The mode of operation refers to the ways and methods of self-production, self-sale, purchase and sale, wholesale, retail, transportation and consulting services adopted by enterprises in their business activities.
Question 2: What are the business operation modes? First of all, according to the position of enterprises in the industrial chain, the enterprise operation modes are classified:
1, production OEM (spindle) business model
The characteristic of this kind of business model enterprises is that enterprises, as suppliers of enterprises in the middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain, generally process products according to customers' orders. In the market, they are sold under the signs of other companies. Enterprises are only responsible for the production of one or more products or parts in a certain industry, but most of them involve product sales and product design.
2, design+sales (dumbbell) business model
This business model is just the opposite of the production OEM business model. Enterprises do not participate in any business in the production field, but are only responsible for design and sales. Enterprises design products and services that customers need in the market, and then look for corresponding production OEM. It requires enterprises to have strong design and sales capabilities and well-known brands. This kind of enterprise is closely related to the market, sensitive to market trends and customer needs, and is the fastest enterprise to respond to the market.
3. Business model of production+sales
Production enterprises that adopt this business model are the most common, and enterprises involve the latter two parts of business process: production and sales. For product design, for some reason, the enterprise did not involve it. In this node of enterprises, the competition between enterprises is fierce. The business structure diagram is shown in Figure 4.
4. Business model of design+production+sales
This is a business model involving many nodes in the industrial chain. Enterprises adopting this business model are characterized by their ability to develop new products. According to the market demand, the enterprise develops the products needed by its own market and transforms the previous products at the same time; In manufacturing, enterprises have certain manufacturing capabilities, and the flexibility of manufacturing equipment is relatively good. The developed new products can be produced by existing equipment, or there are enough funds to build new production lines. Establish your own customer base for your products through your own marketing system.
5. Types of information services
A typical information service enterprise is a consulting company. This kind of enterprise or company does not involve all activities of manufacturing industry, but it is closely related to manufacturing industry to a great extent.
Second, the enterprise operation mode is divided according to the business scope of the enterprise:
1, single business model
Single operation, also known as specialized operation, means that an enterprise only designs, produces or sells in one product field, and its business scope is relatively single. The advantage of this business model is that the market scope faced by enterprises is relatively limited, and they can concentrate resources on competition; The risk is that many competitors may realize the effectiveness of the single-minded business strategy and imitate this model.
2. Diversified business model
Diversified business models can be divided into three basic types: centralized diversification, horizontal diversification and mixed diversification.
Question 3: How to fill in the management mode of construction enterprises? The management modes of construction enterprises include: self-management, contracting, commercialization and joint command mode.
1, self-operated mode.
This method refers to the management mode that the construction project is organized and completed by the owners themselves. Including the planning, design entrustment, site selection, land acquisition and construction organization of construction projects, are all completed by the owners themselves. The advantages of this method are: it is conducive to the centralized and unified management of the whole process of the project by the owner, and can mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of the owner to complete the project tasks. The disadvantages are unstable organization, weak technical force, low management level and poor economic benefits.
2, the way of contracting.
This mode refers to the management mode that the owner (the construction unit is called Party A) contracts the construction project to the construction contracting enterprise (called Party B), and the contracting enterprise completes the task of the construction builder on time with good quality and quantity. It is a widely used management mode in China at present. In economic relations, contracting enterprises are directly responsible to the owners, and the owners are responsible to the state or the board of directors. In order to clarify the economic relationship between the two parties, the owner and the contracting enterprise sign contracts or agreements, distinguish responsibilities, work together, restrict and promote each other, and jointly ensure the smooth completion of the task. Once the project contract is signed, it has legal effect, and both parties must strictly implement the terms of the contract.
Due to the differences between enterprises' own and external conditions, this contracted management mode can be divided into the following specific management modes:
(1) General contracting and subcontracting methods. This way means that a construction contracting enterprise, as the general contractor, directly signs a project contract with the owner, and then subcontracts part of the project to a second contracting enterprise according to the conditions of enterprise gestation and external environment, so as to clarify the economic responsibilities of both parties through subcontracting. The subcontractor shall be responsible to the general contractor, who shall be fully responsible to the owner.
(2) Joint contracting. This way means that two or more construction contracting enterprises sign contracts with the owners to jointly complete the construction tasks, and share profits and risks according to their respective capital investment, manpower share or nature.
(3) Design and construction combination and contract mode. This way is that the design institute and the construction enterprise jointly contract, and * * * is responsible for completing the design and construction tasks of the project. Because the integration of design and construction can reduce the signing and change of intermediate contracts, advance the commencement date, speed up the progress of the project, and has good economic benefits, it is more and more used in China, and the construction enterprises in the United States and Japan are also adopting this operation mode.
3. Commercialization.
This mode, also known as turnkey mode, belongs to development mode and integrated operation mode. Although the names are different, they all mean that the regional construction committee or the competent department will contract the construction project to a construction enterprise (such as a development company), and the construction enterprise will be responsible for all the construction work, including planning, design, construction and turnkey for users to use, and implement integrated management. This method is widely used in civil construction. Its advantages are enhancing the sense of self-reliance and responsibility of construction enterprises, reducing the burden of owners, reducing the contradictions between units, saving manpower and material resources, helping to speed up construction and improve economic benefits.
4. Joint command mode.
This method is generally used in some large and complex industrial construction projects. Project department, construction unit, design unit, construction and installation enterprise, etc. * * * Send someone to form a joint (on-site) headquarters to be fully responsible for the construction tasks of this project.
Question 4: The operation mode of our company. What should I fill in this project? Fill in the nature of your company, such as limited company.
Question 5: What do you mean by the operation mode of the construction company? The contract mode refers to the economic relationship between the project contractor (usually the tenderer) and the contractor (usually the winning bidder). There are many ways of contracting, which are restricted by the contract content and specific environmental conditions. The main classification is shown in the figure.
(1) According to the scope (content) of the contract.
According to the scope of project contracting, that is, the content of contracting, there are four contracting methods: whole process contracting, stage contracting, special contracting and "build-operate-transfer" contracting.
1. The whole process of construction contracting
The whole construction process contract is also called "general contract" or "general contract", which is usually called "turnkey". By adopting this contracting method, as long as the construction unit generally puts forward the use requirements and completion time limit, the contractor can carry out the whole process and all-round general contracting for project proposal, feasibility study, survey and design, equipment inquiry and purchase, material ordering, engineering construction, production personnel training until completion and production, and be responsible for the overall management, coordination and supervision of all subcontracted tasks. In order to facilitate the connection between construction and production, if necessary, we can also absorb part of the strength of the construction unit and participate in the related work of engineering construction under the unified organization of the contractor. This contracting method requires close cooperation between the contracting parties; Major issues involving decision-making nature should still be decided by the construction unit or its superior competent department. This contracting method is mainly suitable for all kinds of large and medium-sized construction projects. Its advantages are that it can accumulate construction experience, make full use of existing experience, save investment, shorten construction period, ensure construction quality and improve economic benefits. Of course, the contractor is also required to have strong technical and economic strength and rich experience in organization and management. In order to meet this requirement, some large foreign contractors often form an integrated contracting company with survey and design units, or further expand to a number of professional contractors and equipment manufacturers to form a horizontal economic consortium. This is a new trend in the development of construction industry in recent decades. Since the reform and opening up, the general contracting companies of construction projects established by various departments and localities in China belong to this kind of contracting units.
2. Stage contracting
The content of the stage contract is the work of a certain stage or stages in the construction process. Such as feasibility study, survey and design, building installation and construction. In the construction stage, according to the different contents of the contract, it can be divided into three ways:
(1) contractors and materials. That is, all the labor and materials used in the construction of contracted projects. This is a widely used construction contracting method in the world.
(2) Part of the contractor's package. That is, the contractor is only responsible for providing all the labor and some materials needed for construction, and the rest is supplied by the construction unit or the general contractor. Before China's reform and opening-up, the construction unit that has been in practice for many years contracted all artificial and local materials, and the construction unit was responsible for supplying unified distribution and management materials and some special materials, which belonged to this contracting method. After the reform, it gradually transitioned to the mode of contracting labor and materials.
(3) The contractor does not package materials. That is, the contractor only provides labor services and does not undertake any obligation to supply materials. This contracting method exists in construction projects at home and abroad.
3. Special contracting
The content of special contract is a special project in a certain construction stage. Because of its strong professionalism, it is mostly contracted by relevant professional contractors, so it is called professional contracting. For example, the feasibility study, engineering geological survey, water supply source survey, foundation or structural engineering design, process design, power supply system, air conditioning system, and auxiliary research projects in disaster prevention system design, equipment purchase and production technical personnel training in the construction preparation process, foundation construction, metal structure fabrication and installation, ventilation equipment, elevator installation, etc. in the construction stage.
4. Build-operate-transfer contract
BOT mode is commonly known internationally, that is, the abbreviation of build-operate-transfer. This is a new way of contracting with capital in the 1980s. Its procedure is generally led by a large contractor or developer, and the financial department forms a consortium to make suggestions and applications for a project and obtain permission to build and operate the project. These projects are generally large-scale public works and infrastructure, such as tunnels, ports, highways, power plants and so on. * * * If the proposal and application are approved, the concession of the construction and operation project will be awarded to the consortium. The consortium is responsible for all the work of fund raising, engineering design and construction; After the project is completed, it will operate during the franchise period, and recover the investment, repay the loan and make a profit by charging users; After the franchise expires, the project will be handed over to the management of * * * for free. For the country where the project is located, this way can solve the construction problem of * * * ... >>
Question 6: What modes of production and operation can enterprises adopt? Private enterprises can engage in the production and operation of industries such as industry, construction, transportation, commerce, catering, service, repair and technical consultation, as well as for-profit industries such as culture, art, tourism, sports, food, medicine and aquaculture within the scope permitted by national laws, regulations and policies. Private enterprises can focus on one industry and run other industries. Private enterprises can adopt various modes of production and operation such as self-production, purchase and sale, processing with supplied materials, retail, wholesale and retail, passenger service, freight service, valet storage and transportation, valet loading and unloading, repair service, training service and consulting service. When a private enterprise goes out of business, it shall apply to the administrative department for industry and commerce 30 days before it goes out of business, and cancel its registration after approval. When a private enterprise goes bankrupt, it is necessary to clean up its property and pay off its debts. In addition, the division, merger, transfer, relocation and change of business scope of private enterprises shall be changed and re-registered with the administrative department for industry and commerce.
Question 7: What is the business model? The business model of an enterprise is selected according to the type of your company! Japan's unique business model supported the rapid development of Japan's economy after the war. Japan's business model has the following characteristics: First, the product quality is high and the cost is low. Many Japanese companies have the belief that they can achieve the highest product quality and the lowest cost at the same time, because their own companies have adopted better management methods than their competitors. Second, with the development of standardization and mass production, enterprises have a huge production line, which can produce more new products by adding various functions and push them to the market. So we can try our best to meet the market demand. Third, Japan's unique production system structure. Just like the conveyor plate developed by Toyota Motor Corporation, product development, production and sales are a whole. By rationalizing this system, we seek to improve product quality and production efficiency and shorten delivery time. Fourth, establish a lifelong employment system. The employment system for life is adopted, so that employees can guarantee their jobs before reaching retirement age, thus enabling enterprises and employees to work together in Qi Xin. Fifth, make a decision after reaching an understanding. Adopt the decision-making method of circulating approval documents, give all managers the opportunity to express their opinions on undecided projects, encourage them to participate in the operation and improve their enthusiasm. Sixth, form the network structure of the system. The network composed of banks, supply companies and enterprises in many related industries contributes to the stable operation of enterprises. In the past, Japanese companies raised most of their assets through financing from banks and systematic banks. Mutual shareholding, so that most of the shares are held by bona fide shareholders. This method eliminates the pressure on the stock market to achieve performance in the short term. Seventh, set a long-term goal of increasing market share. Because of the lifelong employment system and stable shareholders, enterprises can consider problems from a long-term perspective and are not affected by short-term interests. Eighth, realize the diversification within the enterprise. From the perspective of entering the next development field, many Japanese enterprises have resolutely implemented measures aimed at diversifying related industries that make full use of the company's internal resources, so that the existing surplus labor has been redistributed. It can be considered that the above-mentioned business model is a model that makes the internal pace of enterprises highly consistent and is a business model suitable for that era. But there are also some problems in the process of success: first, relying on the internal business model has also led to the weakness of the Japanese business model. In other words, Japan's business model only develops according to a specific model, which hinders the emergence of other development models, and this model is not helpful for new forms of competition and new business fields. In addition, when there are some defects in the business model and the system model needs to be improved, the whole business model must be rebuilt. Second, even successful enterprises have low returns. Many enterprises sacrifice their long-term interests in order to expand their market share. Due to the acquiescence of shareholders, many operators call the loss-making department a sound loss-making department, which not only fails to realize the surplus, but also drags down the rate of return. These potential problems are exposed with the collapse of the bubble economy. For the problem of declining economic growth rate, Japanese enterprises have not solved the problems existing in their own undertakings, but adopted diversified practices in areas with low correlation with them. In addition, in order to solve the problem of low income, Japanese enterprises have adopted the practice of transferring production equipment overseas with cheap labor. In order to survive in the 2 1 century, enterprises must change their business models. Let's talk about specific methods first. (1) establishing a strategy What is most needed at present is to formulate an enterprise strategy and clarify its uniqueness with other competitive enterprises. The biggest drawback of Japanese enterprises in formulating strategies is that they pay too much attention to the formation of knowledge in the old model. It takes a long time to form a * * * knowledge, which not only affects the speed of strategy implementation, but also makes it difficult to implement bold and unique strategies. The third drawback is that after * * * published his own ideas, many enterprises thought it would be a potential new economic growth field, so they flocked to this industry. The fourth disadvantage is the existence of system groups. Each system group has trading companies, fiber, chemical, steel, food and other industries. It is speculated that this institutional structure may unconsciously hinder Japanese enterprises from establishing unique strategies.
Question 8: What is the operating mode? Mode of operation refers to the ways and methods adopted by enterprises in their business activities, such as mining, manufacturing, wholesale, retail, consulting, leasing and agency. The management mode is the expression of the relationship between the owner and the operator. For example, enterprises owned by the whole people in China were directly operated by the state before the system reform, and the ownership and management rights were integrated, so they were called state-owned enterprises; After the system reform, enterprises operate independently, and ownership and management rights are separated, so they are called state-owned enterprises. Management mode is the concrete form of economic unit management. Such as perennial operation or seasonal operation, fixed operation or mobile operation. Operation type: 1. Self-produced and sold. Refers to the sale of products produced by private enterprises. This mode of operation of enterprises is generally small, mostly for some craftsmen, such as shoe stores, clothing stores and so on. Most of them are front shops and back factories, producing and selling. 2. Trading on a commission basis. It refers to a commercial activity in the form of contract, which is entrusted by people to buy and sell on their behalf. This mode of operation is more flexible and its business scope is wider. Most of them are agricultural and sideline products, which need a certain business site, and operators charge a certain handling fee from them. Operators who purchase and sell on a commission basis should have credibility. Processing with supplied materials, processing with samples and assembling with supplied parts. Processing with supplied materials is to change the shapes, properties, surface conditions and uses of raw materials and semi-finished products and process them into products as required; Sample processing refers to processing according to the requirements of the order and the design requirements of the drawings and orders, and supplying products to the ordering party after molding; Assembly with supplied materials is to assemble the parts provided by the other party into products according to the requirements of the contract. No matter what kind of business model, enterprises must sign contracts to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties. 3. wholesale. In commercial activities, goods are sold in batches, and their prices are not lower than those of retail goods. Sales targets are commodity operators and retailers, and they are not directly sold to final consumers. Wholesale goods need certain storage equipment, storage and transportation conditions and more funds. 4. Retail. Refers to the bulk purchase of goods, sporadic sales, sales target for the final consumer maintenance industry. Repair damaged ships, facilities and articles to their original state or achieve their original functional purposes. 5. Transportation industry. It is divided into passenger transport and freight transport, and it is also divided into non-motor vehicle transport or motor vehicle transport, ship transport, railway, road transport and water transport due to different modes of transport. Private enterprises do not operate railway transportation. 6. Advisory services. Consulting service is a rising industry in recent years. Private enterprises use their own scientific and technological knowledge in a certain field to provide services, experience, materials, data and design for customers, so that customers can gain knowledge and benefits in consultation. Strictly speaking, there is no so-called company, only individuals operate independently, in partnership, limited liability companies, and LLC (a relatively new form, called joint-stock limited liability company). ) Individuals operate independently Some people feel that their names are not suitable for doing business. Although they can't say why, they print business cards and brochures with their company names. There is nothing wrong with this method, which is adopted by many companies. But you must go to the local * * * department to register this name, because after that, you will no longer do business as an individual. You want to do company business. This form is quite common, especially in some very small enterprises. Under the mode of individual independent operation, employees can be hired, but they must obey the management regulations of * * * *; You can borrow money, but as an individual, you have to pay taxes. Thirdly, under the mode of individual independent operation, everyone has to pay personal income tax. Individual independent management mode is suitable for those who are willing to make others feel more like a company. Very ideal. But with some employees, the situation becomes complicated. If a company is owned by two or more groups, then the company can adopt the form of partnership. There are two kinds of partnership: one is a common generalized partnership, and partners should actively participate in their joint ownership and operation of the company. The other is partnership in a narrow sense. There is a kind of partner in a broad sense, who is responsible for the daily management of the company and also for the financial work of the company. There are also one or more narrow partners who do not participate in the daily operation of the company and their obligations are limited to investing a certain amount of money. Editor: Chen Jinkang
Question 9: What are the organizational forms of the company? What is the purpose of enterprise management? What you should ask is what are the organizational forms of enterprises?
The organizational forms of enterprises mainly include: sole proprietorship, partnership and corporate enterprise, and the company is a kind of enterprise.
Specific corporate enterprises can be divided into limited liability companies and joint stock limited companies.
The purpose of enterprise management is to make profits.
Question 10: What are the business operation modes? First of all, according to the position of enterprises in the industrial chain, the enterprise operation modes are classified:
1, production OEM (spindle) business model
The characteristic of this kind of business model enterprises is that enterprises, as suppliers of enterprises in the middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain, generally process products according to customers' orders. In the market, they are sold under the signs of other companies. Enterprises are only responsible for the production of one or more products or parts in a certain industry, but most of them involve product sales and product design.
2, design+sales (dumbbell) business model
This business model is just the opposite of the production OEM business model. Enterprises do not participate in any business in the production field, but are only responsible for design and sales. Enterprises design products and services that customers need in the market, and then look for corresponding production OEM. It requires enterprises to have strong design and sales capabilities and well-known brands. This kind of enterprise is closely related to the market, sensitive to market trends and customer needs, and is the fastest enterprise to respond to the market.
3. Business model of production+sales
Production enterprises that adopt this business model are the most common, and enterprises involve the latter two parts of business process: production and sales. For product design, for some reason, the enterprise did not involve it. In this node of enterprises, the competition between enterprises is fierce. The business structure diagram is shown in Figure 4.
4. Business model of design+production+sales
This is a business model involving many nodes in the industrial chain. Enterprises adopting this business model are characterized by their ability to develop new products. According to the market demand, the enterprise develops the products needed by its own market and transforms the previous products at the same time; In manufacturing, enterprises have certain manufacturing capabilities, and the flexibility of manufacturing equipment is relatively good. The developed new products can be produced by existing equipment, or there are enough funds to build new production lines. Establish your own customer base for your products through your own marketing system.
5. Types of information services
A typical information service enterprise is a consulting company. This kind of enterprise or company does not involve all activities of manufacturing industry, but it is closely related to manufacturing industry to a great extent.
Second, the enterprise operation mode is divided according to the business scope of the enterprise:
1, single business model
Single operation, also known as specialized operation, means that an enterprise only designs, produces or sells in one product field, and its business scope is relatively single. The advantage of this business model is that the market scope faced by enterprises is relatively limited, and they can concentrate resources on competition; The risk is that many competitors may realize the effectiveness of the single-minded business strategy and imitate this model.
2. Diversified business model
Diversified business models can be divided into three basic types: centralized diversification, horizontal diversification and mixed diversification.