Those people and things in cheeloo university Planetarium.
Photo 1: A photo of Wang Qian 'en, director of astronomy department of Dach University, and Tian Guanwu, an associate professor, outside the planetarium.
Figure 2: Dutch Planetarium in winter of1939.
Figure 3: Wang Qian 'en
Figure 4: Miao Yongrui
In the early years, there was a planetarium and a department of astronomy and mathematics in the campus of cheeloo university. Astronomy Department of Dach University initiated astronomical research in China. At that time, Wang Xi En, the head of astronomy department, was once known as one of the "six great mathematicians in the contemporary world". Until the early 1950s, Miao Yongrui, an astronomer, also graduated from the Astronomy Department.
□ Li
Wang Qian 'en: Three Abacus Used in Advanced Astronomical Computing
At that time, Wang Qian 'en, director of the Department of Astronomy and Observatory of Dach University, was a legend in the field of astronomy. It is said that he can use his ancestral abacus to carry out advanced astronomical algebra calculation, and any complicated astronomical calculation problem can not beat this Mr. Wang.
The Dutch Planetarium was built at the beginning of cheeloo university 19 17, and belongs to the Department of Astronomy and Computing of its College of Arts and Sciences. The Planetarium and the Department of Mathematics are the only ones in Qida University. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, it was unparalleled in the world. Because in those days, among the public and private universities in China, only Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University later established the Observatory and Astronomy Department. Its department of mathematical astronomy is set in 1927, and its observatory is built in 1929. Although the Dutch Planetarium was newly built after 19 17, its instruments and equipment were merged from Weixian Wenguang College, and some of them came from Dengzhou Literature Museum earlier.
At that time, Wang Qian 'en was the head of the Department of Astronomy and Astronomy at Dach University. This man is even more legendary in astronomy. It is said that he can use his ancestral abacus to carry out advanced astronomical iterative calculation, and any complicated astronomical calculation problem can't beat this Mr. Wang Lao. There is a story about Mr. Wang Lao's strategizing among college students in the Qi Dynasty. It is said that the foreign missionaries at that time did not agree with Wang PK. So they agreed to calculate the date of the future solar eclipse. Wang worked out three abacus side by side. In a few minutes, he worked out the result, while Dickinson worked it out paper by paper for a long time before he managed to get the answer. After this competition, Calvin Wilson Mateer, an old man who is familiar with western astronomy, left a deep impression. He never underestimated the abacus of China people.
But it's too late for the rest of my life. Although I've heard of it, I've never seen it. Now its people and things have disappeared without a trace, and it seems that they will never be seen again in this life. However, it did not succeed. Recently, the author collected a group of old photos of cheeloo university. Looking through these old films of Qida, I accidentally witnessed the true face of Lushan Mountain in the planetarium of Qida, including the legendary figure of Wang. Please look at the old photo 1, which is the early Dutch planetarium in cheeloo university. Among the two photographers outside the planetarium, the old man wearing a robe and jacket on the left is Wang, head of the astronomy department. The young scholar in a white coat on the right is his assistant and associate professor of astronomy, Tian Guanwu. The second picture is the Dutch Planetarium in the winter of 1939. As can be seen from this photo, the planetarium is located in the southeast corner of the campus of Daqi, and not far behind it is the snow-capped Qianfo Mountain.
As these old shadows reappear in front of our eyes, those old stories of that year will also come alive.
Calvin Wilson Mateer PK Wang Wanxiang
One day, when Calvin Wilson Mateer was out, he happened to meet Wang Wanxiang, with a big abacus behind him. De immediately invited Wang to the back room, and the two agreed that you use an abacus and I use a pen, and at the same time calculate the time of the next solar eclipse and the year and month of the visible place to see who can finish the calculation first. After many hours of intense calculation, the two men finished almost at the same time, and the calculation time was similar.
Wang Qian 'en (187 1 ~ 1932) was born in Dongwangche Village, Qingzhou (now Liang Zhu Town). Born in a scholarly family and a family of astronomy and mathematics, his father's name is Wang Wanxiang. Wang Qian 'en 1893 graduated from dengzhou city Cultural Center, and is the fifth graduate of 15. After graduation, he stayed in school to teach. In fact, what Qi college students said about the game with Wang was misinformation. It was not Wang Qian 'en who fought with Dion, but his father Wan Xiang. Because of this, Wang Cai was able to study in Dengzhou Literature Museum.
It turns out that his father, Wan Xiang, is a well-read man in Qingzhou. He is well-read in poetry and is proficient in astronomy and geography. In China, there are Astronomical Calendar translated by Xu Guangqi in Ming Dynasty and Ideal Examination by Qing Qianlong. But by this time, the Wangs had declined. Forced by his livelihood, the scholar resolutely picked up a big abacus and wandered around, counting auspicious days and observing Feng Shui, making a living.
One day, when Calvin Wilson Mateer was out, he met Wang Wanxiang with a big abacus on his back. Dickinson was very surprised. What is this? What's the use? Wang A: Abacus. You can work out the auspicious day of the zodiac and the right time and place. Emperor Yangdi asked: Can you calculate an eclipse of the sun and the moon? Wang A: Yes! De immediately invited Wang to the back room, and the two agreed that you use an abacus and I use a pen, and at the same time calculate the time of the next solar eclipse and the year and month of the visible place to see who can finish the calculation first. After many hours of intense calculation, the two men finished almost at the same time, and the calculation time was similar. Dickinson has a set of calculation formulas and logarithmic tables to look up, and Wang Wanxiang relies on an abacus, but his hands are empty. This surprised Calvin Wilson Mateer: China people really have talents! If he can use the western method, I don't know what miracle will happen. At that time, Wang Wanxiang was over 50 years old. Dickens asked him if he had any children and would like to teach him western algorithms. A: A son is studying four books and five classics in the countryside. Di Shi said, you send your son to school, and I don't charge tuition and fees. Would you? Wang immediately agreed. So En entered the Wen Guild Hall and became a disciple.
Before Wang Qianen entered the school, a "stargazing platform" was built in Wen Hui Hall to teach "Tiange Flower Art". Among them, courses such as physical and chemical calculation are taught by Calvin Wilson Mateer himself, and courses such as astronomical surveying and mapping are taught by Professor Hirsch. At that time, there was a 25cm reflecting telescope in the Observatory, which was purchased by Calvin Wilson Mateer when he returned to the United States for a holiday in 1879. This large-scale precision astronomical telescope was moved to Weixian Wenguang College in 1904, merged into Qilu College of Jinan University in19/6, and moved to Nanjing University after being cancelled in 1952.
Wang Qian 'en is listed as one of the "six great mathematicians in the contemporary world"
In the era when foreigners were principals in charge of school administration, the directors of other departments were foreign professors from Britain and the United States who took turns to sit in the village, but the head of the astronomy department was always Wang Qianen, a China native. Wang created a new algorithm for drawing solar eclipse, which attracted the attention of international astronomy and mathematics circles and won the title of "one of the six great mathematicians in the contemporary world".
190 1 year, Hu Shi founded Shandong University Hall at the request of Yuan Shikai, the governor of Shandong Province. Mr. Hu Shi, the chief teacher, took six western teachers who graduated from Dengzhou Literature Museum to Jinan to organize the Shandong University Hall. Wang Qian 'en is one of the six western teachers, teaching physics. 1903, Hirsch resigned angrily because he was dissatisfied with the school forcing students to bow down to Confucius and returned to Weixian Wenguang College. Wang also went with him. 19 16 Wenguang College moved to Jinan to establish cheeloo university. Wang Qian' en became the head of the Department of Astronomical Calculus and the director of the Observatory of Dach University, and taught astronomy, mathematics, and electric geology in the Faculty of Science.
At that time, there were departments of astronomy, physics, chemistry and biology in Qi Dali College. In the era when foreigners were principals in charge of school administration, the directors of other departments were foreign professors from Britain and the United States who took turns to sit in the village, but the head of the astronomy department was always Wang Qianen, a China native. After Wang joined Qi, he made new discoveries in astronomical research and was awarded the Master of Science degree by the Royal Society. But in fact, this is a long-overdue honor, and God played a big joke on him. It turned out that when he was a teacher in Wenguang College, he wrote a paper on the calculation method of solar and lunar eclipses by using western methods as tools and combining the ancestral astronomical algorithm, that is, using Jupiter's halo cycle to calculate solar and lunar eclipses. However, Wang Can can't speak English, because when he was studying in Wenhui Hall, Calvin Wilson Mateer insisted on not offering English classes. At that time, although many Cantonese teachers could speak foreign languages, they did not understand astronomy, so it was not until 20 years later that Hirsch translated it into English and sent it to the Royal Society for deliberation. In his later years, Wang created a new algorithm for drawing solar eclipses on this basis, which attracted the attention of the international astronomical and mathematical circles. At that time, he knew many international topics in Britain and America at a glance, so he was awarded the title of "one of the six great mathematicians in the contemporary world".
Wang Qian 'en is not only proficient in astronomical arithmetic, but also in acousto-optic electrification. It is particularly interested in electricity. At that time, there were small power plants in coastal cities of China, but they knew little about the principle and usage of generators, so there were no books to look up and no one to look up. The book Electrician's Manual, edited by Wang Sui, was lithographically printed by Daqi Printing House. The book sold out as soon as it was published in Luoyang. Later, people from all over the country sent people to copy, and the letters they wanted were overwhelming. Wang Nai rearranged it, added new contents and expanded its length, and named it Electrotechnics. After the manuscript was written, Shanghai Commercial Press heard that it was willing to pay a high price for the copyright, and promised to copy it immediately for emergency use. Wang was afraid that the post station would fall, so he asked a friend from Qingdao to go to Shanghai by boat. Unexpectedly, this friend wrote and said: I am very sorry that the manuscript was accidentally left on the boat. Since then, there has been no following in this book. Wang has been ill for a long time, but his illness worsened under the double blow of economy and spirit, which is one of the reasons for his early death.
1932 Wang Qian 'en died of complications of diabetes at the age of 60. In memory of him, Qi Dawei named the big observatory used by astronomy students as "Zepu Observatory".
There is an academician Miao Yongrui.
Its unique contribution to astronomy is mainly two points: one is the determination and application of Zentraedi, and the other is the establishment of long-wave time service station. Miao Yongrui's solution and design scheme improve the accuracy of time measurement by 1000 times (microsecond level), which has made great contributions to the development of China's space industry.
1937 After the July 7th Incident, cheeloo university moved to Huaxi Dam in Chengdu, and the Department of Astronomy of Dachi was closed. However, the planetarium instruments were not packed and moved away, and Cheng, who graduated from the Astronomy Department and stayed in school to teach, stayed behind to be responsible for maintenance. It is said that during this period, Cheng went to Zepu Observatory to observe sunspots and nebulae.
1946 after the victory of the anti-Japanese war, Dutch moved back to Jinan and resumed classes in the arithmetic department. 1948 before the battle of Jinan, two freshmen were recruited. There are only a dozen students in the two sessions. There are three girls, and three boys are all surnamed Miao, named Miao Yongkuan, Miao Yongming and Miao Yongrui respectively. These are the three nephews of Miao family in Huantai, Jinan. Miao Yongkuan and Miao Yongming are the sons of Miao Hainan, and Miao Yongrui is the son of Miao Xingyuan.
1September, 952, the national colleges and universities were greatly adjusted, cheeloo University was dissolved and revoked, and the departments of the College of Arts and Sciences were dismembered and merged. Among them, the arithmetic department, even teachers, students and equipment were all incorporated into Nanjing. Among them, Associate Professor Cheng came to Nanjing University with two graduates, Xu Bangxin and Miao Yongkuan, and together with the teachers transferred from Sun Yat-sen University, he established the Astronomy Department of Nanjing University. Later, Xu Bangxin and Miao Yongkuan were both heads of NTU astronomy department. Zhao Xianzi, Shi and Miao Yongrui, graduates of astronomy department, came to Nanjing Purple Mountain Observatory. Later, Zhao Xianzi was the deputy director of the Purple Mountain Observatory. Miao Yongrui became an astronomer.
Miao Yongrui (1930 ~ 1998), a 46-year student in the Department of Astronomy, Dachi University, graduated from 195 1 year. He first worked at Nanjing Purple Mountain Observatory, and then transferred to Shanghai Observatory as the director of Shaanxi Observatory. Its unique contribution to astronomy is mainly two points: one is the determination and application of Zentraedi, and the other is the establishment of long-wave time service station. Miao Yongrui's solution and design scheme improve the accuracy of time measurement by 1000 times (microsecond level), which has made great contributions to the development of China's space industry. 199 1 was elected as a member of the faculty and became an academician of China Academy of Sciences.
1952, after two astronomical telescopes and other instruments were dismantled in Nanjing, only the empty shells of two observatories were left, and the planetarium was demolished soon. Miao Yongming in "Three Miao" went to Shandong Normal University and later became a professor in the physics department of Shandong Normal University. 1997 was elected president of cheeloo university Alumni Association. Now, few people know that there is a planetarium except Miao, the president who is still alive.