberate children is not too tight, and they are liberated from the excessive examination system; Give democratic life and conscious discipline and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. " Mr. Tao's words still have a good reference significance.
Of course, parents' laissez-faire does not mean conniving and giving up their educational responsibilities. Only when the inner freedom is unified with the external proper routine and order of activities can children have a real happy experience. Although doting and blind satisfaction can give children a moment of happy experience, it is superficial after all, and may also lead to children's self-expansion and personality alienation.
Active and healthy teachers cultivate optimistic children. Children get along with teachers from the moment they step into the school gate. The teacher's words and deeds are in the eyes of children's childishness and always affect their young hearts. Teachers' own behavior and psychological quality are important factors affecting the formation of children's psychological quality. If a teacher has a positive and healthy attitude and scientific educational concept, then he will play a positive role in promoting the healthy development of children's psychology; On the contrary, it will have a certain negative impact on children's psychology. Sometimes a teacher's unintentional words, eyes, and actions will make children uneasy, confused, anxious, disappointed, and sad, and in serious cases will cause psychological harm to children. In educational practice, this kind of injury is more caused by teachers' unconscious behavior. Compared with physical injury, it is more concealed, but sometimes its consequences are serious and may have long-term adverse effects. The child abuse incident of kindergarten teachers, which was hotly discussed on the Internet some time ago, is a typical case. The difference in the quality of teachers is surprising. Maybe she just thought it was fun on the spur of the moment, but completely ignored how much harm it caused to the child's psychology!
In view of this, if teachers want to have a good psychological environment for children's development, they should strengthen their self-cultivation, improve their personal quality, be a sunny teacher, influence children with a positive attitude, give them a sense of security and cultivate optimistic children. "Respect our students, just like respecting ourselves, and don't let their bodies and personalities get hurt."
Colorful activities cultivate smart and excellent children. Colorful activities add colorful colors to children's lives. If these activities are well organized, they will effectively promote the healthy growth of children; On the contrary, it will become a mere formality, and the surface will be vigorous and lively. The past is like smoke and fire, leaving no trace.
As a popular activity for children, games can cultivate their self-confidence, cooperative spirit and social skills. Music can stimulate children's imagination, cultivate children's sentiment through singing, and let children's emotions be reasonably vented; Physical activities can effectively promote the formation of children's good will quality while exercising; Painting can cultivate children's aesthetic ability and focus quality. ...
A warm and beautiful environment cultivates healthy and happy children. Different environments will make people feel different. The so-called "dirty is evil, all is joy; Darkness hurts, and light makes people comfortable. " At present, many schools attach great importance to the environmental construction of gardens, create a warm and beautiful environment for children as much as possible, and give full play to the function of environmental education. Beautiful environment can cultivate children's sentiment of loving beauty. In a beautiful environment, under the infection and cultivation of beautiful things, it is conducive to the healthy and happy growth of children. Of course, in the process of creating the environment, children should not just be bystanders. Teachers and parents should actively create conditions for children to participate and create a beautiful environment with their own hands. For example, by planting flowers and trees, decorating classrooms and families, children can become small masters who beautify their families and schools. Children can feel great pleasure in the activities of feeling, appreciating and creating beauty, which has a positive role in promoting children's lively and happy personality.
No matter parents or teachers, who doesn't want their children to have a positive psychological quality, a happy childhood and a bright future? However, affected by multiple factors, all this is not easy to achieve. We need to establish a scientific concept of children and education, constantly update the concept of education, cooperate in many aspects, and take a multi-pronged approach, which is the ideal realm.