65438-0992 The former Design Institute of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (now Zhongxun Post and Telecommunications Consulting and Design Institute Co., Ltd.) cooperated with Guangzhou Telecommunication Bureau to successfully complete the research and test of the centralized monitoring system of communication power supply in Guangzhou long-distance hub building. With the development of the maintenance system of telecommunication bureau (station) to unattended and unattended, many provinces and cities have also carried out the research and implementation of centralized power monitoring system.
The early construction of dynamic ring monitoring system was mainly based on the fixed local network of China Telecom, and generally a three-level network structure (monitoring unit SU, regional monitoring center SS and regional monitoring center SC) was built in a region. At that time, the construction of dynamic monitoring system was in its infancy, and there were many monitoring manufacturers. Sometimes an area is built by several monitoring manufacturers, and it is impossible to achieve interconnection. The technical level of monitoring manufacturers is uneven, and the builders have no construction experience, so the dynamic ring monitoring system built in many areas can not meet the needs of daily maintenance.
Since 1996, the former General Administration of Telecommunications of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications has issued a large number of monitoring technical specifications, such as Technical Requirements for Centralized Monitoring Management System of Communication Power Supply and Air Conditioning in Computer Rooms and Technical Requirements for Centralized Monitoring System of Communication Power Supply and Air Conditioning (Interim Provisions). And began to evaluate and test some manufacturers' dynamic monitoring systems running in the network, which played a positive role in eliminating some manufacturers with low technical level and unstable systems.
During the development of monitoring system, some early monitoring manufacturers directly used mature industrial control software from other countries and regions for secondary development, and the bottom layer used general industrial control acquisition equipment, which quickly occupied the market in a certain period of time. However, due to the lack of core technology, these systems can not meet higher requirements in function. With the expansion of the scale of domestic dynamic monitoring manufacturers, the self-developed monitoring products are more in line with the maintenance needs of domestic communication bureaus (stations), and the quality and performance are constantly improving, with high cost performance and strong competitiveness, and have become the mainstream manufacturers of domestic dynamic monitoring systems.
It's about ten years from the beginning of construction to 2008. In this decade, with the gradual increase of communication scale and the continuous innovation of communication network, the construction purpose and application function of dynamic environmental monitoring have changed greatly. Initially, various monitoring manufacturers built centralized monitoring systems in cities, aiming at unattended local stations. The main function of the power equipment and environment in the monitoring station is to follow the principle of more supervision and less control to avoid accidents.
With the maturity of dynamic monitoring system technology and the increase of monitoring stations, this single function has been far from meeting the needs of power equipment maintenance, and has been divided into various value-added applications, such as various power equipment management, resource system management, image monitoring, intelligent access control and so on.
In the way of management, a little duty and more maintenance mechanism has also been formed. This mechanism requires that the monitoring information of each city be gathered together to form a centralized monitoring center, where the monitoring and fault maintenance of the whole system can be completed.
With the maturity of market application and the update of demand, the dynamic monitoring system requires the following basic functions:
The power equipment in the machine room is connected to the power environment monitoring system through intelligent data interfaces (RS232, RS485, RS422) or additional acquisition and sensing equipment, so as to realize the functions of normal state monitoring, abnormal state prediction, online intelligent fault diagnosis and so on.
The working environment of power equipment, servers, transmission and exchange equipment, such as temperature and humidity, water leakage, fire protection and other environmental parameters monitoring, room air conditioning monitoring, etc. are connected to the power environment monitoring system to realize real-time data monitoring, alarm threshold setting and alarm prediction, and take corresponding treatment strategies in combination with emergency plans to ensure that the working environment is in a healthy state and provide a strong guarantee for the reliable operation of equipment.
As an important area, the security environment of the computer room needs to be connected to the power environment monitoring system to realize the functions of access control management, intrusion alarm management, video monitoring, IP intercom and so on, so as to ensure the security of the computer room, realize remote unattended management and save human resources.
Computer room servers and network equipment (switches, routers, switches, etc. ) Support SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), access to the power environment monitoring system, realize the monitoring of the working state of equipment, set the alarm threshold to realize the early warning function, and grasp the health index of each equipment providing core services in time.
The monitoring system should support flexible networking modes, and can set up a monitoring network according to the resources provided by the site, and support networking modes such as field data buses (RS485, RS422, RS232, etc.). )、TCP/IP、E 1、ADSL、GPRS、3G(EVDO、HSDA、WCDMA)。
For decentralized computer rooms, the principles of distributed application, centralized monitoring and unified management should be adopted to realize unattended computer rooms. The dynamic ring monitoring system adopts the basic structure of cascade. For an area, it is generally composed of monitoring center (SC- monitoring center), regional monitoring center (SS- monitoring station), monitoring unit (Su- monitoring unit) and monitoring module (SM- monitoring module).
In the system structure diagram, each part is defined as follows.
The setting of monitoring center (SC) is to meet the requirements of centralized monitoring, centralized maintenance and centralized management. The construction of dynamic monitoring system can be relatively independent, or it can become a part of integrated network management according to maintenance requirements. The dynamic ring network monitoring system can interact with other network management information through the D interface of monitoring centers at all levels, and can also be incorporated into the integrated network management system.
Regional Monitoring Center (SS) is set up according to the management requirements of local counties and districts, and is responsible for the management of monitoring units within its jurisdiction. For fixed telephone network, the concept of regional monitoring center is county/district. At present, the construction of SS is gradually changing to the way of anti-pulling terminal, and its function is weakening. For the mobile network, because its networking is different from the fixed local network, this level was weakened or even cancelled in the early stage of construction.
The monitoring unit (SU) is the smallest subsystem of the monitoring system, which consists of multiple monitoring modules and other auxiliary equipment. The monitoring range is generally an independent communication station.
Monitoring module (SM) refers to the equipment that completes specific equipment management functions and provides corresponding monitoring information. For example, at present, various control modules of power equipment with communication interfaces have the function of monitoring and managing the equipment, and can interact with external information at the same time, which belongs to the category of monitoring modules.
In practical application, different operators put forward different networking structures according to their own characteristics, and redefined each part.
transmission mode
For any kind of monitoring system, obtaining monitoring data is the ultimate goal of monitoring, and transmission mode is an indispensable means to achieve this goal. The networking, scale and monitoring content of the monitoring system are closely related to the transmission mode. In the monitoring system, different transmission modes can be adopted between different network layers.
(1) tranSMission mode between monitoring module (sm) and monitoring unit (SU)
The monitoring module (SM) and the monitoring unit (SU) are located at the monitoring site, with a close distance. Generally, a dedicated data bus is adopted, and the physical interface and transmission rate can be selected in the following ways:
a)v . 1 1/RS 422 1.2 kbit/s ~ 48 kbit/s；
b)v . 10/RS 423 1.2 kbit/s ~ 48 kbit/s；
c)RS485 1.2 kbit/s ~ 48 kbit/s；
d)v . 24/v . 28/RS232-C 1.2 kbit/s ~ 19.2 kbit/s；
For example, the same direction port of 703 64kbit/s;
f)RJ45 10BASE-T， 10BASE-5 10Mbit/s .
Among the above physical interfaces, RS232 and RS485/422 are the most widely used. Geographically speaking, the monitoring unit (SU) is not in the same place as the monitoring centers at all levels. According to the size of the communication station where the monitoring unit (SU) is located, the transmission resources that can be provided for the monitoring system are very different. For a large communication bureau, the transmission resources from the monitoring unit (SU) to the monitoring centers at all levels (SS or SC) are very rich. For small sites such as base stations and modular offices, the transmission resources are relatively limited; For optical fiber relay stations, transmission resources are relatively scarce.
Therefore, according to different situations, on the basis that the transmission system is stable, reliable and meets the bandwidth requirements, the original transmission resources should be used to build a scientific and reasonable network structure.
In the actual monitoring project, some stations can provide multiple transmission resources at the same time, which requires us to choose according to the requirements of the project. At present, IP network, 2M or 2M extraction time slot, unidirectional ring (chain) and bidirectional protection ring networking, wireless networking, auxiliary channel on optical cable or microwave transmission equipment and 6-channel optical fiber transmission are commonly used.