First, the great significance of strengthening the cost management of hydropower projects
Capital construction of water conservancy and hydropower plays a very important role in the development of national economy. Since 1995, China has invested more than 20 billion yuan in water conservancy infrastructure every year, with an average annual growth rate of about 20%. Giving full play to the economic benefits of this fund is of great significance to China's economic construction.
1. Strengthening the cost management of hydropower projects is an important basis for the correct decision-making of the project. Before investing in a construction project, a feasibility study should be conducted to fully discuss the feasibility and rationality of its technology. At this stage, investment estimation is an important basis for economic analysis.
2. Strengthening the cost management of hydropower project is a scientific method to control the project cost in the early stage. In the feasibility study and preliminary design stage of the project, control the project scale, project scope and design standards. Through the technical and economic comparison and optimization of the design scheme, the project cost is controlled in the early stage.
3. Strengthening the cost management of hydropower projects is the basic premise to preliminarily estimate the scale of project investment and macro-control objectives. In the preliminary design stage, the project investment plan compiled according to the current relevant cost standards and quotas is the basis for the state or owners to determine the scale of capital construction investment. The preliminary budgetary estimate reflects the sum of the cost of compiling the price level and the average productivity level of the construction market in the preliminary design stage of the construction project, including the static total investment and the dynamic total investment forecast, but the budgetary estimate investment cannot be broken at will during the construction period. If the budget estimate is accurate, the investment scale of replication construction will be easy to control, which is conducive to the smooth construction of the project; On the other hand, if the total cost is low, the scale of capital construction will be out of control and the financial balance will be destroyed.
4. Strengthening the cost management of hydropower projects is a necessary condition for raising construction funds. At present, the investment in water conservancy project construction has formed a diversified pattern. Mainly manifested in financial investment, loan financing and utilization of foreign capital by governments at all levels. The proportion of each investment is closely related to the total investment of the project. If the total investment is inaccurate or disproportionate, it will inevitably affect the availability of construction funds and the repayment of loans during the operation period.
5. Strengthening the cost management of hydropower projects is a powerful lever to implement project bidding. The formulation of bidding is the main content of the construction management system of water conservancy and hydropower projects, and the reasonable base price and bidding quotation are the key links to implement the bidding system. Reasonable pre-tender estimate provides an important basis for selecting the best contractor, which can avoid unfair competition such as blind asking price and competitive price reduction, thus protecting the legitimate interests of all parties and laying a good foundation for the smooth progress of the project construction.
6. Strengthening the cost management of hydropower projects is the key factor of project cost control. The scientific cost control method is to distinguish the subjective and objective factors affecting the use of funds, calculate and adjust the investment affected by objective factors, and avoid the influence of subjective factors. Standardizing contract adjustment and appropriate treatment methods and promoting friendly cooperation between owners and contractors are conducive to the smooth development of the project.
Second, the main factors behind the current hydropower project cost management
1. The field of project cost management completely entered the market economy operation system relatively late. Due to the late start of informatization in China, the application of information technology in project cost management has been affected to some extent, which is manifested in the lack of unified standards for letter package collection and timeliness, and the insufficient and effective use of information; The software development is repetitive, the function is single, the degree of intelligence is low, and each software is independent of each other and cannot be enjoyed. Internet technology is not used skillfully, and there is no unified project cost management system; A variety of pricing methods coexist; The management mode is not unified, and the whole process management of project cost cannot be realized. The above problems have seriously restricted the development pace of project cost management in China, but the progress of information technology has brought historic opportunities to solve these problems. At present, China is actively promoting the valuation method of bill of quantities. In this mode, how to use advanced information technology for project cost management is in the stage of exploration and development.
2. The engineering valuation method is not scientific enough. At present, China adopts the budget to determine the project cost, that is, the direct cost is calculated according to the quota, the indirect cost, profit and tax are calculated according to the charging standard, and then the project cost is finally obtained according to the relevant documents. This procedure and method are still adopted. Here, the calculation basis of direct fee and indirect fee is the charging standard with reference to quota respectively. Quota includes not only the consumption of physical and materialized labor in the production process, but also the unit price corresponding to each consumption index, which belongs to the quota of "quantity and price are one"; The charging standard is determined by the state according to the qualification level of the construction enterprise. With the gradual establishment and development of the socialist market economy, there is no separation between "quantity" and "price" in the current budget quota, resulting in the contradiction between "live market" and "dead unit price", which cannot truly, timely and accurately reflect the cost of construction products in the market. In today's market economy system, price fluctuation is inevitable, even if the price of the same material is several times or even dozens of times different in the same period, different places of origin and different quality.
3. The supervision procedure of project cost management is not perfect. At present, unfair competition in construction market transactions is still very serious. It is quite common that we do not follow the rules, blindly depress the project cost, shorten the construction period, advance the project payment according to the quality, and default on the project payment, resulting in poor monthly quality, long construction period, over budget, low efficiency and great waste of many construction projects. Even Party A, Party B and consulting institutions collude to deliberately raise the project cost to obtain benefits, and the consequences are very bad. Designers artificially change the design and raise the standard. Due to the lack of precision and depth, many designs are frequently changed during construction; Investors only want to win the bid at a low price, but often ignore the qualification examination of the bidding construction unit or material supplier, which leads to subcontracting behavior. Contractors often adopt the way of "winning the bid at a low price and demanding profits", making use of contract loopholes and poor monitoring to "make money", resulting in a passive situation of project cost management.
4. The project cost management system is not perfect. As far as engineering quota is concerned, it can be divided into national unified quota, industry unified quota, regional unified quota, enterprise quota and supplementary quota according to the editor-in-chief unit and management authority. Regional and provincial quotas are compiled and issued by provincial quota stations and uniformly implemented in the whole province, and municipal projects invested by the government are issued by the government. Due to the different requirements and control scales of the two departments, conflicts often occur in the implementation process, which leads to the users of quotas being at a loss and it is difficult for the relevant competent departments to arbitrate.
Third, strengthen the path selection of hydropower project cost management
Many problems in project cost management can be improved by means of information technology, and can provide a platform for the leap-forward development in the field of project cost management. In order to better manage the project cost scientifically and effectively, we must strengthen the following aspects:
1. To strengthen the cost management of hydropower projects, we must improve the project cost management system. First of all, establish a unified project cost management organization and strengthen the management function of the project cost management department. Strengthen macro-control ability and improve the system and method of project cost management; Accelerate the construction of laws and regulations, standardize the construction market and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of market participants. Second, it is necessary to straighten out the relationship between the competent departments of project cost management, establish a regular coordination and contact system between departments, and make the standards and indicators of project cost management better connect and match. From government organization management to trade association management, the establishment of professional engineering cost consulting intermediaries is encouraged, and the state departments manage government and non-government investments respectively.
2. In order to strengthen the cost management of hydropower projects, it is necessary to establish a national unified project cost information network. At present, many regions in China have established local engineering cost information websites. General engineering classification, material classification, material coding, index and price are all classified according to local habits, which brings inconvenience to users all over the country. From the perspective of development, it is an inevitable product of the application of information technology in the field of project cost management and what cost workers expect to establish a national unified project cost information network according to project classification, unified information collection standards, unified information coding, unified caliber content and unified database solutions. The website should provide project cost information all over the country, including building materials price information, cost indicators, industry trends, documents and regulations, etc. It is not only beneficial to users' inquiry, analysis and decision-making, but also beneficial to the unified management and coordination of national competent departments, making the project cost management unified, large-scale and orderly.
3. To strengthen the cost management of hydropower projects, it is necessary to build a network market operation platform for project cost. Using information technology, we can establish an operating platform for the network market of engineering cost, establish a virtual building materials market, carry out network management and open up e-commerce applications such as online ordering. From a global perspective, it is the general trend to promote the networking, automation, electronization and all-round information sharing of construction management. Video conference network based on modern communication network will become an important part of information construction, and all units will attach importance to it. It is an inevitable trend to realize online bidding. On this operating platform, it can be implemented according to the following procedures: issuing tender announcement, online bidder registration, bidder pre-qualification, randomly selecting expert judges, submitting bids online, online bid opening, bid evaluation, bid selection and contract management. This not only completes the bidding work, but also increases the fairness, impartiality and transparency of management, which is more conducive to the healthy development of the field of project cost management.
4. To strengthen the cost management of hydropower projects, we must improve the project cost management network system. The function of project cost management network system can not be limited to using cost software, making quota and budgeting, but also developing the statistics, analysis and preliminary processing functions of all kinds of letters and parcels in the background; The management terminal database should have the functions of overall arrangement and comprehensive processing; The front desk should use the wed server and router to connect to the Internet, and it can publish all kinds of information in different categories. That is, the project cost information network system aims to realize the automation of the whole process of building products from planning and design, construction management to operation, and project cost management is a complete management system that runs through all levels of the building product process. The establishment of project cost management network system should follow the principles of unity, standardization, networking and intelligence. Because of its professionalism and strong policy, the project cost management network system should be set up by the state, led by the it department and jointly developed with relevant departments. Unify the development, maintenance and information update of the system, formulate the network charter, break the departmental and local boundaries, support each other, scientifically divide the work, reduce duplication, give full play to the overall advantages, and establish and improve the network service institutions.
5. To strengthen the cost management of hydropower projects, it is necessary to optimize and integrate the cost and its management software. Optimizing and integrating cost and its management software is the key to the application of information technology in project cost management. Its organization and implementation must be organized by the state to form a professional group of engineering cost management personnel from all walks of life, ministries, provinces and cities and relevant computer professionals, summarize all kinds of engineering cost management software currently developed, analyze their advantages and disadvantages, apply a more advanced and universal software development system, and stipulate the applicable environment of the software. In this regard, we should do a good job in the following aspects: First, we should adhere to the software development under the current bill of quantities pricing model. Second, the project cost management department will take the lead in resource combination and unified arrangement for all kinds of software development companies (including pure management software, cost management software and other supporting software). Third, design and develop pricing, management and network operation according to the unified information number classification and hierarchical structure. Fourthly, all kinds of software developed at all levels are combined and demonstrated repeatedly, and finally a unified online cost management software is launched nationwide and updated regularly.
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