"Corporate DNA" was first put forward by noel m. tichy, a professor at the University of Michigan Business School. Enterprise DNA is also the genetic code of enterprises. As a living unnatural creature, enterprises have their own genetic genes, which are not far from human DNA. If people's genes determine people's physical quality and development potential, then enterprise DNA determines the characteristics of enterprise's form, development and even variation, and determines the most basic aspects of enterprise's scale, type, healthy and orderly operation. The value of putting forward the concept of enterprise DNA is to regard the development of enterprises as the growth of a living body. The purpose of enterprise existence is growth, not profit maximization; The premise of enterprise survival is to create value for customers, not to produce products, which makes the problem of enterprise development gradually alienated and drifting away return to its origin, so as to grasp the essence of enterprise development more clearly.
1. Professor Tiqu's enterprise DNA model mainly focuses on how an enterprise, as an organization, constitutes the genetic code from the organizational form. He believes that there are two main elements, one is the decision-making structure, which decisions will be made and how to make them; The second is the social structure, how people get along with each other, how to listen to each other, support each other, respect each other, and how to deal with contradictions. The decision-making structure and social structure of enterprises are integrated to form the operating mechanism of enterprises. This mechanism will provide enterprises with multiple functions of self-development, education and feedback, and can deeply implant the genetic code of enterprises into organizations. The essence of the interesting corporate DNA model includes corporate system and corporate culture, but they think that corporate DNA is the decision-making structure and social structure in corporate system and corporate culture. David Fagiano believes that corporate culture is a very important factor in the enterprise and is the DNA of the enterprise. Corporate culture carries a lot of corporate information. David Fagiano does not deny that corporate DNA contains other contents, but only thinks that corporate culture is a part of corporate DNA. 2. Ken baskin discussed the problem of enterprise DNA in detail in his monographs and papers. On the basis of summing up the experiences of some famous organic companies such as 3M and FedEx, baskin discussed how organizations should use the design principles of biology to adapt to the changes of ecology and survive in today's market ecology. Baskin believes that the company also has biological genetic factors similar to the company's DNA, and the company's characteristic is the company's DNA. Company DNA is a database of program and structure information, which has the characteristics of omnipresence, flexibility and unique utilization. 3.Gauhart and Kelly put forward the concept of biological legal person in the theory of enterprise change, and thought that an enterprise is a living organism, which is called "biological legal person". An enterprise biological legal person consists of twelve pairs of chromosomes. According to the knowledge of biogenetics, individual differences are due to individual gene imprinting. In the same way, it can be considered that different corporate biological legal persons are also composed of a large number of gene imprints with different personalities. Taking the biological legal person as the logical starting point and twelve pairs of chromosomes as the analytical framework, this paper calls on entrepreneurs to create the unique genetic structure of enterprises and ensure the healthy growth of enterprises by shaping twelve pairs of chromosomes. It is believed that the secret of enterprise immortality lies in promoting the synchronous transformation of twelve pairs of chromosomes and pursuing the same goal together. These twelve pairs of chromosomes are: (1) three pairs of chromosomes are re-planned, including promoting the expansion of mental energy, sketching corporate vision to form a sense of mission and establishing a performance appraisal system to generate a sense of responsibility; (2) Reconstruct the three pairs of chromosomes of the organization, including establishing an economic model (understanding the economic situation and analyzing financial indicators), coordinating the organizational structure (similar to forming a skeleton), and re-planning the work structure (similar to muscles, interrelated); (3) three pairs of chromosomes to revitalize the vitality of enterprises, including grasping the pulse of the market (similar to the sensory organs of the human body, linking all factors), creating a brand-new career (equivalent to the reproductive system, requiring the exchange of talents), and changing the rules with science and technology (equivalent to the nervous system, transmitting various signals); (4) Restarting the three pairs of chromosomes of freshmen, including setting up a reward system, improving employee satisfaction, promoting individual learning and giving play to group functions. Gerhardt and Kelly also regard business leaders as genetic engineers of biological legal persons. Their task is to extract the right genes from the right chromosomes, graft the genes into the right places at the right time, and make the twelve pairs of chromosomes in the enterprise pair with each other in the best way to create unique competitiveness. As an executive of an enterprise, he should devote himself to the unique genetic structure of the enterprise, rather than manufacturing and controlling every cell in the enterprise. 4. Zhou Hui and others think that the existing theory of enterprise growth is incomplete, and the enterprise life model is a new theoretical paradigm of enterprise growth. In the model, the genes of enterprises determine the diversity and life cycle characteristics of enterprises. Zhou Hui and others think: (1) Because enterprises have life characteristics, we can make such a mapping reasonably, that is, enterprises also have a double helix structure. The double strands of DNA double helix structure that constitute enterprise genes are capital chain (capital chain) and labor chain (labor chain). Capital and labor are the basic elements of enterprise organization, which are obtained through capital market and labor market in the market; (2) We can assume that the foundation of enterprise DNA is enterprise entrepreneurs, mechanisms, technologies and cultures, which are arranged in it; (3) Entrepreneur, mechanism, technology, culture and other four important factors of enterprise organization are connected with the capital chain and labor chain. Due to infinite arrangement, thousands of different enterprises are formed, that is, enterprises have extensive diversity. At the same time, enterprises have different life cycles because of their life characteristics. L chain is a human capital chain, which is composed of a market-oriented human capital unit in series. C chain is physical capital, which is composed of market-oriented capital units in series. The l chain and the c chain form a double helix chain. The connecting factors are entrepreneur (e), mechanism (m), technology (t) and culture (c). 5. Nelson and others compared the attribute characteristics of enterprises to the DNA of organisms, and emphasized the importance of enterprise DNA in enterprise development. They believe that the DNA of an enterprise consists of four basic elements: organizational structure, decision-making power, information transmission and incentive mechanism. These basic elements form the uniqueness of an enterprise through countless combinations, just like the DNA with biological double helix structure is composed of four nucleotide molecules. A tissue DNA analyzer was developed by Booz-Allen Consulting Company based on Neilson's enterprise DNA model. According to the answers of enterprise management and employees to the question set 19, this paper evaluates the position of enterprises in the four basic elements of enterprise DNA, and divides enterprises into seven DNA categories. Harvard Business Review chinese magazine introduced the organization DNA profiler and conducted a four-month survey in China, and jointly published the survey results with Booz Allen in Shanghai. The survey results show that nearly half of the enterprises operating in China show "healthy" corporate DNA, which is better than the global survey results. In the global survey, the number of healthy enterprises is about 1/3. The survey also warned the managers of enterprises in China that the current health status of enterprises in China is fragile, because the lack of risk management mechanism and professional governance structure will make the health of enterprises unsustainable. Nielsen enterprise DNA model has been widely recognized and confirmed in practice, but there are also some controversies. 6.Aurick and others put forward the concepts of capability-driven organization, enterprise gene and enterprise gene recombination in their monographs, and discussed the strategies and methods of enterprise gene construction and enterprise gene recombination. Due to the rapid development of the Internet and the breakthrough development of science and technology, the transaction cost of enterprises has been greatly reduced, which makes it possible to decompose enterprises. In the past, we looked at the health of the whole enterprise or business unit, but in the future, we will pay more and more attention to independent business components, that is, the business capability elements of enterprises. Enterprise business capability elements, also known as capability elements, enterprise genes and enterprise DNA, are elements of a value chain composed of a series of activities or assets, which make substantial contributions to the output of the value chain. The elements of enterprise management ability can be divided into three categories: tangible ability, trading ability and knowledge ability.