Where is Sanxingdui site?
Address: Xinxiang Road, Guanghan, Deyang, Sichuan
How to get to Sanxingdui Site from Chengdu?
The distance from Chengdu to Sanxingdui is less than 30 kilometers, and the transportation is convenient. National Highway 108, Chengdu-Mianyang Expressway and Chengdu-Mianyang-Leshan Intercity Train can all be reached in baoji-chengdu railway.
1. Self-driving: National Highway 108 (to Guanghan) and Chengdu-Mianyang Expressway (to Guanghan). .4 -.6 Attention for self-driving tourists: The bridge head of Sanxingdui Bridge has been completely closed, so it is necessary to take Sanxingdui Expressway to reach Sanxingdui Museum.
2. High-speed train: You can take Chengmianle intercity train to Guanghan North Station, take bus 1, change to bus 10 at Liuyang Mingyuan, and go to Sanxingdui Museum Station.
2. Scenic through train: Chengdu scenic through train service point of Wuhou Temple (departing at 1 1:30 every day or service point of giant panda breeding research base (departing at 12:30 every day, with one stop going straight back and forth).
For details, please consult www.cd9 17.com and the service centers of the through train attractions: 4000-82- 17 17.
3. Other trains: Take the bus 1, 7, 45, 63, 69, 70, 7 1, 83, 302 in Chengdu to Zhaojue Temple Station (tel. 028-83504 125, and it takes only 20 minutes to transfer to Guanghan.
4. Sanxingdui Museum Tel: 0838-5651550 5510349.
Sanxingdui site was once an ancient capital?
The eight sacrificial pits in Sanxingdui site have attracted much attention. In fact, Sanxingdui site is probably the capital of an ancient country. Its area is about 3.5 square kilometers, no less than the ancient imperial capital of the Central Plains. Let's take a look at this mysterious ancient city.
Sanxingdui ancient city is no less than the capital of Central Plains.
Lei Yu, captain of the archaeological excavation team of Sanxingdui site: There must be a very important element in civilization: the city. Sanxingdui city is very big, but it is not formed in one step. Personally, it is a gradual development. First there is a small town, then there are several other towns, and finally such a Sanxingdui city with a total area of 3.5 square kilometers is formed.
The discovery and confirmation of Sanxingdui ancient city was also completed step by step. 1990, archaeologists found adobe bricks on the east side and confirmed the east wall. 1992 confirmation of the west wall. 1994 south wall found. It was not until 20 15 that archaeologists discovered the wall of Guanqingshan in the northwest of the city site. At this time, the outline of Sanxingdui ancient city gradually became clear.
Professor Sun Hua of Peking University: In the north of Sanxingdui, we found a palace, which is a large building with a length of 50 to 60 meters on Guanqingshan. Its zoning is very clear, and the city size is only slightly smaller than Zhengzhou Mall and Yanshi Mall.
According to reports, Sanxingdui Ancient City is 0.5 square kilometers larger than the inner city, although it is smaller than the outer Guo Cheng of Zhengzhou Mall, the capital of the early and middle Shang Dynasty. Compared with the commercial and cultural sites around Zhengzhou Mall and Yanshi Mall, the scale is larger. In the center of this ancient city with an area of about 3.5 square kilometers, an arc-shaped wall looks like the moon, dividing the ancient city into a city within a city. According to archaeological findings, the ancient city is divided into palace area, residential area, sacrificial area and tomb area outside the city. The eight sacrificial pits are located in the sacrificial area in the southwest of the ancient city.
Sun Hua, Professor of Peking University: At an earlier time, its religious space did not seem to be in Sanxingdui now. Sanxingdui cultural relics pit is a relatively late thing. It used to be in the north of the river, but it moved to the south of the river at the latest.
Perhaps there was a ritual or religious reform in the later period of Sanxingdui, which gradually separated people's secular space from religious space and from this river.
The river mentioned by Professor Sun Hua is Mamu River which runs through the city. Mamu River and Moon Bay Wall are also roughly arranged in the shape of fields. At the same time, the ruins of Zhongyuan City are mostly divided into well-shaped streets. With the help of natural water system, Sanxingdui ancient city has formed its own unique urban planning.
Professor Sun Hua of Peking University: Sanxingdui has such capital, so it must have entered this stage of the country.
According to experts, another remarkable feature of Sanxingdui ancient city is that no second-and third-class city sites have been found in its radiation area, and even the most basic village sites are rarely found.
Professor Sun Hua, Peking University: Sanxingdui is an ancient country, and its ethnic structure may be different from that of Xia and Shang Dynasties. Internally, it regards powerful religion as a weapon of rule. Foreign plunder and conquest have gone too far, and these surrounding villages have lost the possibility of further development. These people want to escape, which may be an unsustainable form. So this Sanxingdui Gu Chenghui is abandoned, and another center will rise.
With the rise of Jinsha, the site of the Twelve Bridges Cultural Center, the number of people living in Sanxingdui gradually decreased, and the city was basically deserted.
Lei Yu, leader of the archaeological excavation team at Sanxingdui site: (The history of ancient Shu is not recorded in writing, and the content of this myth and legend is completely confirmed by archaeological discoveries.
Big conjecture on the age of Sanxingdui sacrificial pit
About the eight pits where Sanxingdui buried cultural relics, are they sacrificial pits or abandoned pits? Judging the use of these pits is one of the keys to solve many mysteries of Sanxingdui civilization. To judge the nature of these pits, we must start with the dating of the pits.
With the latest excavation progress of Sanxingdui, can we get closer to the real face of Sanxingdui?
It is reported that in the 1990s, China published an archaeological report on Sanxingdui, which is the only official archaeological report published publicly at present. According to the report, pit 1 discovered in 1986 was earlier than pit 2.
Professor Sun Hua of Peking University: The pits 1 and 2 we found in the past are only a small part of these pits, and the information we got is one-sided. These two pits are still at the two ends of this place, with six pits in the middle. If it can be proved that these pits are buried at regular intervals, it is better to have a distance of one year. If it is a one-time burial, you can't see the age distance, so it's not like an act of sacrifice. Sacrifice must be a regular and regular behavior.
It is understood that the archaeological excavation of Sanxingdui site, the newly discovered pit 6, has found that there is a fracture relationship between pit 6 and pit 7, that is, the late pit was dug in the early pit.
Lei Yu, leader of archaeological excavation team at Sanxingdui site: No.6 pit broke No.7 pit, which is a bit incredible. It stands to reason that such an important royal sacrifice pit must have been planned, but it did happen. Then it is very likely that these two pits have been formed for a long time. Maybe the planner at that time forgot that there was another guy at that point, and that was the relationship. There are three stratigraphic relationships between Bakeng and loess layer, at least from the stratigraphic point of view, it has different times.
Lei Yu, head of archaeological excavation in Sanxingdui, said that the newly discovered six pits, pit 1 and pit 2 later than pit 1986, may even overlap with Jinsha Site. It is understood that the current archaeological research results show that the Jinsha site in Chengdu was born out of Sanxingdui.
Lei Yu, leader of the archaeological excavation team at Sanxingdui site: It used to be thought that Sanxingdui and Jinsha site were in tandem and seamlessly connected. Now it seems that these six pits may be late, and it is not a little late, which means that the lower limit era of Sanxingdui as a political center will be pushed back even more. But since the upper limit of Jinsha is here, there is a parallel superposition of the two. As an individual, did ancient Shu have two capitals at that time? A Jinsha and a Sanxingdui? At least a few decades, even a hundred years (time coexists with two capitals? This is another challenge.
Has Sanxingdui Wen Mingzhen disappeared?
More than 3000 years ago, there may have been a mysterious incident in Sanxingdui ancient city. Thousands of treasures were smashed and burned and buried in the ground regularly. Because there is no written record, what happened is a headache for later archaeologists. Sanxingdui civilization, with the burial of these artifacts, also disappeared at the same time?
According to reports, the urban pattern of Sanxingdui was finally formed in the late Sanxingdui culture, but the city was soon abandoned. With the excavation of Sanxingdui 1 and No.2 pits, especially the unearthed cultural relics, there are traces of destruction, and there are many signs that significant changes have taken place in the end of Sanxingdui culture. Therefore, there are several hypotheses about the reasons for the demise of Sanxingdui Kingdom. It mainly includes foreign invasion theory, flood theory and internal conflict leading to decline theory.
Sun Hua, a professor in Peking University: Is it because hostile countries captured the capital Sanxingdui, burned its palaces and temples, and smashed and buried the good things inside? But generally speaking, if it is to destroy its ancestral temple, just dig a hole and bury it. But these pits are well dug, directional, and in the same direction, in the same direction as the city and those large buildings, unlike the behavior of hostile countries.
According to the theory that flood ravaged the city, archaeologists found no sediment left by flood in the site. The theory that internal conflicts lead to national subjugation can be found in the cultural relics unearthed in Sanxingdui. Carbon 14 dating technique shows that when Sanxingdui site entered a relative recession, Chengdu Jinsha site, which was born out of Sanxingdui, rose. The hair styles of bronze portraits unearthed in Sanxingdui can be roughly divided into braided hair and straight hair. Some scholars believe that there are at least two ethnic groups in Sanxingdui ancient city, and the portrait of Dali is Fu, which shows that this ethnic group represents the theocratic class, while the weavers master the secular kingship. The figurines unearthed from Jinsha site are almost the same as the bronze figures of Sanxingdui, but the hair style is braided, with a light ring of the sun on the head and a scepter at the waist. This shows that after the braided hair family moved south to Jinsha, they mastered both theocracy and kingship. On the other hand, Sanxingdui may be destroyed by the internal conflict between the two ethnic groups.
Sun Hua, a professor at Peking University: If it is a sudden internal conflict, this kind of burying behavior will definitely happen at the same time. If we can find everything through this archaeological excavation, we can prove or deny all kinds of speculations we have put forward in the past.
Lei Yu, captain of the archaeological excavation team at Sanxingdui site: Now, six more have been discovered, and one * * * is eight pits.
Moreover, these pits are all a matter of time, and some pits have been broken. That is to say, the later pit destroyed the earlier pit. Obviously, the age gap is not small. They don't know that there are pits of early ancestors in this place, and the age gap has reached this point.
Jinsha site is about 40 kilometers away from Sanxingdui site. There is a golden crown belt unearthed here, which is similar to the pattern of Sanxingdui golden staff, with a group of patterns of faces, birds, fish and arrows, further confirming that Jinsha site is the inheritance of Sanxingdui site.
According to reports, Jinsha culture lasted for more than 500 years, until the Warring States period, when Shu was destroyed by the Qin Dynasty in 365,438+06 BC, Jinsha site was completely abandoned, and Sanxingdui civilization in its heyday finally merged into the historical chapter of Chinese civilization.