With the rapid development of modern urban economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the pressure of life and work is increasing; After intense work and study, people need a green space away from the noisy city to relax.
Therefore, the open garden space in the city is more and more favored by people. The landscape lighting design of this "urban oasis" has also been raised to a higher and higher position. Below I have arranged the basic skills of landscape lighting design for you, hoping to help you!
First, the general steps of landscape lighting design:
(a) Analysis of relevant information;
1. Understand the culture and history of the city where the garden is located; Investigate the landscape lighting characteristics of similar gardens around.
2. Understand the landscape design orientation of landscape designers.
(two) put forward the design concept;
1. Analyze the surrounding environment and landscape features of the garden, and summarize and extract the useful elements for landscape lighting design.
2. Put forward the concept of landscape lighting design.
(3) lighting analysis;
1. Through the analysis of the tour route, according to the primary and secondary relationship between the tour route and the landscape nodes on the tour route, the visual focus of the objective garden can be obtained. (Briefly introduce the realization of functional lighting)
2. Analyze the function of landscape nodes, and deduce the design style of each node in the garden and the brightness that must be achieved when landscape lighting is implemented.
3. Main scene analysis: according to the route analysis of the garden and the function analysis of the landscape nodes, several main viewpoints in the garden are extracted to form a large visual scene.
(D) deepen the lighting design
In the process of deepening the design, the landscape lighting design of each scene must closely follow the overall design concept. Under the guidance of the above landscape lighting analysis, the design is carried out according to the relationship between primary and secondary landscape nodes, the intensity of landscape lighting and the order of observation.
Second, the design performance of different types of landscape:
(a) Night lighting of buildings
The most commonly used night lighting of buildings includes floodlighting, contour lighting and internal light transmission lighting.
The floodlighting of the building facade is to directly illuminate the building facade with floodlights according to a certain angle of design and calculation, and reshape the image of the building at night. Its effect can not only show the whole picture of the building, but also effectively show the shape, three-dimensional sense, decorative stone and material texture, and even decorative details of the building.
Floodlighting does not simply reproduce the daytime image of buildings, but uses the means of projecting light, color and shadow to reshape the more moving, beautiful and magnificent image of buildings at night.
Building outline lighting is to directly outline the building outline with line light sources (string lights, neon lights, Minolta lights, light tubes, LED light strips, whole-body light-emitting optical fibers, etc.). ). Illuminating the edges of buildings with narrow beam lights can also play a role in outlining.
Floodlight lighting
Internal light transmission illumination
Contour illumination
Interior transparent lighting is the use of indoor light or lamps installed in special locations to transmit light from the interior of the building, forming a delicate night lighting effect.
(2) Night lighting of the square
The shape and area of the square are amorphous and changeable, and the lighting must be based on the premise of meeting the functional lighting and give full play to the functions of the square according to its inherent characteristics.
Square landscape lighting, first of all, we should unify the landscape lighting of buildings around the square with the lighting of the square part, coordinate the lighting of the square and the roads around the square, and unify the inherent culture.
Square lighting mainly includes fountain, square ground and signs, tree array, underground shopping mall or subway entrance lighting and surrounding green space, flower beds and other environmental lighting.
(3) Night lighting of bridges
Modern bridges are mostly modern cable-stayed bridges, including twin towers and single towers. Cable-stayed bridges are characterized by cables. The lighting of the bridge will focus on this feature. With different lamps and unique artistic techniques, a huge harp stands on the river.
In order to set off the overall effect of the festive atmosphere of the bridge, 1 art lamps can be placed every 4-5 meters along the road on both sides of the bridge to make them become a string of shining pearl necklaces.
The floodlighting of the main tower facade can be divided into three aspects: from bottom to top, it is most important to make the whole main tower crystal clear, flawless and magnificent.
In order to make the main tower fully illuminated and have a good perspective effect, a platform should be set under the road surface, and the tower foundation above the water surface should be illuminated from top to bottom by floodlights, so that the lighting effect of the tower is like a giant standing on the river.
(4) Landscape lighting of the tower
The tower body is usually composed of several basic parts, such as foundation, tower body and top of the tower, forming a harmonious whole. The architect gave each part a corresponding meaning when designing. They all have corresponding functions. From an aesthetic point of view, their aesthetic value lies in erecting a landmark for a region. Therefore, the complete lighting performance of each part of the tower is very important. If only one part is displayed, or one part is more popular than the other, it will alienate the overall image of the tower.
The lighting setting of each part of the tower should consider the demand of viewing. The top of the tower is usually a long-distance viewing, and the brightness of the lights should be appropriately higher; The tower body is often a part with rich details and bearing architectural style. Therefore, it is necessary to choose targeted lighting techniques, carefully depict the components and carvings of the tower body, and highlight the main parts of the tower body with emphasized lighting techniques. The tower foundation is a part close to people, and the lighting performance of this part is to complete the integrity of the tower image. Their lighting should take into account people's feelings when they watch at close range, and the configuration of lighting brightness, light tone and light projection direction should aim at people's visual comfort. As far as the whole tower is concerned, the illumination of illumination light should be gradually increased from bottom to top, which can create a sense of towering and conform to the visual law of people watching the scenery.
(5) Landscape lighting of overpass
Overpasses are often located on urban main roads, which are an important part of the overall effect of urban landscape lighting. Looking at the overpass from a distant height, it is a lane that goes up and down and then spreads around. The image of the driveway is mainly expressed by the railings beside the driveway. Overpass is a multi-level and multi-lane vertical overlap, and the relationship between the depth of the performance level can truly reflect the landscape charm of overpass.
Green space should be set up in the overpass area, which plays an important role in regulating the landscape environment of the bridge area and should be fully utilized.
Looking at the panoramic pattern of the overpass from a height, not only the outline of the lane edge line, but also the lighting composition and sculpture in the green space, as well as the bright lines formed by the street lamps in the bridge area. These lighting elements are integrated to form an organic whole picture.
(6) Water landscape lighting
Waterscape is an important part of garden landscape. There are many forms of waterscape, including large lakes with open water and rippling blue waves, and waterscape such as streams, fountains, waterfalls and cement pools.
The night lighting method of water surface mainly uses the real scene of water surface landscaping and the lighting of trees and railings on the shore to form a reflection on the water surface. The reflection and the real scene set each other off into interest, and the dynamic effect of the reflection makes people full of interest and beauty.
For fountains and waterfalls, underwater lighting can light up underwater lights of the same or different colors according to a certain pattern, which is magical and interesting.
(7) Tree landscape lighting
Trees are one of the four elements of landscape architecture. There are many kinds of trees, which not only beautify the environment for people to watch, but also have the function of regulating and protecting the environment. Lighting should be treated differently according to the height, size, appearance and color of trees.
(8) Functional lighting of roads in the park
Lighting method of roads in the garden: the road is the vein of the garden, guiding tourists to various scenic spots from the entrance. The path twists and turns, creating an effect of walking in different scenes and winding paths. Lighting methods should be closely related to this feature.
(9) Landscape lighting of sculpture sketches
Sculpture sketches and signs in gardens are decorative; The other is commemorative. Lighting should be projected from the side from top to bottom according to the characteristics of sculpture, especially for the key parts such as head, expression, material, color and surrounding environment, so as to create a lighting effect with true expression, suitable luster and strong three-dimensional effect. Narrow beam lamps with suitable light sources should be selected to avoid the direction of tourists' sight and prevent glare interference.
(10) Landscape Lighting of Ancient Buildings
China's classical architecture is unique, self-contained, and has its own inherent characteristics in materials, modeling, plane and spatial layout. The main building is in the middle, and other buildings develop to both sides according to the central axis. The architectural form is basically composed of step base, roof and house body.
The roofs of classical buildings in China are often made into soft curves, with stilts around cornices and blue-gray tiles or glass bricks on them, which is one of the inherent characteristics of classical buildings in China. Therefore, accurately grasping this feature and highlighting it in the form of light at night is the key to the lighting of classical buildings in China.
The portal arch composed of criss-crossing terminal platforms has become a unique form of classical architecture in China. The oil painting of the arch of the beam and column door increases the aesthetic feeling of the building through colorful patterns. The use of suitable lamps and the selection of suitable light sources are the keys to the lighting of classical buildings in China.
Lighting treatment of terrace base In view of the differences in layout, modeling, color and materials between Chinese classical buildings and modern buildings, lighting, color matching and lamp modeling should be based on highlighting the characteristics of ancient buildings and strive to accurately express their unique classical architectural culture and artistic connotation.
The above is a superficial understanding of some types of landscape lighting design. In the specific design, we should use it flexibly and adopt different landscape lighting methods according to the specific situation of the design object.
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