According to the contents of the construction drawing and different types of work, it is divided into different drawings:
1. Building construction drawing: a drawing mainly used to show the planning position, external modeling, interior room layout, interior and exterior decoration structure and structural requirements of a building.
The main maps include: building homepage, construction site plan, building plan, building elevation, building profile and building details (the main details include external wall profile, stairs, doors and windows, kitchen and bathroom). Short for "Jianshi".
2. Structural construction drawing: a drawing that mainly shows the structural type, structural layout, component type, quantity, size and method of the building load-bearing structure.
The main drawings include: structural design description, structural layout (foundation plan, column grid plan, floor structure plan, roof structure plan, structural details (foundation profile, stair structure construction drawing, reinforcement diagram of cast-in-place components such as columns and beams). Short for "knot".
3. Installation construction drawing 3: A drawing that mainly expresses the layout and construction requirements of water supply and drainage, heating and ventilation, power supply and lighting of buildings. Therefore, the construction drawing of the device is divided into three types:
(1) Water supply and drainage construction drawing: a drawing showing the layout and spatial trend of water supply and drainage pipelines, the practices of pipelines and accessories, and the requirements for processing and installation. Including pipeline layout, pipeline system diagram, pipeline installation details and legends and construction instructions.
(2) HVAC construction drawings: drawings that mainly show the requirements of pipeline layout and construction and installation. Including pipeline layout, pipeline system diagram, pipeline installation details and legends and construction instructions.
(3) Electrical construction drawings: drawings that mainly show the direction of electrical lines and installation requirements. Including line layout, line system diagram, line installation details and legends and construction instructions. Short for "facility".
Second, the arrangement order of construction drawings
In order to facilitate access to maps and file management and construction, a complete set of building construction drawings is always arranged and bound in a certain order. For various professional maps, the following requirements should be met when compiling: (1) The basic map is in front and the detailed map is in the back; (2) First construction comes first, then construction comes last; (3) What is important comes first, and what is secondary comes last.
The arrangement order of the whole set of building drawings is as follows:
(1) Home page diagram: The home page diagram lists the catalogue of drawings, including the names, quantities and locations of various professional drawings, reflecting the arrangement order of a complete set of construction drawings for easy query.
(2) Design overview: ① Engineering design basis: construction area, unit area cost, relevant geological, hydrological and meteorological data. ② Design standards: building standards, structural load levels, seismic fortification standards, heating, ventilation and lighting standards, etc. ③ Construction requirements: construction technical requirements; Requirements for building materials, such as cement grade, concrete strength grade, brick grade, steel bar strength grade, cement mortar grade, etc.
(3) Building construction drawing: general plan-building plan (bottom plan ~ standard floor plan ~ top plan ~ roof plan)-building elevation (front elevation ~ rear elevation ~ side elevation)-building section-building detail (kitchen and bathroom detail ~ roof detail ~ exterior wall detail ~ stairs detail ~ doors and windows detail ~ installation node detail), etc.
(4) Structural construction drawing: structural design description-foundation plan-foundation detail drawing-structural plan (floor plan ~ roof plan)-component detail drawing (stair structure construction drawing ~ reinforcement drawing of cast-in-place components).
(5) Water supply and drainage construction drawing: pipeline plan-pipeline system diagram-pipeline processing and installation details-legend and construction instructions.
(6) HVAC construction drawing: pipeline plan-pipeline system diagram-pipeline processing and installation details-legend and construction instructions.
(7) Electrical construction drawing: line plan-line system diagram-line installation details-legend and construction instructions.
Third, the characteristics of building drawings
1. Most drawings are drawn by orthographic projection method.
2. Drawing with a smaller scale: The common drawing scales for basic drawing are 1: 100, or 1: 50 or 1: 200, and the general drawing scales are 1: 500 and1:6544. For example, 1: 2, 1: 5, 1: 10, 1: 20, 1: 30, etc. When drawing, it should be reduced relative to the size of the building.
3. Use legend symbols to represent the structure, fittings and materials of the house: Because the drawing scale is small, the structure, fittings and materials of the house are all represented by legend symbols. Look at the construction drawing, you must be familiar with the relevant legends of the building.
Four, the reading method of building drawings
1, basic requirements: (1) Have the basic knowledge of orthographic projection, and master the basic laws of point, line and plane orthographic projection.
(2) Be familiar with the meanings of legends, symbols, linetypes, sizes and proportions commonly used in construction drawings.
(3) be familiar with the basic situation of the composition and structure of houses for various purposes.
2. Reading methods When reading, we should proceed from the overall situation and read from coarse to fine according to the arrangement order of construction drawings.
(1) Look at the home page first: From the list of drawings on the home page, we can know what kinds of professional drawings this set of building drawings consists of, how many professional drawings there are, and the name and number of each drawing.
(2) Read the design overview: from it, we can understand the design basis, design standards and basic requirements in construction, and also know what is not drawn in the drawings but the designer thinks should be explained.
(3) Read the construction drawing-structure construction drawing-device construction drawing one by one.
(4) When reading all kinds of professional drawings, we should read the basic drawings and detailed drawings to see the main contents expressed by all kinds of professional drawings.
(5) If there is any contradiction between the building construction drawing and the structural construction drawing, the structural construction drawing shall prevail (component size) to ensure the strength and construction quality of the building.
Construction drawings include architectural drawings, structural drawings, water and electricity installation, etc. Architectural drawing is the completed architectural appearance, east, west, south, north, slope and so on. Just like whether your clothes look good or not, what brand to wear and what quality clothes to wear. The structural diagram is equivalent to your skeleton. Architectural drawings mainly reflect the size and shape of the building and determine the shape and function of the building. The structural diagram mainly expresses that the building function can be completed. Mainly based on the size and structure data that meet the function.
—— Excerpted from Baidu Library
What aspects does the house decoration include? Anxin Floor reminds you that general house decoration includes the following contents:
1, hydropower project, including the installation and laying of all waterway circuits and gas paths.
Materials include strong and weak wires, water pipes, windpipes, threading pipes, bottom boxes and locks.
2. Masonry part, including brick and floor tile laying of living room, bathroom, kitchen and balcony, leveling of bedroom floor, backfilling of bathroom and waterproofing of kitchen and bathroom.
Materials include cement, river sand and waterproof coating.
3. Wall surface and top flour brushing project, including scraping and polishing the top surface of wall surface and brushing latex paint.
Materials include putty powder, glue, primer and topcoat.
4. Installation part, including lamp installation, switch socket installation, general sanitary ware installation and hardware installation.
5, doors and windows, finished product protection, daily cleaning, site garbage cleaning, temporary facilities, transportation and handling of basic materials.
6. After the construction, sign the contract warranty and enter the warranty period.
According to the national regulations, if there are problems in all construction projects during the warranty period, the decoration company is responsible for proposing solutions and maintaining them free of charge.
Social omnibearing includes several aspects, including politics, economy, culture and people's livelihood.
In other words, the requirements mentioned by a well-off society are "more developed economy, more sound democracy, more advanced science and education, more prosperous culture, more harmonious society and more affluent people's lives".
Equipment safety management includes several aspects. And specifically talk about these aspects. One is the security of the device itself. Such as: protective cover of transmission part, quality of power cord, line direction, position of switch and protective cover, water and electricity oil circuit, regular or daily maintenance of equipment, personal management and maintenance, etc.
The second is to set the impact of an acre on the surrounding area. The influence of placement position on aisles and passages, the influence of noise, drainage, sewage and exhaust, the influence of dust and curtain shooting, etc.
There are many details, which can only be said roughly, because different devices have different management methods.
Tourism cognition includes several aspects. First, ask in advance. Places you want to go, routes recommended by travel agencies, etc.
Second, sign the contract tour route, itinerary and price, contract and contract content, be sure to read the terms clearly, and ask about accommodation, meals, car use, etc. Many travel agencies are playing the edge ball, but in fact it is not the same as advertised.
3. Payment method: Pay in full in advance, or pay in part, or wait for how long you come back.
Artistic features include several aspects. The basic characteristics of art: visualization, subjectivity and aesthetics.
First, the image
1. Artistic image is the unity of objective and subjective;
2. Artistic image is the unity of content and form;
3. Artistic image is the unity of individuality and individuality.
Second, subjectivity.
1. The characteristic of artistic creation is subjectivity;
2. Works of art are subjective;
3. Art appreciation is subjective.
Third, aesthetics.
1. Artistic aesthetics is the concentrated expression of human aesthetic consciousness;
2. The aesthetics of art is the crystallization of truth, goodness and beauty;
3. Artistic aesthetics is the unity of content beauty and form beauty.
The management of drugs includes several aspects. 1, management responsibilities, including system improvement, formulation and implementation of rules and regulations, etc.
2. Personnel management, including personnel, training and health management.
3 facilities and equipment, including their perfection, maintenance and use.
4. Quality management is divided into two parts. One is procurement acceptance, including qualification review, procurement acceptance, rejection and withdrawal, and quality information. ; The second is storage and maintenance, including standardized display, inspection and maintenance, quality problem handling and nonconforming product management.
5. Sales services, including sales registration, return management and adverse reactions.
Probably these five aspects.
What are the contents of architectural engineering design? Architectural design is a process completed by the cooperation of various professions. Majors are divided into architecture, structure, plumbing, electricity, air conditioning, intelligent information automation and so on.
Corporate legal affairs include several aspects. Lawyers' non-litigation cases include several aspects, so it is difficult to generalize. The company's legal affairs include not only the drafting and review of daily legal files, but also business negotiations and litigation. Lawyers' non-litigation includes not only the handling of general daily legal files, but also the listing, merger and reorganization of enterprises. To put it bluntly, where the law is needed, there is a lawyer's business.
The main contents of on-site visa include several aspects. The skill of the construction unit to fill in the project visa form involves that the filling of the fee visa should be conducive to the valuation and settlement. Contents to be filled in under different pricing modes: If there is a visa settlement agreement, the contents to be filled in should be consistent with the pricing caliber agreed in the agreement; If there is no visa agreement, it shall be priced according to the original contract pricing terms or with reference to the original agreement pricing method. In addition, the visa method should be handled around the calculation rules of valuation basis (such as quota) as far as possible.
Visa content of various contracts. The adjustable price contract must have at least the signed quantity, and the fixed price contract must have at least the signed quantity and unit price; The cost plus compensation contract shall at least include labor, materials (material specifications should be indicated), machinery (mechanical fleet to cooperate with labor costs) and expenses. If you can draw as many pictures as possible. In addition, the visa should indicate the pre-tax expenses or after-tax expenses.
At the same time, pay attention to the priority of the following contents:
1, it is best not to sign the unit price if you can sign the total price directly; (unless the amount is extremely large)
2. It is best not to sign the project quantity if you can sign the unit price directly;
3. It is best not to sign facts (including directly signing quantities) if you can sign the results directly;
4. It is best not to attach drawings if you can sign a written explanation;