The present situation of forest resources in China is as follows: forest area 15894. 1 10,000 hectares, forest coverage16.55%; The forest volume is 1 127 billion cubic meters; The national plantation area (excluding Taiwan Province Province) is 46.667 million hectares, with a stock of 65.438+0.0 1 100 million cubic meters, ranking first in the world. Interviewee: lyl _ 10 16- Assistant Level 2 10- 14 20:08.
China's official media reported on Friday (February 1 1) that the two largest oil companies in China discovered another 850 million tons of oil reserves in 2004, and China's oil reserves increased by 25%.
By the end of last year, China had discovered 4 billion tons of oil reserves. China Oil and Gas Group is the largest oil company in China. It is reported that the company discovered 520 million tons of oil reserves last year.
Another large oil company, China Petrochemical Company Limited, discovered 328 million tons of oil reserves in 2004.
The official Xinhua News Agency reported that the two companies also proved 422 billion cubic meters of natural gas reserves last year.
Last year, China's economic growth rate reached 9.5%, the largest increase since 1996. Due to economic development, two-thirds of provinces in China are short of electricity, and energy shortage has become the bottleneck of economic development in China.
China's crude oil consumption last year was 288 million tons, and it will reach 320 million tons this year, making it the second largest energy consumer in the world after the United States.
Due to the soaring demand for crude oil, China Petroleum Company explored oil reserves from Tarim Basin to Bohai Bay in the east.
China has been trying to import more oil from Russia. So far, China Oil and Gas Group has signed 48 investment cooperation agreements with 20 countries. Last year, the company acquired the rights and interests of16 million tons of oil overseas.
The company's biggest overseas action is to build a 65,438+0,000 km Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline, costing 700 million US dollars. After the completion of this pipeline, the annual transportation capacity is10 million tons.
China Oil and Gas Group is also building an oil refinery in Venezuela, which can extract 6.5 million tons of oil every year.
China's coal reserves reach 600 billion tons, ranking third in the world, and its oil reserves are about 3.9 billion barrels (1997), ranking eighth in the world.
China's coal reserves reach 600 billion tons, ranking third in the world, but its per capita reserves are about 462 tons, which is far less than the world average, ranking third in the world and eighth in oil reserves.
The Intelligence Bureau of the US Department of Energy even estimates that Iraq's crude oil reserves may be as high as 30 billion tons. Due to UN sanctions, the daily output of Iraqi crude oil in recent years is only 6.5438+0.5 million to 2 million barrels (barrels are generally used as the unit of measurement for crude oil in the international market, and each barrel is 0. 1.38 tons). Experts estimate that if crude oil production is resumed after the regime change in Iraq, the world oil supply will increase by 3 million to 5 million barrels per day.
China coal resources1.500 million tons. Oil reserves are1.600 million tons. China's oil reserves only account for 2.3% of the world's total, and its exploitable life is only 20.6 years, far below the world average life of 42.8 years.
Water resources in northern China
Since the spring of this year, the vast areas in northern China have been suffering from drought and lack of rain. By the end of May, the drought-affected area in China had exceeded 340 million mu, and there was a persistent drought after the worst drought in the 50 years since the founding of New China. Although there has been continuous rainfall in most parts of northern China recently, it has not been able to alleviate the drought since this spring. Therefore, the shortage of water resources is particularly obvious, and the vast rural areas are facing a serious water crisis. In this regard, we specially visited Professor Li Qiang from the Department of Sociology of Tsinghua University and asked him to analyze the current situation of rural water resources in northern China.
Due to unreasonable and uncontrolled water use and the destruction of ecological environment, the available surface water resources in rural areas in northern China are decreasing day by day. The attenuation of surface water makes more and more rural areas rely on groundwater resources. Judging from the current situation, groundwater has become the most important water source for agricultural irrigation.
From a dynamic point of view, agricultural irrigation is increasingly dependent on groundwater. According to this trend, rivers and reservoirs will further withdraw from agricultural water sources, and groundwater will be almost the only way to use water for agricultural irrigation. The accelerated decline of groundwater level is a common and serious problem in rural water use.
China's total water resources account for 7% of the world's total water resources, ranking sixth. However, the per capita water consumption is only 2400m3, accounting for 25% of the world's per capita water consumption, ranking ninth in the world11,making it one of the world's 13 water-poor countries. The temporal and spatial distribution of water resources in China is not in harmony with the distribution of population and cultivated land. From the time point of view, 70%-90% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in June-September, with less winter and great interannual variation. In space, the distribution of water resources is more in the southeast and less in the northwest. The cultivated land in the Yangtze River basin and its south area accounts for only 38% of the country's cultivated land, but the water resources account for more than 80% of the country. However, the Huaihe River Basin and its northern area, which account for 62% of the country's arable land, have less than 20% of the country's water resources. Uneven distribution in time and space and great interannual changes have aggravated the flood and drought disasters. Since the 1990s, the area affected by drought has reached about 400 million mu every year, which is three times that of the 1950s.
China's oil resources still have great potential.
China is rich in oil resources. According to the statistics of BP in 2003, among the global 103 oil-producing countries, China's total recoverable oil resources and remaining recoverable reserves rank at 1 1 0 respectively. By the end of 2003, the proven rate of petroleum recoverable resources in China was 43%, which generally belonged to the middle and mature stage of petroleum exploration. Based on the comprehensive analysis of resources and exploration potential, it is predicted that China's oil reserves will still be in a period of rapid and stable growth in the next 15-20 years, and the average annual increase of recoverable oil reserves will be around1400,000-1800,000 tons, basically maintaining the current level of reserve growth.
At the 2005 (Beijing) Petroleum and Petrochemical Economic Forum held recently, Yan, Director of Development and Research Department of China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Company, said that the main areas of oil reserves growth in China in the future will be the west and the sea. Judging from the recent exploration and resource potential analysis, oil exploration should mainly focus on foreland basins, large uplift belts, stratigraphic and lithologic oil and gas reservoirs, shallow layers of Bohai Bay basin, marine carbonate rocks and sea areas (including beaches). These will be the main target areas for further exploration in China, and also the main battlefields for discovering large and medium-sized oil fields and increasing oil reserves in the future.
In addition, Nansha sea area is rich in oil resources. According to a preliminary estimate, the recoverable oil is about 6543.8+000 billion tons, of which 70% is within the discontinuous national boundary of China. It is reported that neighboring countries have proven oil reserves of 860 million tons, and China's intermittent border is in the South China Sea, and established a crude oil production capacity of over 50 million tons. Yan pointed out that China should adopt the strategy of "sovereignty belongs to me, disputes are shelved, and * * * joint development", and the three major companies should jointly develop and utilize the oil and gas resources in this region with the support of diplomatic and military forces. This is of great strategic significance to the sustainable development of China's oil resources.
Of course, experts also pointed out that although China's oil resources have great potential, with the gradual deepening of the overall exploration level, the types of oil and gas reservoirs in China are becoming increasingly complex, the quality of resources is obviously worse, and the exploration is becoming more and more difficult.